Assessment 4 F23
docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
University of North Carolina, Charlotte *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
141
Subject
Geography
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
Pages
12
Uploaded by DoctorSnowEchidna51
GEOG 141 – Assessment 4
Due dates: Come to class on Thursday, Nov 30
th
with your map complete and prepared to discuss your visualization. Your map and all of the questions in this worksheet are due in Canvas on Wednesday, Dec 6
th
at 5pm.
GIS and Spatial Data Visualization
Today you will learn how to explore spatial data using a Geographic Information System (GIS). A GIS is a powerful tool that can assist with spatial data analysis, management, visualization, and map making. You have already learned about key concepts to introduce you to GIS (
layers, vector, raster, symbology, cartography, scale
). Remember to reference the introductory slides if you need to refresh your memory on these concepts! We will explore spatial data attributes and visualization through the example of global fishing activities. By the end of this assessment, you should be able to save a Web Map you have created in ArcGIS Online and visualize spatial data. You should also be able to apply these skills to visualize spatial relationships between industrial fishing, national space, and marine protected area space in the oceans.
Part I: Getting familiar with GIS
1.
Go to https://www.arcgis.com/index.html
, and sign into your ArcGIS Online account (follow the steps of the pre-assignment if you forgot).
2.
At the top of your home-screen, click Map
. This automatically opens a new map document for you. 3.
In the map document, notice some important on the side bar. You can explore all of these on your own, but here are some important tabs for this assessment:
Add: will let you browse for layers to add to your map
Layers:
will show
which layers are currently in the map, and in what order
Basemap:
Esri has a repository of different basemap
layers for the entire globe.
Different ones are useful for different purposes. On your own, explore some of these to see what you can find on the map!
Save and open
: will allow you to save your map to return to it later.
●
Note: we will not use Tables, Charts, Bookmarks, Settings, or Print
for this assignment.
4.
Take some time to pan and zoom
around the map to orient yourself to the GIS (by clicking and dragging, scrolling in and out). Try changing the basemap by clicking on the Basemap
tab and selecting a different one. What do you notice about the different
basemaps?
5.
In the bottom right-hand corner, there is a wrench
icon. Click it to open the “
Map Tools
” menu, and select the Search
option. This functions similarly to Google maps, where you can search specific features or locations and it will bring the extent of the map to the feature. 6.
It’s good practice to save your map document often. Navigate to the top tab Save and open > Save As
.
●
Title the map: YOUR NAME - GEOG141 – Assessment 4
●
ArcOnline requires you to tag your map. Tag it GEOG141
●
In the summary box, you can write a description of the map. Write something like “Global fishing activity”
●
Save it in the folder that is <youronyen>_UNC
●
Click Save Map. Note: When you save a map, it saves it at the current scale and extent, so when you open it next time, it should be at the same location.
Part II: Spatial data layers and symbology
Next, we will use spatial data to explore industrial fishing over time. First, we will add fishing data to the map.
7.
Navigate to the tab: Add > Browse layers.
Click My Content
to drop down a menu of places to search from. Select ‘My organization’
, and search for “GEOG141”
. Press Enter to search. The results should return 3 layers. First, let’s explore global fishing effort.
8.
Click on the name of the July2020Fishing tile layer. A panel should open with a thumbnail preview of the layer and some information about it. Click Add to Map
button at the bottom of this panel. 8
7
●
This layer represents hours of fishing activity across the entire globe in the month of January 2020. Note that the hours have been log_10 transformed, so that a value of 1 = 10 hours, 2 = 100 hours of fishing, and 3 represents 1,000 hours of fishing. ●
The “Properties” tab for the layer will open on the right of the screen when you add it to
the map. Close it for now- we will come back to it later.
9.
After you take a few minutes to explore the January 2020 Global Fishing Effort data, Repeat steps
7 & 8 to add January2020Fishing to the map.
You’ll notice that there is overlap between the fishing patterns for the different months. There will not be a perfect way to see all of the information at once, but there are two options to change the display of the layers.
10.
Navigate to Layers
. Hover over the name of a layer, and an EYE icon should appear. Click the EYE icon next to each of the layers layers to turn them on and off. Another way to change the display is to click and drag them in the Layer
panel to change their order.
11.
Now add the third layer from the search results for “GEOG141,” called EEZs
. EEZ stands for Exclusive Economic Zones; these are zones where coastal nations have jurisdiction over natural resources. The EEZ layer is an example of a vector
data format. Question 1)
The layers showing global fishing effort for January and July 2020 are examples of raster
data. They represent a grid of cells with one value per cell. Comparing fishing effort during two different seasons can give us insights about human activity and the environment. Compare the global fishing efforts for each month. What patterns do you see? Does the spatial arrangement of effort seem random? How are the patterns different or similar?
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
When you added EEZs to the map, you might notice that it covers up pretty much everything underneath
it. So what can we do? 12.
Let’s change how the EEZs are visualized. Or, using GIS jargon: “Let’s change the symbology.” ●
From the Layers tab, click the three dots on the EEZ layer to open the menu. Choose Show Properties
.
●
In the menu, under the Symbology
tab, select “Edit layer style.” ●
In Box 2, it says “
Location (single symbol)
.” Select “Style options.”
●
From the next menu, select “
Style options.” A new menu should open. Here you have the option to change the fill and outline of the polygon
(polygon is the type of vector data that the EEZs are represented by!). You can change colors and transparencies for the fill and outline separately. ●
To the side of the color selection, select the symbol for No Color
(circle with a line through it). We want to just symbolize the boundaries of the EEZs. Make sure your outline color is something that will be visible and intuitive. Choose something that will stand out against your chosen basemap (red, yellow, or black are good options). You can also choose to adjust your outline width.
●
Click DONE (twice!)
when you are finished and exit the properties menu.
●
SAVE your map – this will save the symbology choices you have made for the layers in your map.
Part III: Spatial data attributes and selection
Spatial data holds more information than just location. This next part will demonstrate multiple methods
for identifying this information for vector layers, called attributes
. 13.
Click on any shape in the EEZs layer on the map. A box of the shape’s information pops up.
●
ISO_3digit:
This is the three letter code for the country which has jurisdiction over the EEZ.
●
Country:
This is the full country name
●
Changes:
This represents the last time there were recent changes to the EEZ. This may be blank.
Question 2)
Now there are two types of geospatial data in our map: raster and vector. There are
also two types of information now: exclusive economic zones and fishing activity. Explore the map around the globe again. Pay special attention to the areas that stood out to you in Question 1. Do you see new patterns? Do you have new insights about patterns you noticed before? Make a guess about what you think you are seeing. There are no wrong answers.
What other data would you need to have a more informed understanding of what you are seeing on the map?
Clicking and identifying information through a popup is the easiest way to quickly learn about a specific feature in a dataset. Let’s try a more comprehensive look at a new dataset. 14.
We will add a new vector layer to our map which represents Marine and Coastal Protected areas.
To add the layer:
●
Navigate to Add > Browse layers > Living Atlas
. Esri’s online Living Atlas is a database of different geospatial data files which anyone with an ArcGIS Online account can use. ●
Search “
WDPA - Marine and Coastal Protected Areas
.” Select the resulting layer and read the description of it before adding it to the map.
15.
You may notice that it does not show up right away on the map. If it does not show up right away for you, it is because the Visibility Range is set so that the layer only appears at certain zoom levels. ●
You can change this in [from the WDPA polygons layer] Show properties > Visible range
. 16.
You will notice that adding the layer to the map has actually added TWO layers: one of points and one of polygons. For this exercise, we are only interested in the polygons. Let’s remove the points layer.
●
Under the WDPA - Marine and Coastal Protected Areas - WDPA point Latest
menu [Click the three dots to open the menu], click Remove [trash can icon].
Take some time to symbolize the polygon layer representing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) so that all of
the information on your map is easily viewable. Play around with turning layers on and off in different combinations and shuffling their order. Click on the different MPAs to learn more about them.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
17.
We can look at the information for all of the MPAs easily by opening the Attribute Table
. An attribute table is made of rows for each individual MPA (called records or observations or features
) and columns (called attributes
). Each record has a value
for every attribute.
●
Under the Layers tab on the left-hand menu bar, click on the WDPA poly Latest
Options [three dots icon] to open the options menu.
●
Click Show table.
●
Explore the attribute table. Notice the different attributes and think about what they mean. ●
Check the box in the first column of a row to select a feature
(AKA record or observation). You can also select a feature by directly clicking on it in the map document.
●
Click the attribute column heading to sort.
18.
Explore other options in the Attribute Table.
●
At the top-right corner of the attribute table, there is an icon for Field Visibility
. You can check and un-check fields that are visible in the table. Turn off field visibility to de-clutter
the table. ●
On the left-hand side of the table, there is a menu bar with several options: Zoom to selection, Home, Clear selection, Show Selected, Show all, and Refresh.
Question 3)
We have added a third layer to the map to represent Marine Protected Areas.
Take some time to scan around the globe and make observations about MPAs. Describe the spatial patterns of MPAs that you see globally relative to the other data sets on the map. For instance, where are MPAs likely to be located? What scale of MPAs are common or less common? Does it seem like MPAs are a significant policy in oceans governance?
As you learned in class, the rules associated with Marine Protected Areas are highly varied. Take some time again to explore whether or not you see any new or changed patterns from what you noticed in Questions 1 & 2. What has changed or stayed the same? Do spatial arrangements you observed before seem to make sense now, or perhaps less sense? Why? Can you discern anything about the relationship between MPAs and fishing effort? What does this tell you about Marine Protected Areas as a policy tool for marine conservation, if anything?
Part IV – Environmental data
To explore patterns in global fishing activity in 2020, we will add one more dataset to consider while exploring patterns of fishing activity. So far, we have included data on economic activity, exclusive economic zones, and conservation areas. Now, we will add a dataset on global Sea Surface Temperature (SST) that varies over time.
19.
In the Esri Living Atlas, search “
Sea Surface Temperature (°C)
” and several options will appear. Choose the dataset that is owned by Esri. ●
When you add the layer, it will be on top of the other data layers. Arrange the data so that you can see all relevant layers.
20.
When the layer is added, a time bar appears at the bottom of the screen. If you click the “play” button, it begins to progress each day of SST from March 30, 2008. We are interested in two months in particulary: January 2020 and July 2020.
21.
Click the three dots icon at the far right of the time bar and choose “
time slider options
.”
Question 4)
What does the “Zoom to selection” option in the attribute table do?
22.
A menu opens and allows you to configure the “temporal” aspects of the SST data layer. Let’s display the average SST in the month of July 2020.
●
In the start date box, type “
7/1/2020
”
●
In the end date box, type “
7/31/2020
” ●
In the “Time intervals” setting, set the time interval to be “Total time divided into equal steps” = 1. ●
Leave all other settings.
23.
The SST layer now shows the month average SST for July 2020. Explore the patterns of July 2020 fishing effort related to temperatures. Do you notice anything new about the spatial arrangement
of fishing effort? Repeat step 22 for January 2020. Part V - Make a Map! You’ve now explored a few different aspects of fishing and human-marine processes. Now it’s time to synthesize what you have observed across multiple spatial datasets. Your final task is to make a web map
of a Marine Protected Area and write a few short paraphs about it. You have a few criteria to consider, but you will have some creativity over what you want to show. Deliverables for Assessment 4
For Assessment 4, you will turn in a single document with all Parts A-D to Canvas by 5:00 PM on December 6
th (LDOC).
You must bring Parts A-C to class on Thursday, November 30
th
for Assessment 4 discussion:
Part A) Completed questions 1-5 from this sheet
NOTE: PLEASE COPY AND PASTE THE TEXT BOXES WITH YOUR ANSWERS TO A NEW DOCUMENT that you will turn in. It will have the link to your map (Part B), the write up of your map (Part C), and answers to questions you will answer after your discussion with other classmates on November 30
th
(Part D).
Part B) Web Map: Use the following to guide the construction of your map
Question 5)
Take time to explore the patterns of SST and fishing effort for the two different months. What do you notice about the different patterns of SST between January and July 2020? Do these patterns seem to explain anything about the fishing patterns for these months?
How might sea surface temperature relate to industrial fishing?
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
WHAT
are you making a map of?
●
Make a map of a specific Marine Protected Area (MPA), or a few of them in close proximity, that seem interesting to you. Search the MPA name on Google and describe a little bit about it. See Part C for specific criteria.
Carefully consider the WHERE
of your map:
●
Make sure to save your map at the extent and scale that best show your MPA and the surrounding areas (context of the MPA and associated fishing effort, EEZs, sea surface temperature, other geographical features)
Think through HOW
you are making the map
●
Symbology: Use what we learned in class, and feel free to explore more symbology options we did not cover in class (optional). However, make sure your symbology is clear and makes sense.
●
You don’t need
to use all 4 layers in your map if you want to focus on 2-3 of them.
●
Alternatively, if you want to search the Living Atlas for more map layers, feel free to use them. Justify why you chose a specific new data layer in your write-up. Make sure the instructors can access the map
●
Save the map and share its link with the write-up. Here are the instructions for sharing the link: ○
After you Save,
navigate to the ‘
Share map’
tab on the left-hand menu. ○
In the Share window, check “Organization”
, so that the instructors have access to your map. ○
Copy the link URL from the top of your browser and paste it AT THE TOP of your write-up
document.
■
IMPORTANT: Make sure your map is titled “YOUR NAME - GEOG141 - Assessment 4”
■
IMPORTANT: If you do not have your permissions set correctly so that we cannot
access your completed map. If we cannot access your map we cannot give you credit for the Assessment! Suggestion: Test that your link works by sending it to a friend. Make sure the extent
and symbology
are designed and saved as you intended. Part C) Write up the map you made in Part B
In a few paragraphs:
●
Explain your web map. Why did you choose that MPA? Search the MPA name on Google and describe a little bit about it (remember to cite your sources!): ○
When was it designated?
○
Who operates it? ●
Explain why you have chosen this MPA and the area around it. Why is it interesting? Describe its relationship to the other spatial data layers, and describe the arrangement of the other spatial data within and around it. ●
Explain the relationship between the MPA(s) on your map and fishing activity. If there is fishing activity in the MPAs, why do you think this is?
○
Consider different restrictions by different MPAs
○
Consider the dates of the data (MPA designation, fishing activity months)
●
In addition to the data provided for this assessment (EEZs, MPAs, fishing activity, sea surface temperature), what data would help you better interpret the story about maritime economic and conservation activity? Part D) Complete questions 6-9 on the same document that has Parts A-C. Answers to Part D will be based on discussions you have in class on November 30
th
. Answer each of the following questions in a few sentences: 6.
What important similarities and differences did you observe about the relationships among fishing, EEZs and MPAs, as your classmates showed and described their maps to you?
7. Reflect on the map design tools that others in your group chose to use in their maps. What design choices made a map easy to understand? Specifically discuss symbology, data layers, and map concepts like extent and scale in your answer.
8. As a group, discuss what explanatory power you think that the data sources offer in this visual format (as opposed to data tables, as we used in Assessment 3). What are some data sources you wish you had to clarify the patterns you observed? Would they be data sources that are easy to visualize in space and time? What kinds of questions would they help you answer? You must each write your own answer to this question.
9. Pick at least one concept that we discussed/you read about for Burning Issue #3 (Ocean Conservation) that helps you to design and/or interpret your map and the maps of others in your discussion group. Define that concept and put it in conversation with the mapping exercise.
Returning to your map document after logging out
If you need to log out and continue working on your map at a later time, log in using the steps from the Pre-Assignment…
1)
Click the Content
tab at the top. 2)
Your map will be listed there. Click to open. You may need to click the Open in Map Viewer
option to open the map again. (see picture below)
Data Sources:
Global Fishing Watch: https://globalfishingwatch.org/
Mission: “We’re committed to advancing ocean sustainability and stewardship through increasing transparency. We do this by offering, for free, data and near real-time tracking of global commercial fishing activity, supporting new science and research, and boosting the global dialogue on ocean transparency. Within the next 10 years, we aim to track all large-scale fishing – some 300,000 boats responsible for about three-quarters of the global marine catch – and increase our ability to track small-
scale fishing vessels.”
Exclusive Economic Zones data: http://www.marineregions.org/downloads.php
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help