Unit Exam 3 Student Ready (1)

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Unit 3 Exam Chapter 16: Marine and Coastal Systems and Resources 1. The ocean connects most bodies of water and receives the runoff from most rivers including sediments and pollutants. True or False 2. Which of the following surface ocean water areas exhibit higher salinity? A. those around the equator B. those with higher evaporation rates than precipitation C. those close to inland river outlets D. those with higher precipitation rates than evaporation 3. Which of the following contributes to the ocean's salinity? A. The evaporation of water leaving salts behind to accumulate in the ocean basin. B. Runoff of salts from weathered rocks down rivers. C. Wind blowing salts from land out to sea. D. All of the above 4. Which of the following is true of surface ocean waters? A. It is typically colder due to the inability of solar radiation to penetrate those depths. B. These waters are more dense due to their temperature and the higher concentration of salt. C. These waters are sluggish, and are unaffected by winds or storms. D. These waters help moderate Earth's climate by absorbing heat from the atmosphere. 5. Which of the following is true? A. The atmosphere (air) has a higher heat capacity than water. B. Ocean temperatures are typically more stable, fluctuating less than land temperatures. C. Pressure in ocean waters increases as you move up the water column. D. Waters in the pycnocline zone exhibit larger temperate swings than surface waters. 6. Which of the following describes upwelling? A. Where nutrients and cold water are drawn from the depths. B. Where horizontal currents diverge from one another. C. A type of vertical current. D. All of the above
7. Which of the following results in the sinking of oxygen and carbon dioxide to the depths? A. upwelling B. heat absorption C. downwelling D. trawling 8. The slowing of the North Atlantic Deep Water Current is resulting in ____________. A. Increased downwelling B. warmer climate temperatures in Europe C. Increased salinity D. Less carbon dioxide being sent to the depths 9. In a dead zone, oxygen levels in the ocean water increase. True or False 10. Where can the most biodiversity and productivity of oceans be found? A. close to river inlets B. alone continental shelves C. upwelling areas D. All of the above 11. The zone known for supporting the producers of the ocean with solar energy providing for the most biodiversity and overall productivity is the ___________. A. supratidal zone B. photic zone C. pelagic zone D. benthic zone 12. What protist do corals maintain a symbiotic relation with, and in doing so provides habitat, food, and shelter to many other aquatic organisms? A. sea anenomes B. cnidarians C. zooxanthellae D. polyps 13. Which of the following marine and/or coastal systems provide shelter for inland species against storm surges, and their protection results in protection of human life and homes as well? A. kelp forests B. coral reefs C. estuaries D. salt marshes and mangrove forests
14. Open water ecosystems have the most biodiversity within the pelagic zone and around upwelling currents. True or False 15. Which of the following refers to an accumulation of plastic and debris in the ocean due to converging currents? A. gyres B. microplastics C. plastic rafts D. estuary 16. Which of the following are consequences to plastic pollution in our oceans? A. Increased incidence of invasive species traversing long distances on plastic rafts. B. Increased incidence of toxicity among marine life and among those that eat fish due to microplastic consumption. C. Decreased biodiversity due to accidental ingestion of plastics that accumulate in the digestive tract, or due to entanglement in plastic nets and fisher lines and bags leading to immobility or asphyxiation. D. All of the above. 17. Plastics take about 500-1000 years to degrade at sea, and microplastics cannot be realistically filtered from our oceans. The best way to prevent more plastic from entering our oceans is to stop it from ever entering through river outlets and/or halting pollution via human activities. True or False 18. Following the Exxon Valdex oil tanker spill, the U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990 was created to pull together a $1 billion oil pollution and cleanup fund. This made the government and its taxpayers responsible for oil spills in U.S. waters rather than the oil industry. True or False 19. Which of the following is true of red tides? A. It refers to the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of mercury concentrations among marine animals. B. It results in coastal dead zones lacking in oxygen and other nutrients and a high concentration of neurotoxin production negatively effecting animals, ecosystems, ecotourism, and fishing reliant economies/communities. C. It results from pollution from the combustion of fossil fuels and mining. D. It results from converging currents brining plastic and other debris into concentrated patches scattered throughout the ocean.
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20. Ocean acidification is an ongoing event in which our oceans are increasing in acidity due to its absorption of atmospheric nitrogen. True or False 21. The overexploitation of our fish stocks is a new occurrence due to technological advances used by commercial fishing industries. True or False 22. Which of the following industrial fishing methods devastates marine animal habitats and ecosystems? A. purse seining B. driftnetting C. longlining D. trawling 23. When cod stocks depleted in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, fisheries responded by ________. A. fishing down the food chain B. going bowling C. finding a sustainable alternative D. catching bigger predators 24. Which of the following is false? A. Marine reserves have not yet been widely accepted or implemented, but do show promise as a marine conservation management tool. B. Marine protected areas prohibit industrial fishing and effectively protect marine ecosystems. C. Though fishery managers attempt to collect data to use maximum sustainable yield approaches, they fall short due to the interconnected complexity of marine life, international opposition, and many other variables. D. All of the above