PHY 205L M5 Earthquakes Lab Report (1)
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Southern New Hampshire University *
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Course
205L
Subject
Geography
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
Pages
9
Uploaded by AgentWater35217
Earthquakes
Leticia Pollard-Torres
11/24/2023
1
Data
Activity 1
Data Table 1
No. of
Washe
rs
Distance Stretched
(inches)
Observations
8
6.3
The plate had resistance to the
pull/some of the washers fell to the
right side. 8
6
Sightly resistance to the pull/the top
washers stayed on top of the other but
had a slightly movement.
8
4.4
Less resistance to the pull/very little
observable movement of the washers. 8
4.8
Less
resistance
to
the
pull/no
movement of the washers.
0
1.7
Almost
no
resistance
to
the
pull/Washers did not move.
0
0.11
No resistance/ it move quickly, and
washer did not move.
0
1.8
The resistance was not significant/no
movement of the washers.
0
1.6
Very little resistance to the pull
16
10.10
Strong resistance to the pull. Washers
stayed in same spot but the sandpaper
on the bottom curled up.
16
8.9
Strong resistance and this time the
bottom sandpaper was drag one more
inch than the rubber band.
16
8.12
Still lots of resistance to the pull and
the bottom sandpaper was drag with
the pull of the rubber band.
16
9.12
Once again, the plate did not move and
had lots of resistance to the drag and
the bottom sandpaper was drag one
Activity 1 Questions:
1.
What does the sandpaper on sandpaper represent? The sandpaper on sandpaper represents the faults on a tectonic plate. There is friction caused by the pull and push of the movement of the plate. © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
2
2.
How did the “plate” move when there were 0 washers on the “plate”? How did the “plate” move after adding the washers? Was there a difference in movement with 8 versus 16 washers added?
There was no friction and the “plate” moved without resistance. After adding the washers to the “plate” the friction and resistance was significantly increased than before. It was observed that between the 8 washers versus the 16 washers the resistance was greater with the increasing number of washers. This was to the point that the bottom “plate” was dragged in the pull.
3.
What does the distance the rubber band stretched represent?
This signifies the amount of force applied on to the “plate” making it move in a different direction. In this case the "plate" observed here is convergent since one plate goes over another causing friction. In the real world, when two plates converge, one
plate falls under the other causing trenches, earthquakes, and volcanoes. 4.
When the “plate” moved across the sandpaper, was it a smooth or sudden
movement? What do you think the movements might represent?
When the washers were on the sandpaper, the movement was sudden after the initial pull. Without washers, the movement was
smooth. The movement represents the release of energy where earthquakes occur in the fault area.
5.
© 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
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3
Activity 2
World Map Data Points
Include photos of your World Map diagrams (both east and west) below (Step
3 Activity 2).
© 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
4
Activity 2 Questions:
1.
Looking at your world maps and the IRIS Earthquake Browser, where did you observe the most earthquakes occurring?
Earthquakes were most active in the Northeastern hemisphere near the Equator and towards the Southeastern hemisphere.
2.
Using the magnitude data provided to you in Activity 2 for June 2005, what was the average magnitude of the earthquakes? What was the median magnitude of the earthquakes? What was the magnitude range
for these earthquakes?
The average magnitude is 5.79.
Median: 5.4
Magnitude range is between 5.3 and 7.8. So, the magnitude range is -2.5.
© 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
5
Activity 3
A: Reading Seismograms
Time
(seconds)
Activity 3 Questions:
1.
Label the seismogram above with P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves.
P-waves start at 1-3 ¾ and the S-waves start at 3 ¾. 2.
How much time elapsed between the first P and S waves? Subtract the time of the first P-wave from the time of the first S-wave.
We subtract 1 from the first P-wave with the start of the S-wave which is 3
¾. The elapsed time is −
2 ¾.
3.
Mark the S-P time on the nomogram below. What is the distance from the epicenter?
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6
Approximately 30 km away
4.
The earthquake had an amplitude of 7 millimeters. Mark the amplitude on the right side of the nomogram below.
5.
With a ruler and a pen, draw a straight line between the two points, from the distance to the amplitude. The magnitude of the earthquake is where the line crosses the center column. What is the magnitude of the earthquake?
The magnitude of this earthquake is about 3.0 on the Richer scale.
© 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
7
© 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
30 km
7mm
8
B: Finding the Epicenter
Earthquake Epicenter: Latitude: 54º 22’32.79” N
Longitude:
172º 31’17.50” W
© 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company
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