lab5

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Georgia State University *

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1112

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Geography

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Oct 30, 2023

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Q1: Identify two sources of carbon in the picture. Identify two sinks. Plant respiration and air-sea gas exchange are two sources of carbon. Two sinks are soil carbon and plant bio-mass Q2: Where did the 9 petagrams of carbon emitted into the atmosphere by anthropogenic activities in 2010 end up going? In the atmosphere Q3: From where is the wheat-grass getting the carbon that is enabling it to grow? Photosynthesis, the air Q4: People have concerns about the use of slash and burn partly because it affects the carbon cycle in multiple ways. What are two of those ways? Think about the process of slashing and burning and the change it makes to the landscape. carbon in the wood goes back into the atmosphere, enhancing the greenhouse effect as well as global warming. It also would not allow plants and animals to release or absorb carbon Q5: How did the amount of carbon absorbed by the hydrosphere compare to the amount carbon released by the hydrosphere in 2010? The amount entering was greater than amount leaving by 2Pg. Q6: Which form of fossil fuel contributed the most to carbon dioxide production? coal Q7: In the Plant Bowen picture, the cooling towers are highlighted. Many people incorrectly link the presence of cooling towers to the presence of nuclear power plants, but all large-scale power plants have them. What is it that is coming out of the cooling towers? (Hint: This has an important relationship to the matter cycle you considered in the Troposphere lab.) Water vapor Q8: What do you think would be the effect on life on this planet if the kind of net release of carbon described above for 2010 were to continue for the next 50 years? The temperature would increase making earth unlivable

Q9: How does the trend in fossil-fuel emissions differ from the trend in land-use change emissions? Fossil fuel emissions are increasing, and land use change stays constant or decreases Q10: For the source that had the largest increase over the period (1959-2014), what do you think was responsible for that increase? I think cars had a lot to do with the increase. Q11: From what regions/countries was most of the carbon emitted in 1950? Germany and north east America Q12: What countries were the top two emitters in 2014? These two countries remained the largest emitters in 2020. China and the US Q13: What has been the general trend in the amount of carbon taken up by the atmosphere, oceans, and terrestrial biosphere over the last 50+ years? Do not focus on specific years. You want to see generally how the values changed from 1959 to 2014. Carbon taken up by the atmosphere has been increasing the last 50 plus years Q14: How did carbon uptake during 2005-2014 differ from carbon uptake during 1959- 1968? Where has more and more of the carbon been going? It has increased about 2 Pgs and it is going in the atmosphere Q15: Based on the differences in CO 2 concentrations between the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere and changes in CO 2 concentrations throughout the year, would you classify CO 2 as a well-mixed gas or poorly-mixed gas ? Look at the range in concentrations, 371 ppm to 414 ppm, across the globe over an entire year. One of the terms in bold above makes an appearance again in Lab 9 I think it’s well mixed. Q16: Why didn’t CO 2 emissions decrease from 1970 to 2010 like SO 2 and NO x emissions did? Fossil fuels were burning from vehicles and agricultural slash and burn

Q17: Identify one place across the globe where there is a (1) tropical forest, (2) temperate forest, and (3) boreal forest? 1. Tropical forest:Brazil 2. Temperate forest:Southwest Canada 3. Boreal forest:Russia Q18: Which of the three forests do you think is the largest carbon sink and why? Boreal because they are more northern and have colder weather. Q19: Which forests have large positive values of NPP during each month (i.e., what forests have a green color year-round)? tropical Q20: Why do these forests have little seasonal differences in NPP? They are giving and taking about the same amount of carbon. Q21: Which of the three forests do you think is the largest carbon sink and why? Boreal, for the reason stated in question 18. Q22: Which of the three forests appears to be the largest carbon sink, especially for the 1990-1999 period? tropical Q23: Why do you think it is likely the carbon uptake in tropical forest areas decreased from 1990-1999 to 2000-2007? Hint: Think about what you learned earlier that involved Brazil. Because there are enough plants to respire the carbon back in the atmosphere so it is more equal than sink or source. Q24: What other effects do you think anthropogenic CO 2 emissions are having on marine organisms besides the impact on calcifiers described above? It can ruin food, the reefs, and make the water more acidic

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How can carbon be transferred between the atmosphere and Earth’s other spheres? How would you best describe general changes in the anthropogenic emissions of CO 2 and the uptake of carbon by the atmosphere, oceans, and terrestrial biosphere from 1959 to 2014? How has the uptake of CO 2 affected the oceans and terrestrial biosphere? Carbon is transferred from the atmosphere to plants through photosynthesis and is transferred into the ocean by the sea air gas exchange. Carbon is transferred into the ocean through plant respiration, oceanic respiration, and decomposition. From 1959 to 2014, the uptake of carbon by the atmosphere, oceans and terrestrial biosphere has been increasing, it has increased about 2 Pgs. Emissions of carbon have also been increasing. The update of CO2 has caused the acidity of the oceans to rise, increases in temperature, which in turn, affects all life forms in the water, forests, and all the plants.