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Northern Virginia Community College *

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Geography

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Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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Uploaded by DeanFogKouprey185

Resource - 1 Kids world travel “Ocean Facts | the World Oceans and Continents | Geography.” Ocean Facts | the World Oceans and Continents | Geography , 15 Feb. 2023, www.kids-world-travel- guide.com/ocean-facts.html . This article breaks down our planet's water and land masses, and it explains how the ocean regulates our planet's temperature. The ocean's role in stabilizing Earth's average temperature is crucial, but it is not the only factor. To a large extent, the Earth's temperature is controlled by the ratio of solar energy to energy lost to space. The greenhouse effect, which is caused by gases in the atmosphere trapping heat, helps to keep things in check. The ocean's ability to store and transfer heat is an important factor in maintaining this equilibrium. Heat is stored in the ocean in large quantities, and its currents can move warm water from the equator to the poles, thereby regulating global temperatures. And because water evaporates into the air, ocean heat can also influence the weather and the amount of precipitation that falls. Human activities like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and changes in land use can raise greenhouse gas concentrations and disrupt the natural energy balance of the Earth's system.

Resource – 2 Green journal “Ways to Dispose of Waste Without Harming the Environment | Green Journal.” Green Journal | News About Green Energy , 16 Aug. 2019, www.greenjournal.co.uk/2019/08/ways-to- dispose-of-waste-without-harming-the-environment . This article teaches us more about different recycling, reusing, and composting methods that can help us save our ocean from pollution. Recycling, composting, and reusing all help keep trash out of landfills and, eventually, the ocean. Less trash floating around in the water means less pollution and less suffering for marine life. Reducing the number of disposable plastics that wind up in the ocean can be achieved through the reuse of containers, bags, and utensils. These plastics take hundreds of years to decompose and can cause harm to marine life and ecosystems. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides can harm marine life if they leach into waterways and aren't properly managed; composting helps mitigate this problem. Sustainable agriculture relies on nutrient-rich soil, which can be produced through composting. Reducing the amount of energy put into producing new products through recycling and reusing can have a positive effect on the environment. As a result, this has the potential to lessen the amount of pollution in the ocean brought on by things like fossil fuels. Simply put, reducing trash, single-use plastics, chemical runoff, and energy use are all ways in which recycling, composting, and reusing can aid in cleaning up the ocean. Taking these measures will aid in preserving marine life and ecosystems and working toward a more sustainable future.

Resource – 3 Seasave “Why We Care.” Plastic Ocean Pollution | Plastic Waste in the Ocean | Sea Save , 30 June 2020, seasave.org/plastic-pollution. This article explains how plastic pollution endangers marine life and offers some solutions to the problem. Marine life is being negatively impacted in numerous ways due to plastic pollution in the ocean. Millions of tons of plastic waste are dumped into the ocean every year, posing a threat to marine life and ecosystems for hundreds of years. Marine animals are at risk of injury, suffocation, and drowning when they become entangled in trash like abandoned fishing nets, plastic bags, and other trash. Sea turtles, fish, and birds, among others, can mistake plastic debris for food and ingest it, leading to intestinal blockages, malnutrition, and even death. Giving scuba photographers an outlet for their work is a great way to unite ocean lovers and protectors. Scuba photographers have the unique opportunity to educate the public about the ocean's beauty and diversity through the images they capture. These photographs can be used by educators, students, and researchers to raise awareness about ocean conservation and the negative effects that human activities have on marine ecosystems. Photographers, teachers, students, and researchers all have a role to play in protecting the ocean from deterioration, and their combined efforts will be more effective if they focus on specific threats to the ocean and how to mitigate them.

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Resource – 4 Ocean protect “Marine Pollution - One Ocean.” One Ocean , www.oceanprotect.org/resources/issue- briefs/marine-pollution . This article explain how Pollutants in the water, especially chemicals, pose a threat to marine life and ecosystems. Industrial and agricultural processes, wastewater treatment facilities, and urban runoff are just some of the many potential origins of chemical pollutants. Fish, shellfish, and plankton can all be harmed if these chemicals make their way into the ocean via runoff and wastewater. They can also upset the delicate balance of marine ecosystems by changing the ratio of predators to prey. Wastewater is a pathway for these chemicals to reach the ocean, where they can have a negative impact on marine life. Some antibiotics, for instance, have been linked to the spread of bacteria with the ability to resist antibiotics in marine ecosystems. Reducing the amount of pollutants that make their way into the ocean is essential to solving the problem of chemical pollution in the sea. Reducing the use of pesticides and herbicides, properly disposing of hazardous waste, and encouraging sustainable practices in sectors like agriculture and manufacturing are all ways to get there.

Resource – 5 Surfrider “Personal Actions to Stop Sewage Pollution in Your Community.” Surfrider Foundation , www.surfrider.org/coastal-blog/entry/personal-actions-to-stop-sewage-pollution-in-your- community . Untreated wastewater and sewage can be major contributors to water pollution and pose serious threats to human and environmental health. Sewage in rivers, lakes, and oceans can be contaminated if wastewater treatment facilities aren't properly maintained and upgraded on a regular basis. Sewage that ends up in the ocean can contaminate the water with bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that can make people sick. In addition, it poses a threat to marine life, which can disrupt ecosystems and the food web. Sewage in the ocean can promote the expansion of toxic algal blooms, leading to fish kills and additional water quality problems. Sewage treatment plants must be regularly serviced and upgraded to keep it from leaking into the ocean and contaminating marine life. Pollutants should be kept out of the wastewater system in the first place by instituting waste-reduction, -reuse, and -recycling policies and practices at the municipal and regional levels.

Resource – 6 “Fats, Used Cooking Oil and Grease | NC DEQ.” Fats, Used Cooking Oil and Grease | NC DEQ , deq.nc.gov/conservation/recycling/general-recycling-information/special-recyclables/fats-used- cooking-oil-and. FOG is an acronym that stands for fats, oils, and grease, and it is one of the most significant factors that leads to clogs and overflows in sewage systems. When FOG is flushed down the toilet, it can collect and become solid in the pipes, which can lead to obstructions and a decrease in the flow of wastewater. These clogs, if left unaddressed for an extended period of time, have the potential to result in sewage overflows, which is when untreated or partially treated sewage is released into nearby bodies of water like rivers, lakes, and oceans. As a result of the potential for the introduction of harmful bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens into the water, sewage overflows can have severe repercussions for both human and environmental health. They are also able to cause damage to aquatic ecosystems and habitats, as well as contribute to the growth of toxic algal blooms, which can result in the death of fish and further exacerbate existing problems with water quality.

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Resource – 7 SITNFlash. “Green Chemistry: Cutting Pollution at Its Source.” Science in the News , 12 Aug. 2013, https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2012/green-chemistry/ . Green chemistry refers to an approach to the design of chemical products and processes that reduces or eliminates the use of or generation of hazardous substances. Green chemistry is also sometimes referred to as environmentally friendly chemistry. The development of more sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies that can minimize pollution and reduce the impact of chemical products and processes on human health and the environment is the goal of green chemistry. Green chemistry is also known as sustainable chemistry. In order to accomplish its goals, green chemistry makes use of guiding principles such as the development of safer chemical compounds, the reduction of waste, the utilization of renewable resources, and the enhancement of efficiency. This can be accomplished in a number of ways, including the redesign of chemical products and processes to use safer and more environmentally friendly materials, the improvement of manufacturing processes to reduce waste and energy use, and the development of new technologies and products that are less toxic and more environmentally friendly. Instead of relying solely on treatments at the end of the pipe to manage pollution, it is possible to reduce the amount of pollution generated at the source by incorporating the principles of green chemistry into the design of chemical products and processes. This makes it possible to manage pollution more effectively. This strategy has the potential to result in significant economic and environmental benefits, including lower energy consumption, lower waste generation, and improved worker safety.

Resource – 8 “Ocean Acidification.” Ocean Acidification | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , 1 Apr. 2020, www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/ocean-coasts/ocean-acidification The ocean becomes more acidic as a result of a process known as ocean acidification, which takes place when the ocean takes in an excessive amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The formation of carbonic acid as a result of CO2 dissolving in seawater results in a decrease in pH and an increase in the acidity of the water. This increase in acidity has the potential to have significant effects on marine life and ecosystems, including changes in the growth, reproduction, and survival of a great number of different species. The burning of fossil fuels, which results in the emission of significant quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, is the primary factor contributing to the acidification of the oceans. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, there has been a 30% increase in the ocean's acidity due to the ocean's ability to absorb approximately 25% of the CO2 emissions that are produced as a result of human activities. The reduction of carbon emissions is absolutely necessary in order to address the impacts of ocean acidification. This goal can be accomplished in a variety of ways, including making the switch to renewable sources of energy, increasing energy efficiency, and putting into place policies and practices that promote sustainable practices and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, there must be efforts made toward research and monitoring in order to acquire a deeper comprehension of the effects of ocean acidification and the development of strategies to counteract those effects.