Example Annotated Bibliography

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Oregon State University, Corvallis *

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Geography

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Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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Example Annotated Bibliography Citation Berg EE, Henry, JD Fastie, CL, De Volder, AD, and Matsuoka, SM. 2006. Spruce beetle outbreaks on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and Kluane National Park and Reserve, Yukon Territory: Relationships to summer temperatures and regional differences in disturbance regimes. For Ecol and Manag 227 : 219-232. Topic –Climate Change, Growth Release, Context Following a massive spruce beetle outbreak in the 1990 across western North America, there is a poor understanding of factors contributing to these outbreaks since they appear to be different from historic outbreaks (i.e. not a result of disturbance and extensive size). The objectives of this paper were to use dendrochronological reconstructions of spruce beetle outbreaks to 1) estimate the timing, magnitude and extent of spruce beetle outbreaks, 2) estimate the return interval of spruce beetle outbreaks, and 3) compare spruce beetle disturbance regimes between maritime Alaskan forests and interior Yukon Territory forests. Another objective was to test the hypothesis that the occurrence of regional outbreaks of spruce beetles in 1971-2003 were related to warm summer temperatures. Methods critical to this study were: 1) dendrochronological reconstruction of thinning events; 2) AIC model selection. Major results from this research include: 1. Many thinning events occurred over 200 years on the peninsula but not in the interior. 2. Outbreaks associated with warm summers and differed slightly between northern and southern peninsula. 3. Outbreaks were more likely in the north than the south. The last massive outbreak (this one is in the 1990s) was in the 1870s with subsequent growth release until the 1950s. Authors attribute fewer outbreaks in the interior to colder temperatures (too cold for beetles) and shorter fire return interval (trees smaller) than on the coast. They found evidence of an outbreak of similar magnitude to the current outbreak in the 1870s. Synopsis The current outbreak was within the normal range of variability for the peninsula but not for the inland. Increased temperature due to climate change could increase the susceptibility of these forests to spruce beetles. Availability of suitable trees limits the impact of summer temperature on beetle activity. Relevance: The article discusses important factors that influence spruce beetle outbreaks that could be similar to mountain pine beetles.

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