Olivia Walker Volcanism Assignment
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Feb 20, 2024
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ASSIGNMENT 2 – VOLCANISM and the PACIFIC NORTHWEST
Due Date: October 20, 2021 (11:59 PM, Kingston time)
Mark: /22
A few things to note:
use the space below the question to write your answer
save the file in Word format
; if you use Pages, be aware that the TA may not be able to open the file
include your name and/or student number in the file name
do not submit a handwritten assignment – typed text makes it easier for the TA Use the spaces below to answer the questions for the assignment. Don’t forget to answer all questions.
Stop 1. Mount St. Helens, Washington
Mark
1 What type of volcano is Mount St. Helens? (1 mark)
Stratovolcano (composite volcano)
2 Which series of cities were directly affected by the ashfall? (1
mark)
Yakima, Moscow, Missoula and Jackson
3 In which city affected by the ashfall would you expect the accumulated ash layer to be thickest? (1 mark)
Yakima
4 In which city affected by the ashfall would you expect the accumulated ash layer to be thinnest? (1 mark)
Jackson
5
At what velocity did the ash travel from Mount St. Helens to the city of Missoula, Montana? (2 marks)
(had to rearrange formula to solve for rate and not distance)
Rate = distance / time
= 687km / 7.21667hrs
= 95.2km/hr
6 Examine the image of the mountain via Google Maps and determine if the blast occurred on the north, south, east or west side of the mountain. (1 mark)
North side
7 What ‘evidence’ of the eruption can you observe in Spirit Lake? (1 mark)
The blast caused the areas around the lake to be stripped of soil and trees shwoing signs of destruction. 8 Describe how Earth scientists use seismology to monitor for volcanic activity. (2 marks)
Earth scientists use seismology to monitor for volcanic activity by provide warning to people who live near volcanos that may
be impacted by an eruption. Seismometers are out in the field recording and detecting all of the possible signs that magma may be moving towards the surface.
Stop 2. Mount Rainier, Washington
1 What type of volcano is Mount Rainier? (1 mark)
Stratovolcano (composite volcano)
2 What sort of volcanic hazard would you need to be concerned about if you lived in Carbonado, Washington? (1 mark)
Lahar
In 2 sentences, describe the volcanic hazard you chose. (2 marks)
Lahar is what you would need to be concerned with if you lived in Carbonado, Washington due to it being so close to Mount Rainier. Lahar is a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flows down the slopes of a volcano
and since Carbonado is so close, there is the threat that it will impact the city since it can travel at a speed of up to 100km/hr.
3
What location do you think the Orting’s citizens should evacuate to? Location 1 or Location 2? (1 mark) Explain why. (1 mark) I think the citizens would need to evacuate to location 2. Location 2 has a higher elevation than location 1 so if there was an eruption, the lahar would flow in a north-west direction but would has a less chance of reaching location 2 since its more north and on an incline, whereas location 1 is more in the way of the direction of flow and is not elevated to the point where they would be safe.
4
List 3 reasons why Mount Rainier is considered one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world. (3 marks)
1.
There is a great population of people around Mount Rainier which means if there was an eruption, there is a risk of a high amount of casualties
2.
The valleys on its slopes are ideal for lahar formation which travels at fast and high speeds
3.
There may not be any warning signs as it could erupt silently, causing people to be left in the dark and not given the right chance to evacuate
5
Which location would you pick? (1 mark) Auburn
Explain why. (1 mark)
Auburn does not have the Green River directly running through it so it’s chance of disaster striking from lahars flowing down the river and into the town are less. If you were to live in Puyallup, since it has the Green River flow right through it, you are at a much greater risk of lahar flow since the stream that runs through the town comes from Mount Rainier.
Would you need to worry about dying from a pyroclastic flow at either location? (1 mark)
You would definetly need to be worried if you lived in Puyallup since there is a stream that connects from Mount Rainier right into the town. If you lived in Auburn, your chances are much less, however, you would still need to be very cautious since pyroclastic flow can reach extremely high speeds.
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