Sculpting Earth's Topography Lab Practical on Flash Flooding

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Arizona State University *

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111

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Geography

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Feb 20, 2024

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Unit 3 Sculpting Earth's Topography: Lab Practical on Flash Flooding (2 points) Due No due date Points 2 Questions 4 Time Limit None Instructions Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 (https://asu.instructure.com/courses/172892/quizzes/1298473/history?version=1) 7 minutes 1 out of 2 Score for this quiz: 1 out of 2 Submitted Jan 22 at 11:44am This attempt took 7 minutes. This lab practical relates to the lecture on " In or Out (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Csgc6adNaE%20https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=wj7WnkgjhM0%20https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MChe0ltPdzQ) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Csgc6adNaE%20https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=wj7WnkgjhM0%20https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MChe0ltPdzQ) where this video just shows an example of a flash flood. They key is whether precipitation sinks into the ground or runs off. In particular, this question deals with the issue of materials with a low infiltration capacity (see slides 14, 17 and 19). Flash flooding occurs when the surrounding drainage basin has a low infiltration capacity. This means that water can be shed quickly into the channel. Flash flooding tends to happen more often in deserts and cities, but it can happen in any climate/vegetation with enough rainfall. Certainly, the most important point of this lab practical is to make you aware of just how fast waters can flood stream or even a normally dry desert wash. Sadly, there are lots of news stories about people who perished because they did not understand the basic science of flash flooding. Simply read the questions and select the best answer. 0 / 0.5 pts Question 1 This question relates to the lecture on fluvial processes (http://www.asu.edu/courses/gph111/BreezeLectures/29FluvialProcesses/29PublishFluvialProcesses/index.htm -- whether precipitation sinks into the ground or runs off. In particular, this question deals with
the issue of materials with a low infiltration capacity (see slide 11). For the question, you will need to watch a video about a flash flooding event captured in drone footage. https :// www . youtube .com/watch?v= MChe 0 ltPdzQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MChe0ltPdzQ) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MChe0ltPdzQ) In the study of rivers, a very common indicator that physical geographers measure is discharge (Q). Discharge is the amount of water that moves past a given cross-section of a river per second. The measurement in the USA is cubic feet per second. Width x depth x velocity allows you to calculate discharge. A good view of the flash flooding event can be seen when the floating log comes into view at 2:32 and the scene changes at 2:49. The distance traveled is about 75 feet. This gives you the information you need to calculate velocity (ft/sec). The depth of flow was about 1.8 feet, and the width of the flow was approximately 26 feet. What was the discharge of the flash flood (approximately) between 232 and 2:49 1920 f /sec You Answered You Answered You Answered You Answered 2 3510 f /sec 3 206 ft /sec Correct Answer Correct Answer Correct Answer Correct Answer 3 3510 f /sec 2 26 ft x 1.8 ft x 4.4 ft/sec = rounded to 206 ft /sec velocity is 4.4 ft/sec = 75 feet in 17 seconds = 75ft/17 seconds 3 0 / 0.5 pts Question 2 For this question, you will need to watch a video about a flash flooding event captured in 2013. Massive Flood Water in Vadi Fija Saudi Arabia (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hi8D_jz31ls)
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hi8D_jz31ls) In the study of rivers, a very common indicator that physical geographers measure is discharge (Q). Discharge is the amount of water that moves past a given cross-section of a river per second. The measurement in Saudi Arabia is cubic meters per second. Width x depth x velocity allows you to calculate discharge. Please fill in the blank with the best answer. At the height of this flash flood, velocity of the flood would have been _____________ with a width of 100 m, a depth of 4.5 m and a discharge of 1800 m /sec 3 4 m/sec Correct Answer Correct Answer Correct Answer Correct Answer 12 m/sec 12 ft/sec 8 m/sec You Answered You Answered You Answered You Answered 100 m x 4.5 m x 4 m/sec = 1800 m /sec 3 0.5 / 0.5 pts Question 3 For this question, you will need to watch a video about a flash flooding event captured in the summer of 2011 in Australia. Most amazing flash flooding footage ever (https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=cxAUoXTUtS8) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxAUoXTUtS8) As you watch the flood in progress, you can watch cars float away one-by-one. I hope that this gives you pause before you yourself consider driving across a flooded roadway. The topic here is how much running water does it take to make a SUV (sport utility vehicle) or pick-up truck to float away. Water weights 62.4 pounds per cubic foot. Given typical velocities of water running across sloped roadways, for each foot the water rises, about 500 pounds of lateral force is applied and the a typical vehicle volume displaces about 1500 pounds of water. This means that the car weights 1500 pounds less for each foot the water rises.
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A typical pickup truck weighs about 5000 pounds, while a Suburban weights about 5500 pounds. A car like a Civic weighs about 3000 pounds. QUESTION: what is the height of water needed to float a Civic (divide the weight by 1500)? About 2 feet of water Correct! Correct! Correct! Correct! About 4 feet of water About 0.5 feet of water About 1500 feet of water 3000 divided by 1500 comes to 2. You should expect to see your car (and perhaps your life) float down a river if you try to drive across in 2 feet of water. If you drive a heavier SUV or pick-up, keep in mind that other forces are coming into play to help float a vehicle away because there is a lot more space underneath the vehicle to promote turbulence. 0.5 / 0.5 pts Question 4 Watch this video clip (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y50dmIKvGic) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y50dmIKvGic) and listen to the interview with the person who filmed it. The flash flood led to a mudflow that trapped the individual being interviewed. In addition to the thunderstorm, what key factor promoted the flash flooding that you watched? A wildfire burn promoted the recorded flash flooding and mudflow. Correct! Correct! Correct! Correct! A major water main leaked and generated the recorded flash flooding and mudflow.
Bare rock slopes generated the recorded flash flooding and mudflow. A dam burst and generated the recorded flash flooding and mudflow. The individual being interviewed was correct. After a fire, flash flooding potentials jump. Fires decrease the infiltration capacity of slopes, shedding water more efficiently. Quiz Score: 1 out of 2