GES 1010 Lab1

GES1010 Physical Geography: Landforms NAME Lab 1 (30 pts) Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Read about the Geographic Grid – Latitude and Longitude – in Chapter 1 and at http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/2b.html Exercise 1: The Spherical Earth. Label the blanks on the diagram below with the letter that corresponds to the correct term in the following list: A. North Pole 90°N B. equator 0° C. angle of latitude D. angle of longitude E. prime meridian F. International Date Line G. northern hemisphere H. southern hemisphere I. eastern hemisphere J. western hemisphere K. South Pole 90°S Lab 1: Introduction to Earth - Page 1 of 8 E I J F A B K H G D C

GES1010 Physical Geography: Landforms NAME Exercise 2: Latitude and Longitude. Part I: Using a globe or atlas (you may use https://www.mapcoordinates.net/en or Google Maps ), determine the latitude and longitude (to the nearest degree) of the following locations. Record North or South for latitude and East or West for longitude. Negative sign ( “-“ ) before the number means that it is Southern for latitude and Western for longitude. Location Latitude Longitude Colorado Springs, Colorado 39 o N -105 o W Portland, Maine 43 o N -70 o W Sydney, Australia -34 o S 151 o E Reykjavik, Iceland 64 o N -22 o W Lima, Peru -12 o S -76 o W Damascus, Syria 34 o N 36 o E Part II: Using a globe or atlas, determine the major city represented by the following coordinates Location Latitude Longitude Woodland Park, Colorado 39 o N 105 o W Honolulu, Hawaii 21 o N 158 o W Tokyo, Japan 36 o N 140 o E Barcelona, Spain 41 o N 2 o E Cape Town, South Africa 33 o S 18 o E Wellington, New Zealand 41 o S 175 o E Lab 1: Introduction to Earth - Page 2 of 8

GES1010 Physical Geography: Landforms NAME Part II: Geography review. 1. On the map below label the US states without using a map, atlas or other resource. 2. On the same map use a different color pen and label the states (using an atlas, globe or other resource). Lab 1: Introduction to Earth - Page 4 of 8 Maryland Delaware New Jersey Connecticut Rhode Island Massachusetts Vermont New Hampshire Pennsylvania New York Maine W. Virginia Virginia Ohio Indiana Illinois Wisconsin Michigan Kentucky North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Georgia Alabama Mississippi Florida Louisiana Arkansas Missouri Iowa Minnesota Oklahoma Kansas Nebraska South Dakota North Dakota Texas New Mexico Arizona Colorado Utah Wyoming Montana Hawaii Alaska Nevada California Idaho Oregon Washington

GES1010 Physical Geography: Landforms NAME Exercise 4: Conversions – using the chart below, complete the following problems. Conversion from S.I. to English units 1 cm = .394 inches cm X 0.394 = inches 1 m = 100 cm 1m = 3.281 feet m X 3.281 = feet 1 km = 1000m 1 km = 0.621 miles km X 0.621 = miles 1 liter = 1.057 quarts liters X 1.057 1 kg = 1000g 1 g = 0.035 ounces g X 0.035 = ounces 1 kg = 2.205 lbs kg X 2.205 = lbs ( o C X 1.8) + 32 = o F Conversion from English to S.I. units 1 inch = 2.54 cm inches X 2.54 = cm 1 ft = 12 inches 1 ft = 0.305 meter ft X 0.305 = meters 1 mile = 5,280 ft 1 mile = 1.609 km miles X 1.609 = km 1 gallon = 3.78 liters gallons X 3.78 = liters 1lb = 16 ounces 1 ounce = 28.350 g ounce X 28.350 = g 1 lb = 0.454 kg lbs X 0.454 = kg 1 gallon = 4 quarts ( o F -32) / 1.8 = o C Part I: From English to S. I. units 1. 40 miles to km: 64.36 2. 31 quarts to liters: 29.328 3. 4.1 gallons to liters: 15.498 4. 161 lbs to kgs: 73.094 5. 20 o F to o C: -6.67 6. 85 o F to o C: 29.44 Part II: From S. I. to English units 1. 90 km to miles: 55.89 2. 2,976,000 cm to feet: 97642.56 3. 16 liters to quarts: 16.9 4. 215 kg to lbs: 473.99 5. -15 o C to o F: 5 6. 41 o C to o F: 105.8 Part III: Other Conversions 1. 78,250 inches to miles: 1.23 2. 9,456 feet to miles: 1.79 3. 1.4 miles to feet: 7392 4. 1 mile to inches: 63360 Lab 1: Introduction to Earth - Page 5 of 8

GES1010 Physical Geography: Landforms NAME Part II: Seasons, continued. Based on the above Earth’s Season figure showing the Earth-Sun relations and the “Earth-Sun Relations and the Seasons” section in Chapter 1 of your textbook, answer the following questions for 21 December 1. At what latitude do the vertical rays hit? On December 21st, the Tropic of Capricorn at 23.5° South latitude receives the vertical rays of the sun. 2. Which hemisphere is experiencing winter? Why? The Northern Hemisphere experiences winter because it is tilted away from the sun, resulting in shorter days and lower sun angles, which provide less energy and cooler temperatures. 3. Which hemisphere is experiencing summer? Why? The Southern Hemisphere is experiencing summer because it is tilted towards the sun, leading to longer days, higher sun angles, and more direct solar radiation, which causes warmer temperatures. 4. Why does the equator experience equal day and night? The equator experiences equal day and night throughout the year because it is situated in the middle of the Earth's hemispheres and the tilt of the Earth does not significantly affect the duration of daylight. 5. What happens to day length as you go north from the equator? As you go north from the equator on December 21st, day length decreases until you reach the Arctic Circle, where there is complete darkness for 24 hours. 6. What happens as you go south from the equator? As you go south from the equator, day length increases until you reach the Antarctic Circle, where there is 24 hours of daylight. 7. What latitudes experience 24-hour day light? Latitudes experiencing 24-hour daylight on December 21st are those at or above the Antarctic Circle which are - 66.5° South latitude and beyond. 8. What latitudes experience 24 hours of darkness? Latitudes experiencing 24 hours of darkness are those at or above the Arctic Circle which are 66.5° North latitude and beyond. Lab 1: Introduction to Earth - Page 7 of 8

GES1010 Physical Geography: Landforms NAME Part III: Earth Viewer Web Link. Go to the following web site: http://www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/vplanet.html At the Earth Viewer site, click on the map of the Earth link. There you should see a real-time satellite image of the earth. (a) What is the current day and local (Colorado Springs) time: (b) Is Colorado in the light or dark in the image? (c) Is it day or night in the following locations: (1) Europe: (2) Africa: (3) South America: (4) India: (5) Alaska: (6) Greenland: (7) Panama Canal: (8) Tokyo: (9) Atlantic Ocean: (d) Describe the path of the Circle of Illumination . What continents/countries/oceans does it pass through at this very moment? Lab 1: Introduction to Earth - Page 8 of 8