Quiz Answers
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OCS 2005 Quiz and Reading Questions
Module 1 Quiz
1.
When you tell your friends you are taking a class on ocean science, they exclaim “Don’t we already know everything about the ocean? Why would you want to study it?” Fortunately, you know there are several new frontiers of marine science from which you expect to see new discoveries in the near future. Which of the following is an area of promising new research?
A: Marine biomedicine, many promising medicinal compounds have been found in the sea
A: Deep sea mineral mining an inevitable new way to harvest resources from the Gulf that will require research and monitoring
A: Climate adaptation; the coastal Guld will be a hot spot for coastal restoration and human climate migration
2.
Which of the following were advances from the age of electronics that improved or enabled research endeavors?
A: Improvements in underwater acoustics were used to understand the depth of the ocean. A: Remotely operated vehicles were used to investigate the deep sea
3.
In which sea or Bay is surrounded by China Vietnam Malaysia and the Philippines?
A: South China Sea
4.
The following events describe parts of history of the formation of Chesapeake Bay sort the events in geological time
(4) Rising sea levels flood the river valley
(1) A meteor collides with the earth and forms a crater
(3) Rivers carve a deep canyon during a low stage in sea level
(2) River valleys converge to form one massive river valley
5.
And oceanography why do we measure sea surface height to understand currents?
A: see for surface height temperature and prevailing winds can be plugged into physical ocean models to estimate currents
A: pressure and therefore juice traffic currents can be calculated from sea surface height because geostrophic currents follow lines of constant pressure
A: it is easier to measure the sea surface height since it can be done through remote sensing satellites which will allow complete aerial coverage
6.
After World War 2 fisheries for shrimp and Manhattan expanded dramatically due to what technology?
A: refrigeration
7.
Which of the following is the definition of an estuary?
A: a marine ecosystem where freshwater meets saltwater
OCS 2005 Quiz and Reading Questions
8.
match the following coastal features to the blanks letters ABC D on this diagram
A: sound, lagoon, delta, fjord
9.
Match the following descriptions to the appropriate North Atlantic Gyre features below
A: Florida current
strong oceanic current flowing northward along eastern coast of Florida A: Loop Current
current in gulf of Mexico that bulges northward and forms eddies
A: North Atlantic current
Continuation of flow of warm water northeast towards Europe A: Gulf stream
Western boundary current begins offshore of cape Hatteras and flows past eastern Canada 10. True or false compared to core sediments fine sediments have very little poor space and therefore poor drainage capabilities
A: True
11. how do the currents make up the North Atlantic Gyre influence heat transfer in the Atlantic Ocean?
A: the Florida current and Gulfstream bring heat to the East Coast of North America
12. the Watson break mounds were built in stages that coincided with which phenomenon?
A: Periods of increased frequencies of ENSO events
13. what is the definition of sediments?
A: matter broken down by erosion and transported
14. true or false since the end of Gulf of Mexico sea floor spreading about 94 MA the location of the shoreline of the gulf has not changed
A: False
15. match the following facts the most appropriate subfield of oceanography
A: geological oceanography
calcium carbonate shells accumulate on the sea floor and overtime produce sediments that are rich in calcium
A: physical oceanography
during the crustaceous. The earth was much warmer and there was no ice covering the poles which resulted in a high sea level in shorelines that extended much further inland than they do today
A: biological oceanography
shallow tropical seas promote growth of shelled organisms such as coral clams and certain types of plankton
A: chemical oceanography
calcium is a nutrient and also helps the soil maintain a moisture balance in the correct salinity and acidity
OCS 2005 Quiz and Reading Questions
Module 2 Quiz
1.
Which of the following impact the movements of tides?
-
Title movements depends on geography as water sloshes back and forth in tidal basins
-
tides form because of the gravitational pull from the moon and sun
-
title form from the inertia of revolving around the center of the earth moon or earth sun
system
2.
How has delta switching influenced the formation of the Louisiana coastline?
-
As the river changed course the natural flow of fresh water and sediment resulted in periods of land building and land loss in different areas of the delta
3.
What is the ultimate goal of a typical environmental lawsuit?
-
To force legislators to change laws to address an environmental issue
-
To pause an activity to take a closer look in the courts
4.
Ocean waves occur as a balance between...
-
Gravity and a sea surface disturbance
5.
A fjord would have what type of estuarine circulation pattern?
-
Highly stratified
6.
True or false large differences in temperature or salinity between 2 water masses will prevent them from mixing.
-
True
7.
How does a seawall accelerate coastal erosion?
-
The steep profile causes waves to break as they hit the wall causing water to overtop the
structure in a road to the other side
-
after hitting the wall the water returns along the bottom of the structure scouring sediment and eroding the foot of the wall
8.
True or false waves move energy long distances across the ocean surface water parcels themselves mostly move in relatively small orbit staying mostly in place.
-
True
9.
In the northern Gulf of Mexico why does the average sea level change seasonally?
-
River discharge goes through seasonal cycles with highest discharge in the spring and lowest discharge in the fall.
-
A persistent coastal high pressure system in the winter lowers the water level and a coastal low pressure system in the summer raises the water level
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OCS 2005 Quiz and Reading Questions
10. Match the following diagrams of steering circulation patterns to the appropriate name for the estuarine circulation pattern
Highly stratified estuary
Salt wedge estuary
Partially mixed estuary
Well mixed estuary
OCS 2005 Quiz and Reading Questions
11. A bird's foot delta is a classic elongate delta that is dominated by which of the following forces?
-
River flow
12. True or False small mobile crabs and trample often migrate out of the marsh to avoid dangerous tidal flooding.
-
False
13. Which of the following are typical locations where sediment tends to be deposited in a riverine system?
-
Over a shallow region of the river itself
-
Over a shallow flat like a floodplain
-
At the delta where the flowing river meets standing water and slows
14. What is a delta?
-
A delta is a wetland that forms as a river empties its water and sediment into another body of water or rarely onto dry land
15. Which of the following are types of flooding?
-
Tidal flooding
-
Flash flooding
-
Storm surge flooding
OCS 2005 Quiz and Reading Questions
Reading Quiz 1
In chapter three of the book by Jack Davis he notes that the native karankawa people had a particular characteristic that contributed to their reputation as Barbarians and cannibals. What was this characteristic?
A: they had a foul odor because they wore a type of mosquito repellent made out of alligator fat
and shark oil.
In chapter three of the book by Jack Davis he describes the challenges of notification in the 1500s. How did navigators estimate the speed at which a ship was sailing at the time?
A: Ship travel speed was gauged by watching bubbles passing on the water surface.
From chapter three look by Jack Davis what did the native people encounter by cabeza de vaca used to make bread?
A: the starchy pulp of cattails was pounded and scraped from root masses to make bread.
In chapter two of the book by Jack Davis what is meant by the quote Christopher Columbus found the way to the new world but Ponce de Leon found the way back?
A: Ponce de Leon discovered the Gulf Stream which shaved time off the trip back across the Atlantic Ocean to Europe.
From the introduction of a book by Jack Davis why did the author Rachel Carson call the Gulf Stream an indigo flood?
A: The water of the Gulf Stream is a shade of or two darker than the surrounding water in part because it is full of drifting life such as plankton.
In chapter two of the book by Jack Davis he mentions how a hand drawn sketch of the Gulf of Mexico coastline one of the only things remaining from the expedition of Spanish conquistador and cartographer Alonso Alvarez de Pineda solved 2 mysteries - what were they?
A: The water north of Cuba was encircled by land therefore it was a gulf
A: Ponce de leons Florida island was actually a peninsula
in the introduction of the book by Jack Davis which of the following are mentioned as differences between the Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean Sea?
A: the Mediterranean Sea is younger than the Gulf of Mexico
A: the shores of the Mediterranean are lined with cliffs while the shores of the Gulf of Mexico have hardly a rock nor anything taller than a sand dune
A: the waters of the Mediterranean Sea are blue while the waters of the Gulf of Mexico have a more greenish blue
In chapter one of the book by Jack Davis he explains that ethnologist frank Hamilton Cushing unearthed many ceremonial masks and carvings in one of the most exciting finds of American archaeology what happened to those artifacts after they were recovered?
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A: the wooden objects well preserved in the absence of oxygen began rapidly degrading and lost their color quickly when exposed to air
in the prologue of the book by Jack Davis he states that the painting by Winslow Homer called shell heap displays an intimate and vital connection linking humankind nature and history why is
it important to consider humankind in history when we learn about natural science?
A: the coast is a key player in human history and progress and humans modify the natural characteristics of the coast to suit their needs
from the introduction of the book by Jack Davis who produced the first evidence of the geological origin of the Gulf of Mexico?
A: early 20th century oil hunters who documented a physical record of rifting and connection to Pangea’s breakup
in chapter two of the book by Jack Davis which of the following statements are true about Ponce de Leon's association with the fountain of youth legend?
A: the legend Ponce de Leon and the fountain of youth was first advanced by early chroniclers and given immortality by famous authors and the Florida tourism industry
A: the legend was posthumously associated with ponce DeLeon he was not actually searching for a fountain of youth he was chartered to search for silver and gold and to enslave native people
In chapter of the book by Jack Davis he mentions that when DeSoto’s gold expedition sailed away from the northern shore of the Gulf of Mexico on rafts they discovered a different type of valuable material what did they discover?
A: Tar balls evidence of oil production beneath the waves
in chapter one of the book by Jack Davis he states that the colusa were wise to natural conditions when they built their dwellings which of the following are examples of this wisdom given in the assigned text?
A: they built their houses on high ground to avoid flooding
A: they built houses on the mainland side of the islands to shelter from storms
in chapter one of the book by Jack Davis he states that unlike many indigenous people that used
materials of terrestrial origin to create tools and art the native people of the great coast use items that were more common in their surroundings items from the gulf. Which of the following
are examples of this mentioned in the book?
A: Shells were used as diapers spoons bowls hammers ALS and digging/hacking tools
A: fishing Nets made of woven palm fiber were weighted with pierced clamshells.
A: Warriors armed themselves with Spears made of alligator bones fish bones and Stingray spines.
OCS 2005 Quiz and Reading Questions
Reading Quiz 2
From chapter five of the book by Jack Davis where could live oaks be found along the Gulf Coast
prior to impacts from the American timber industry and coastal development?
A: And mostly fresh coastal hammocks where they put down deep roots to weather storms and help build the high ground with their leaf fall
True or false: as mentioned in chapter five of the book by Jack Davis the Louisiana purchase was
especially enticing with the inclusion of New Orleans and the US control of the Mississippi River that would result from American occupation of that gateway city
A: true
in chapter four of the book by Jack Davis the surveyor Thomas Hutchins warned of a hazard to navigation at the mouth of the Pascagoula river what was it?
A: An oyster reef that was an astonishing 4 miles long
in chapter four of the book by Jack Davis he describes how the British changed the hunting and trading habits of the indigenous peoples which of the following contributed to these changes?
A: the British uninterested in ocean resources maintained a strong demand for pelts and meat of land animals the natives over harvested these creatures to meet the demand
A: crippling pressures of disease and encroachment broke down the existing trading structure that had existed among aboriginal cultures before European contact leaving the British the only viable trading partners for the native people
in chapter 4 of Jack Davis book he mentions that when La Salle was looking for a place to create a settlement on the Gulf Coast so much dependent on geography which aspects of the geography made Biloxi Bay attractive to settle
A: Depths to allow passage of ships
A: pine forest for timber to build structures
A: access to freshwater streams and natural springs
A: a lookout view to watch for approaching Spanish ships
from chapter five of the book by Jack Davis early surveyors noted a change in the plant assemblage change of South of Tampa FL how is this environment difference from the Gulf of Mexico coastal conditions?
A: The land South of Tampa has milder winters which allows for tropical species like coconut palms and orchids to thrive
in chapter four of the book by Jack Davis he describes how surveyor and settler Bernard Romans
was covetous of the noble and fruitful country inhabited by the indigenous people what was the
cause of his envy?
A: A subterranean limestone structure created millions of years ago when the area was a shallow sea that held an immense aquifer which supplied many freshwater springs and fueled fertile soil
OCS 2005 Quiz and Reading Questions
in chapter four of the book you learned that Pierre le Moyne Sieur d’Iberville, finally identified the correct location of the mouth of the Mississippi in 1698. What piece of evidence let him know he was in the correct place?
A: he came upon a rush of fresh water carrying dead trees and other vegetation
from chapter 5 which of the following are reasons why the US coast survey emerged in the mid 1800s as one of the federal government's largest agencies in the countries most important organization of science
A: Alexander Bach was a stickler for high scientific standards which likely contributed to the value of the maps produced by the US coast survey
A: marine chronometers had become practical and affordable by that point in time allowing the coast survey to plot lines that did not exist on earlier maps and to reduce the hazards of sailing
A: mapping America's new coastline on the upper gulf and the civil war was akin to stalking out of claim on the sea of the country's southern border
in chapter 4 navigation in shallow gulf waters around the Florida Keys was described by Bernard Romans as Maisie or maize like which of the following contributed to the tricky navigation in these waters?
A: Ships could run aground on sandy Shoals miles out from shore
A: massive oyster reefs were major hazards as they sometimes stretched for miles
in chapter 4 you learned about how the Spanish sailed right into the mouth of the Mississippi River but didn't realize they were in the river what was the reason for this error?
A: The mouth of the Mississippi River is a large muddy delta with around 5 distributaries connecting to the sea
A: from la salles earlier maps they thought the Mississippi River was farther to the West in Texas
A: La Salle had some years earlier drawn the Mississippi River mouth as a large Bay so the Spanish were not searching for a delta
A: a large muddy freshwater plume extends far beyond the mouth of the river concealing its location from chapter 5 what are some characteristics of a low energy coast?
A: Continental shelf rises up gently to a surfless edge
A: the shoreline is characterized by grassy coastal marsh
A: the current is too mild to carry much sand for beach and dune making
in chapter 4 what is lasalle's grand hoax
A: La Salle misplaced the mouth of the Mississippi River instructing cartographers to draw at 400 miles to the West along the coast of Texas
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OCS 2005 Quiz and Reading Questions
in chapter 5 confederate leaders in charge of defending an attack from the South used natural features to protect themselves from encroaching enemy ships during the civil war how did natural features of the Mississippi delta help turn the tide?
A: Springtime river flooding permitted union ships to enter otherwise shallow passes through the delta allowing union forces to capture New Orleans and gain control of the Mississippi River in chapter 5 Jack Davis described several aspects of the coast that make coastal survey work very difficult for the British which of the following is not a difficulty mentioned in the text?
A: Alligators posed a real threat to surveyors and caused the death of at least a few assistants