GLY 108 MODULE 3
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Eastern Kentucky University *
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108
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Geography
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Feb 20, 2024
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docx
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Alyssa Wright
GLY 108
Module 3 Questions
Give examples of four significant and active earthquake zones in North America. Tell what type of fault characterizes each zone and what kind of earthquake activity is typical for each zone (2)
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Wasatch Front of Utah: a normal fault that generally breaks in shorter segments, producing smaller earthquakes.
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San Andreas Fault: a continental transform fault that could generate a giant earthquake; shorter segments commonly break at different times, causing smaller earthquakes. ★
Pacific Northwest Fault: Cascadia subduction zone, which generates giant earthquakes and could generate tsunamis. ★
New Madrid, Missouri: intraplate earthquake territory that has not had a large earthquake since the 1800s but could have an enormous earthquake capable of causing a major natural catastrophe.
In what sequence do different types of earthquake waves occur? (4)
The direct P wave arrives first because its path is through the higher-speed, dense rocks deeper in the earth. The different S waves arrive after the P waves.
Which type or types of earthquake wave move through the mantle of the Earth? (5)
P waves can penetrate the mantle and core, but S waves can only travel through the mantle.
Which type of earthquake waves shake with the largest amplitudes? (6)
Surface waves are larger in amplitude and longer in duration than body waves. The two different surface waves are Rayleigh waves, or "ground roll”.
What is the difference between the focus of an earthquake and its epicenter? (8)
The epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. Focus is the location on the Earth where the earthquake starts.
How is the distance to an earthquake epicenter determined? (9)
The time difference between the arrival of the P and S waves to estimate the distance from the earthquake
to the station. Measure the distance between the first P wave and the first S wave. What does the Richter Magnitude Scale measure? (10)
The Richter scale is used to rate the magnitude of an earthquake, that is the amount of energy released during an earthquake. On a seismogram, how much higher is ground motion from a magnitude 7 earthquake than a magnitude 6 earthquake? (11)
The Richter Scale follows logarithmic, meaning each unit up on the scale equals a 10-fold increase in amplitude. A 7.0 earthquake is 10 times stronger than a 6.0 earthquake.
Name three factors that help determine the strength of shaking during an earthquake. What combination of factors would produce the most intense shaking? (12)
Alyssa Wright
GLY 108
Module 3 Questions
Depth of the earthquake, distance from the fault, soil conditions, and building features, like height. The most intense shaking occurs with shallow, close earthquakes, on soft soil, in tall buildings.
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