Copy of GS108 Lab 1 OOI Collection of Marine Data.docx

GS 108 LAB 1 – THE COLLECTION OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA (~2 hours) Purpose In this lab you will look at some of the different ways that oceanographic data are collected. These data help oceanographers make decisions on questions like “When are conditions optimal for fishing?” “When will waves become extreme and thus potentially be dangerous?” or “How is climate change affecting the ocean?” These questions will not be answered in this lab, but instead you will learn about the data collection tools that oceanographers use to answer such questions. Learning Objectives ● Recognize several of the common sensors and platforms used to collect data about the oceans ● Locate oceanographic arrays on a world map by latitude, longitude, and ocean basin name. ● Determine latitude and longitude for locations ● Identify tools used in examples of scientific research Tasks This lab has four parts: ● In part 1, you will learn about how data about the ocean are collected from the Ocean Observing Initiative (OOI). ● In part 2, you will learn about the geography of the oceans and land masses, by looking at where OOI arrays are located. ● In part 3, you will learn about latitude and longitude. ● In part 3, you will learn about the types of questions oceanographers might ask. You will need to navigate to https://datalab.marine.rutgers.edu/ooi-lab-exercises/lab-1-the-collection-of-oceanographic-data/ The readings, maps, data, and questions needed to complete the lab are found at this site. Please record your answers in a colored font to the activities in the textboxes in the following pages. Save your work as a PDF (by selecting File →Download→ PDF) and submit it to Moodle by Sunday at 11:59 p.m. Criteria You will be graded using a rubric that assesses how you have met the learning objectives above. The rubric is in Moodle. Complete the lab and use this form as your answer sheet. Type answers in the Text boxes which will expand as you type in them

Lab 1.1 HOW ARE THE DATA ABOUT THE OCEAN COLLECTED? 1. Which instrument measures the intensity of an earthquake or the shaking of the Earth? The instrument that measures the intensity of an earthquake is called a seismometer. 2. If you want to study life on the bottom of the ocean and need to observe a squid for a long period of time, but have limited funds, would you use an HOV or ROV? Explain why you chose your answer. If I were to observe a squid I would use ROV. The reason why I would use this one over HOV is because with the ROV it drives itself. There isn’t a person driving it so there are lower chances of someone getting hurt. The robot can stay at the bottom for a longer period of time. It is also a more cost effective way to explore the ocean. The robot also sends pictures that are clear. The ROV is overall a better choice when it comes to being down longer and costing less. 3. Explain the difference between a Telemetered versus Cabled Array. The difference between a telemetered versus cabled array is the cabled are deeper in the ground and further away from each other. The telemetered are closer together and not as far in the ground. The biggest difference is the way that their data is transmitted. The Cable array uses underwater cables to transmit that data to shore. The telemetered array data is transmitted to the top of the mooring and then telemetered through satellite to land where scientists can easily access it. 4. Which type of sensor can be deployed off a ship, can detect depth, salinity and temperature of the water and take discrete water samples at specific depths? The sensor type that can be deployed off a ship and can detect depth is called CTD. 5. Which type of platform would you use to monitor wind speed and wave height? The platform that I would use to monitor wind speed and wave height is Moorings. LAB 1.2 – WHERE ARE THE OOI ARRAYS LOCATED? 1. Complete the following table, identifying the ocean basin where each OOI array is located, the nearest land mass (state east or west side), and the nearest country, major city, or U.S. state. Array Ocean Basin Nearest Land Mass Papa Pacific Ocean West side of the U.S. closest to Washgton. Pioneer Atlantic Ocean North America Endurance Pacific Ocean North America Irminger Sea Arctic Ocean Greenland Southern Ocean Southern Ocean South America 2. In the seas around Greenland water sinks to the seafloor and, over the course of about 1000 years, travels throughout the deep ocean basins eventually reaching the North Pacific Ocean. a. What array is closest to the point where water sinks? The array closest to this point is the Global Irminger Sea array. b. What array is closest to the end of the 1,000-year circulation pattern?

5. What is the latitude and longitude of the Global Southern Ocean mooring in Fig. 1.3.6 ? Latitude: 54 Degrees S Longitude: 89 Degrees W 6. What is the latitude and longitude of the Global Irminger Sea mooring in Fig 1.3.7 ? Latitude: 60 degrees N Longitude: 39.5 degrees W 7. What is the latitude and longitude of the Coastal Pioneer surface mooring in Fig. 1.3.8 ? Latitude: 44.5 degrees N Longitude: 124.5 degrees W 8. In figure 1.3.9, how many degrees or minutes is each tick mark or graticule for latitude and for longitude? For longitude the degrees are every 2 and latitude is every one. 9. What is the latitude and longitude of the Coastal Endurance surface mooring in Fig 1.3.9 ? Latitude: 44.75 degree N Longitude: 124.33 degree W 10. What is the approximate range of latitude, to the nearest degree and minute only, that is covered by the mobile assets (represented by small airplane-looking icon on map) in the following diagram (Figure 1.3.10)? Range = difference between N/S latitude values in degrees Latitude Northern limit: 47 degree N Southern limit: 42.9 degree N Range in degrees: 4.1 degree 11. What is the farthest west longitude, to the nearest degree and minute only, that is covered by the mobile asset? (note: the dotted lines represent the tracks of the gliders). 126.1 degree W LAB 1.4 – OOI SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS 1. Describe the zooplankton behavior during the eclipse. The zooplankton’s behavior during the eclipse is interesting. The zooplankton hide when the sun comes out so they don’t get eaten. However, they come back up to the surface during the night. Now during an eclipse it is a little different. When the eclipse happens the zooplankton comes up. When the moon covers the sun it becomes dark for them to come out but when the moon is gone they go back into hiding. 2. The LA Times article mentioned that land animals experience a drop in air temperature during an eclipse. Why do scientists knowthe zooplankton reacted to light and not to a change in water temperature or some other factor? The scientist knows that the zooplankton reacted to the light because of the way they measured it. The recording shows that the zooplankton reacted right as the eclipse happened and then went right back after it was over.

3. The video and article both displayed a graph of zooplankton diel vertical migration data. What does the graph look like? What was the difference in appearance on the day of the eclipse compared to the day before the eclipse? Both the graphs on the videos and articles are very similar. They are heat graphs so it shows when the zooplankton move. The difference between the two in the do of the eclipse and not is that they come up in the morning. In the ones before we only see the zooplankton come up at night and go back during the day. The one with the eclipse shows them coming up when the eclipse happens and going back down when it is over. 4. In the previous Lab 1 activities, you have learned about other types of platforms and sensors. Pick one other platform or sensor and explain how it could be used to study zooplankton behavior or solar eclipses in general. Going back and looking at all of the platforms and sensors, the one I would use is AUVs. I would use this platform because it can be underwater for a long time and can collect data. There doesn’t have to be a ship nearby in order for it to work. The data is stored until the end of a dive and can be accessed easily.