Populations Jigsaw

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Nov 24, 2024

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FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION CHANGE: BY: Lilli, Zova, Meg, Raiqah, Marianna, Ashley, Trajan

Describe how natality, mortality and immigration affect a population.

Natalit y ● Birth rate of a population ● The natality is often the largest influence on a population’s rate of growth. Human Example ❖ Japan’s population is decreasing, their natality rate is 7.3 / 1000 people (Dooley, 2019). ❖ India’s population is growing, their natality rate is 17.4 / 1000 people (Macro Trends, 2021).

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Mortality ● Death rate of a population ● One of the four main factors that affects population growth (beside birth- rate, immigration and emigration) Mortality affects the rate of decrease in any given population and is necessary to keep balance in population growth as the rate of natality serves to increase the population. If the rate of mortality is higher than the rate of natality, then the population will begin to decrease. If the mortality rate is less than the rate of natality, then the population will begin to increase.

Immigration → When a species leaves their habitat and moves to a new one permanently it is known as immigration Example: Refugees fleeing war torn countries and coming to a new safer country Canada welcomes about 300,000 immigrants annually → Affects population in two ways: 1. Decreases the population of the habitat they came from 2. Increases the population of new habitat

Explain the difference between density-dependent and density-independent factors

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Density-Dependent Factors Density-Dependent Factor- a factor that is influenced by population density, having a greater impact at the population density increases - As the density of a population increases, the effects of density-dependent factors also increase - The magnitude of these factors is directly proportional to the size of the population & vice versa - Ex. as a prey population decreases in density, there will be fewer predators because the predators have fewer food resources, therefore, their population will also decrease Examples: ❖ Disease- increases when population increases because it can spread quicker and easier. Diseases can have catastrophic effects on a population as well as ecosystems ❖ Competition- can be intense when many individuals are competing for the same resources (food, water, space, & shelter) ❖ Predation- when one organism kills and eats another organism, is more competitive when the population density of the predators is high ❖ Parasitism- a parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets it food from or at the expense of its host. Parasites can influence the hosts behaviour which can regulate host population and have an effect on food webs, biodiversity, and key species. Therefore, parasites are integral components in shaping a community and ecosystem structure ❖ Space limitations- crowding affects the growth, size, and survival of individuals in a population

Density- Independent Factors ❖ Density independent factors - Any influences on a population’s birth or death rates, regardless of the population density ➢ Simply put, there are limiting factors that affect a population that aren’t related to density. ➢ These factors are often physical factors. ❖ Examples include: ➢ Natural disasters ➢ Weather problems ■ Eg. extreme temperatures ➢ Climate problems ■ Eg. droughts ➢ Human activity ■ Eg. Habitat destruction

Density Independent VS Density Dependent Density independent factor is unrelated to population size. For example natural disaster, hurricane, tornado, flood. Density dependent factor is a limiting factor of a population in which large and dense population is more affected than the small and less crowded ones. For example, predation, competition, food supply. Density independent factor is a limiting factor that affects all population regardless of their densities whereas density dependent factor only affect population when they reach a specific density.

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Questions: 1) What happens to the population if the natality rate is higher than the mortality rate? (The population increases) 2) What’s the difference between density dependent and independent factors? ( Density independent factor is a limiting factor that affects all population regardless of their densities whereas density dependent factor only affect population when they reach a specific density. ) 3) What effects does immigration have on population? (It increases the population of their new habitat and decreases the population of their old habitat).

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Populations Jigsaw

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