FIN 550 - Milestone Three - Capital Budgeting

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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550

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Jan 9, 2024

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1 | P a g e Milestone Three: Capital Budgeting Data Southern New Hampshire University FIN 550 – Corporate Financial Management October 29,2023 Capital Budgeting Data The project that I chose to analyze has an initial investment of $17 million, straight line depreciation is 20%, income tax rate is 20% and WACC is 5%.
2 | P a g e Initial Outlay CF1 CF2 CF3 CF4 CF5 ($17,000,000) Cash Flows (Sales) 4,390,000 $ 4,200,000 $ 4,500,000 $ 5,000,000 $ 4,700,000 $ - Operating Costs (excluding Depreciation) 700,000 $ 700,000 $ 225,000 $ 350,000 $ 400,000 $ - Depreciation Rate of 20% (5-Years) (3,400,000) $ (3,400,000) $ (3,400,000) $ (3,400,000) $ (3,400,000) $ Operating Income (EBIT) 290,000 $ 100,000 $ 875,000 $ 1,250,000 $ 900,000 $ - Income Tax (use 20%) 58,000 $ 20,000 $ 175,000 $ 250,000 $ 180,000 $ After-Tax EBIT 232,000 $ 80,000 $ 700,000 $ 1,000,000 $ 720,000 $ + Depreciation 3,400,000 $ 3,400,000 $ 3,400,000 $ 3,400,000 $ 3,400,000 $ Cash Flows ($17,000,000) 3,632,000 $ 3,480,000 $ 4,100,000 $ 4,400,000 $ 4,120,000 $ Select from drop- down: NPV $5,263.05 ACCEPT IRR 5.01% ACCEPT Capital budgeting is the financial process that is used by finance managers to evaluate potential long-term investments. During this process finance managers analyze and then determine whether an investment will increase the company’s profitability and if it aligns with the organization’s long-term objectives. In other words, the main goal of capital budgeting is to allocate resources to investments that will provide the best returns and create value for the company. (Srivastav, 2022) After taking a closer look at the numbers associated with this project, I noticed that cash flows start to increase on year 3 after the investment is implemented, meanwhile the operating costs decrease in year 3 and 4, but then they start to increase in year 5. To understand the true value of the investment we need to calculate the present value of expected cash flows, considering the time value of money. When an investment’s NPV is a positive number, the investment is expected to generate more cash than it costs, making it financially attractive. In our case, the project generates $5,263 more than the initial $17 million. Is it worth investing $17 million, only to generate $5K in value at the end of 5 years? That depends on the nature of the project and the long-term benefits that it has for the company. In this case the finance manager needs to decide if there are other projects that they could invest $17 million in and get better value from. If the project in discussion is only generating a value of $5K in the first 5 years but will continue to lower operating costs beyond the 5-year mark, then it is worth
3 | P a g e pursuing. “The internal rate of return is the annual rate of growth that an investment is expected to generate. IRR is calculated using the same concept as net present value (NPV), except it sets the NPV equal to zero. The goal of IRR is to identify the rate of discount, which makes the present value of the sum of annual nominal cash inflows equal to the initial net cash outlay for the investment. IRR is ideal for analyzing capital budgeting projects to understand and compare potential rates of annual return over time.” (Fernando, 2017) The IRR for our project is almost the same as the WACC 5%. An IRR equal to the company's WACC means that the project is expected to generate a return precisely equal to the cost of capital. In other words, the project is neither creating nor destroying value, and the decision to pursue this investment depends on other non-financial factors and the company's strategic goals. The difference between NPV and IRR is that NPV measures the dollar value added by an investment, while IRR signifies the rate at which the investment breaks even (NPV equals zero). Both measures are useful during an investment evaluation, but I would choose NPV when evaluating a potential investment. NPV provides a clearer answer especially when comparing multiple projects. A positive NPV indicates that the project is increasing in value, but a positive IRR does not necessarily show that the investment is increasing in value. Also, NPV allows for the incorporation of different financing structures and interest rates, but IRR assumes that the project's cash flows are independent of how it is financed. Lastly, in real-world scenarios, the actual rate at which cash flows can be reinvested is sometimes unknown. NPV allows for more flexibility in adjusting the discount rate to account for this uncertainty, making it a more practical choice in financial decision-making than IRR. (Team, 2023)
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4 | P a g e References: Ehrhardt, M. C., & Brigham, E. F. (2019). Corporate Finance: A Focused Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning US.  https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9781337910231
5 | P a g e Srivastav, A. (2022). Capital budgeting importance | list of top 10 reasons ... - wallstreetmojo. https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/capital-budgeting-importance/ Fernando, J. (2017). Internal Rate of Return (IRR) rule: Definition and example. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irr.asp Team, C. (2023, May 16). NPV vs Irr. Corporate Finance Institute. https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/valuation/npv-vs-irr/