Course2_Unit2_ST23_Questions

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BUS315

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Feb 20, 2024

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Exercise 2.1: S u U V u S o O V o S d D V d The V 0 of a derivative is the derivative’s expected future payoff discounted by using a risk- neutral probability. V 0 = (PV u +(1-P)V d )/(1+r f ) Exercise 2.2: A) The value of the tracking portfolio at T 0 = the value of the derivative at T 0 as long as D and B are correctly determined. V u = DS u + B(1+r f ) V d = DS d + B(1+r f ) V u - V d = D(S u - S d ) D = (V u - V d )/(S u - S d ) B = V u - DS u V 0 = D*S 0 + B*(1+r f ) B) The two result in the same value. Exercise 2.3: A) u = 1+0.35*SQ(2/1) = 1.699 d = 1/u = 0.588 P = (1+3%-0.588)/(1.699-0.588) = 0.442 1-P = 0.558 V = (0.442*1.699*147.06 + 0.558*0.588*147.06)/(1+3%) = $154.07 B) u = 1+0.4*SQ(2/1) = 1.799 d = 1/u = 0.556 P = (1+3%-0.556)/(1.799-0.556) = 0.474 1-P = 0.526 V = (0.474*1.799*147.06 + 0.526*0.556*147.06)/(1+3%) = $163.51
Exercise 2.4: $14 U $10-$14=$0 $12 O V o $9 D $10-$9=$1 R f = 3% pa $14/$12 = 1.1667 $9/$12 = 0.75 P = (1+3%-0.75)/(1.1667-0.75) P = 0.6719 1-P = 0.3281 V 0 = (0.6719*$0 + 0.3281*$1)/(1+3%) V 0 = 0.3185 Exercise 2.5: A) $14 U $14-$10=$4 $12 O V o $9 D $9-$10=$0 R f = 3% pa $14/$12 = 1.1667 $9/$12 = 0.75 P = (1+3%-0.75)/(1.1667-0.75)
P = 0.6719 1-P = 0.3281 V 0 = (0.6719*$4 + 0.3281*$0)/(1+3%) V 0 = 2.6093 B) The put-call parity formula gives us a relationship between call options, put options, the asset, and the risk-free rate. The formula is: C 0 – P 0 = S 0 – PV(K) For the formula to hold, the underlying asset, strike price, and expiration date all have to be the same for the call and put options. Since here the underlying is the same ($12), the strike price is the same ($10), and the expiration date is the same (1 year), it is, therefore, reasonable for the formula to hold. C) C 0 - 0.3185 = 12 – 10/(1+3%) C 0 = 2.6098 (due to rounding error)
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Exercise 2.6 (Data Case): A) Annualized standard deviation of returns = 19.59% (Done in Excel and rounded) Current price (S 0 ) = 4395.30 u = 1+0.1959 = 1.1959 d = 1-0.1959 = 0.8041 S u = 4395.30*1.1959 = 5256.34 S d = 4395.30*0.8041 = 3534.26 $5256.34 U $4395.30 O $3534.26 D B) P = (1+r-d)/(u-d) P = (1+0.03-0.8041)/(1.1959-0.8041) = 0.5766 1-P = 0.4234 C) V 0 = (0.5766*$5256.34 + 0.4234*$3534.26)/(1+3%) V 0 = $4395.35 D) C 0 -P 0 = S 0 -PV(K) C 0 = (0.5766*$5256.34 + 0.4234*$0)/(1+3%) C 0 = $2942.53 $2942.53-P 0 = $4395.30-($4395.35) P 0 = $2942.48 E) The initial cash flows are different. When you buy the put option you are paying something for it – it is a cash outflow equal to the price of the put. When you sell the forward contract, your initial cash flow is zero. If you sold the forward contract and the index price goes down below the price you sold the forward contract at, you will receive the difference between the two, making a profit. If you bought the put option and the index price goes down below the strike price, you would sell at the strike price and make a profit that way. The forward contract can cause a loss to the seller index price increases, and the put option limits the buyer's losses to the premium they pay for the option. The forward contract also has no initial cost, while you need to buy the put option up front.