STEM, Robotics, Coding, and Maker's Spaces Overview Template

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EDUC 730 STEM, R OBOTICS , C ODING , M AKER ’ S S PACES O VERVIEW T EMPLATE Shanay Y. Howard Stem has been a topic that has gradually increased in importance in the entire education system over the last ten years. Adding robotics, coding and the maker’s movement, new ways to educate and teach our students has evolved and has opened ways for students to learn through the fields of science, technology, engineering and math (Schrum & Sumerfiled). The authors of our text state, the maker movement refers to the recent wave of tech inspired, do-it yourself ( DIY) innovation sweeping the globe ( Schrum & Sumerfield, p.42). In addition to that, we learned from our movements makers use cheap, powerful and easy to use tools to create new physical objects( Schrum & Sumerfield). We even were able to watch this week a youtube video of an awesome young lady who is active as a maker. This movement along with STEM integration is truly advancing the way our students learn. STEM Stem is an integrated approach that helps students through the topics of science , technology, engineering and tecthnology (Schrum & Sumerfield, p.37). As time progresses, this particular field will continue to grow and has grown. Why is it significant? Page 1 of 9

EDUC 730 STEM is important not only to education and students but in the business world as well. STEM helps prepare future students for careers in the field of science, technology, engineering or math. According to our text, “ from 2014 to 2024, the number of STEM jobs will grow to 17% as compared to 12% for non STEM jobs ( Schrum & Sumerfield, p.8). STEM education teaches our students to be future innovaters by developing their critical thinking skills, science literacy and mathematics abilities. Additionally, the more our students know through STEM education the more likely they will contribute to the new ideas that come to past that will help sustain our society ( Engineering for Kids). What are the downsides and/or barriers and how might these be overcome? One of the biggest barriers in STEM education is that those teaching it may not be trained. The general needs of education have been met but with the introduction of STEM and the Maker Movements, individuals trained in this field are needed to help ensure the students are being taught properly ( Calis & Ergul, 2021). According to Calis & Ergul (2021), the STEM education model has become widespread. Roehrig, Moore, Wang and Park (2012) stated that the rapid development of technology in the 21st century caused changes in the workforce and needs in general. “Accordingly, the expectations of teachers and students changed ( Calis & Ergul, 2021).” Another barrier brought to light, is that of economical disadvantages between schools who may practice or want to practice STEM education. Hytten & Stemhagen (202), say that the consequences of neglecting civics, as well as all the skills and habits that go along with education for democratic citizenship are dire. We must ensure all needs of the students are met and realize, that as educators we differentiate our teaching accordingly. Page 2 of 9

EDUC 730 What ethical considerations and best practices for implementation have been identified? Making sure we understand our environment, budget and students is critical to the development of any STEM program but, more importantly it make sure we are meeting the needs of our students in the best equitable way possible (Hytten & Stemhagen, 2020). Where is it going in the future? As STEM progresses so will its technology and components. Our soceity is ever growing in this particular field area and have recently added coding and robotics to STEM. Also, in some areas STEM education is called STEAM (adding the Arts). As the field continues to grow their will be a continuous need for more qualified educators in this field ( Hyatten & Stemhagen, 2020). With the teacher shortage presently in 2023, this may prove difficult. Resources available in [Faifax, VA / Northern VA] and the surrounding area. https://www.engineeringforkids.com/northern-virginia/ This is a learning center that provides summer camps, afterschool programs and classes of kids in the areas of engineering, robotics, technology and coding. Robotics (in education) Robotics in education is the use of STEM teaching methods to produce basic cognitive thinking skills in math and science at an early age as well as computational thinking. Robotics also involves machine-human environment interaction which is huge (Science Direct). Accroding to an article by Science Direct, “ the roots of the Science Robotics can be found in Cybernetics as defined by Norbert Wiener in 1948 (Wiener, 1948) as a scientific study of Control and Communication in the animals and the machines Why is it significant? Page 3 of 9

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EDUC 730 Robotics is significant because it can teach critical leanring and thinking skills. It is also can improve the proficienly for STEM education. Robotics help build teamwork and improve communication skills ( https://cie.spacefoundation.org/7-benefits-of-robotics-for- students/#:~:text=Robotics%20Can%20Teach%20Critical%20Learning %20Skills&text=Students%20can%20come%20up%20with,their%20ability%20to %20form%20hypotheses .) What are the downsides and/or barriers and how might these be overcome? Equitable access to this component of STEM education is a major factor. As we read in our text, there are schools that actually have robotics teams in them (Schrum & Sumerfield) where as there are schools where the children will only read about Robotics and maybe problem solve imagining they had one. What ethical considerations and best practices for implementation have been identified? Implementing this particular topic through Science classes has been found successful and also in collobaration with other STEM methods (Evcim & Akay, 2018). Where is it going in the future? Robotics in education has been enabled by the increase in compute power, inexpensive memory, affordable sensors/manipulators and super-connectivity. “In other words the advances in technology facilitate this revolution(Science Direct).” Resources available in Fairfax, VA and the surrounding area. RoboThink Fairfax & Mclean Discovery Center- this center provides a fun approach to the STEM world including Robotics, Engineering and Coding. You are able to design and build robots in this program developing problem solving and critical thinking skills. Page 4 of 9

EDUC 730 https://www.myrobothink.com/fairfax/#:~:text=Welcome%20to%20RoboThink %20Fairfax%20%26%20McLean,the%20exciting%20world%20of%20STEM ! Coding (in education) According to our text, “ Coding is considered an essential element of computer science, STEM and the overaching goal of creativity ( Schrum & Sumerfield, p.9). Coding is essentially about thinking and putting into process a particular code that will require precision to get something to work ( Schrum & Sumerfield) Why is it significant? Coding involves learning and expanding basic logic ( Campbell, 2016). This is significant because it crosses over to other aspects of learning all together. The recent interest in coding and computer science in education has lead to a surge in programming being added to curriculums and students exploring a future in the field. According to the website learning.com, “C oding is also important for students because it helps to increase confidence. Because coding empowers students with applicable skills such as creativity, problem-solving and persistence, it also empowers them to more confidently face a variety of challenges and opportunities.” What are the downsides and/or barriers and how might these be overcome? This particular subjects has fewer barriers than others. It actually, “ supports digital equity. Digital equity is defined by having equal skills to access, choose and effectively use digital technology to find, evaluate, create and communicate information regardless of gender, socioeconomic status, background or other factors ( www.learning.com). With access to this particular portion of STEM learning, more Page 5 of 9

EDUC 730 students are confident in the field and tend to understand more in Stem through this component of coding. What ethical considerations and best practices for implementation have been identified? The implementation of coding is generally very accessable to all. According to our text, the latest revision of the Elementary and Secondary Act ( Called the every student succeeds Act) “passed in 2015, CS is named an essential part of the well rounded education subjects”(Schrum & Sumerfield, p.10). Because of this, a lot of best practices on implementation and intergration across the school systems exist and make it easier to incorporate in the day to day learning of students. Where is it going in the future? There is no limit on where coding can go in my opinion. As we advance in technology and more students learning computer science, the more will be created in coding and in STEM in generally. I am actually very excited to see how far we do go. With the introduction of AI, it is hard to imagine just how far we will go. We are so ahead now. Resources available in Fairfax, VA) and the surrounding area. CODE Ninjas- helps students learn coding and solve problems in an engaging and fun way. https://www.codeninjas.com/va-burke? utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=CT_Robotics_&utm_content =va- burke&gad=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjw9fqnBhDSARIsAHlcQYQyP_o9X_3a1lQeQFBXbUfF X9nBJEIKLu7SLYIjN2hjUZlfu1k74cQaAuQVEALw_wcB Maker’s Spaces Page 6 of 9

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EDUC 730 The maker movement’s roots can be traced to the founding of Make magazine in 2005 and the first Maker Faire in the United States in 2006 (Schad &Jones, 2019). Why is it significant? According to Schad & Jones(2019), “research suggests maker-centered learning activities may attract greater numbers of students to pursue opportunities in STEM content areas.” This is significant as it helps increase the intergration of STEM education into the schools and shows students there are additional approaches to the topics. What are the downsides and/or barriers and how might these be overcome? This movement, in my opinon, has less barriers than most due to the wide spread use of public libraries and school systems to introduce some level of this movement to their programs. With free access to try out certain aspects of the Makers movement, it gives the students and educators more of a level playing field. Still equity will arise as some areas just wont introduce this or have access to technology needed for the movement (Schad& Jones, 2019). What ethical considerations and best practices for implementation have been identified? This movement is becoming more clarly defined in the education but isn’t all the way there. As this is a new topic and source in STEM education, clear definied guidelines are not readily available everywhere (Schad & Jones, 2019). While there is research online and instructional videos, each educator or school district is responsible for the way Page 7 of 9

EDUC 730 of implementation in their schools. We to have to make sure with the new use of AI, that our students are actually interacting with the projects presented to them. Where is it going in the future? The sky is the limit for the makers movement. We have access to so much on the internet and the DIY culture has doubled since the pandemic. I think the more we sit down and actively learn and participate in this field the more it will grow because our minds are growing. Resources available in Fairfax, VA and the surrounding area. This is the Maker Lab @ Fairfax County Public Library- I love that this is offered because this is one of the few FREE Steam offerings for adults and students in the area. It allows for use of not only maker equipment but 3D printing , classes and so much more. They offer various classes at their libraries all over the county. https://research.fairfaxcounty.gov/c.php?g=1106963&p=8070798 Page 8 of 9

EDUC 730 References Bers. (2022). Beyond Coding: How Children Learn Human Values through Programming . Bajcsy. (2019). Robotics education today which might last students two or more decades. Annual Reviews in Control. , 47 , 193–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcontrol.2019.04.007 Calis, S. & Ergul, N.R. (2021). Investigation of teachers candidates’ skills in creating knowledge-based life problems based on STEM lesson plan and suggesting solution. European Journal of Physics Education, 12 (4), 1-26. Campbell, P.J. (2016). Coding for all? [Editorial]. The UMAP Journal, 37 (4), 333-337. Evcim, I. & Akcay, H. (2018). Middle school students’ ideas about aruduino education. Proceedings of the International Future-Learning conference on Innovations in Learning for the future: E-Learning , 166-168. Hytten, K. & Stemhagen,K. (2020). When STEM and STEAM really mean ABC: A democratic critique of “anything but civics” schools. Educational Studies,56 (1), 18-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131946.2019.1579720 Schad, & Jones, W. M. (2020). The Maker Movement and Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Journal of Research on Technology in Education. , 52 (1), 65– 78. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2019.1688739 Why is STEM Education so important? (2016) retrieved from https://www.engineeringforkids.com/about/news/2016/february/why-is-stem- education-so-important/#:~:text=STEM%20education%20creates%20critical %20thinkers,base%20in%20the%20STEM%20areas . 6 Reasons coding is important for students (20220 retrieved from https://www.learning.com/blog/6-reasons-coding-is-important-for-students/ #:~:text=Coding%20is%20also%20important%20for,variety%20of %20challenges%20and%20opportunities . Page 9 of 9

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