Lab 10 - Intro to Capacitors v3
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Algonquin College *
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9104
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Date
Apr 3, 2024
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docx
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ELN9104
Lab 10 – Introduction to Capacitors Purpose:
The purpose of this lab is to demonstrate how capacitors store and dissipate charge.
Material and Equipment:
2 x 1 kΩ resistors
1 x 100 µF capacitors
1 x 47 µF capacitor
2 x red LEDs
Jumper wire to use as switches
A multimeter that measures capacitance or an LRC meter
Procedure:
1.
Build schematic 1a C
1
and C
2
connected in series to each other. a.
Prior to building, measure each component and record the measurements in Table 1. You may need to use an RLC meter to measure the capacitor values. Table 1
Measured value
R
1
: 1 kΩ
999Ω
R
2
: 1 kΩ
998Ω
C
1
: 47 µF
C
2
: 100 µF
b.
With the power connected, close S1 only and notice what happens to LED 1. Did it flash?
c.
Open S1 and close S2 to discharge the capacitor and notice what happens to LED 2. Did it flash?
d.
Repeat steps (b) and (c) a few times to confirm your observations. Write your observations in Table 2.
R1
R1
Schematic 1a
Schematic 1b
R2
R2
C1
C1
ELN9104
Lab 10
Table 2
Step Observations with capacitors in series
b
Not turns on
c
Led 2 turns on for a second as capacitor discharge
e.
Why did LED 1 not stay on when S1 was closed and S2 was open? Explain.
f.
How come LED 2 was able to flash when S1 was open and S2 was closed? Explain.
g.
What happens when both S1 and S2 are closed? Explain.
h.
Make sure both capacitors have discharged by placing a jumper wire across both capacitors. Close S1 and keep S2 open. Measure the voltage across C
2
and C
3
. Record your values in Table 3. Table 3
Capacitor
Measured voltage
Calculated charge
C
2
3.22v
322u
C
3
1.59v
74.3u
2.
Modify your circuit by placing the second capacitor in parallel with the first capacitor (see Schematic 1b). a.
Repeat steps 1b) and 1c) with the capacitors in parallel and record your observations in Table 4. Were the LED’s able to stay on longer or shorter? Explain.
ELN9104
Lab 10
Table 4
C
2 in parallel with C
3
Observation
S
1
closed, S
2
open
Led are not turning on
S
1
open, S
2
closed
Led 2 turns on for a second as capacitor discharge
b.
Make sure both capacitors have discharged by opening S
1
and closing S
2
. Close S1 and measure the voltage across the parallel capacitors. Calculate the charge stored by each capacitor. Record your measured values in Table 5.
Table 5
Capacitor
Measured voltage
Calculated charge
C
2
6.03
603u
C
3
283.41u
3.
With C
1 and C
2
in parallel, replace the 12 V DC source with a signal generator. Close both S
1
and
S
2
. Set the signal generator to a
square wave
and set the amplitude to 5 V. Set the frequency to
10 Hz. 4.
Describe your observations.
Discussion Questions:
What do your observations tell you about capacitors in series versus capacitors in parallel? Explain.
Notice the difference in the LED pulses. If you don’t observe a noticeable difference, reduce
the frequency as low as the generator allows and look for changes. This demonstrates one
of the principal applications of large capacitors—that of filtering. Led 1 is started blinking and Led2 started but not blinking.
When its in parallel the charge increase.
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ELN9104
Lab 10
In step 4 you used an AC signal to power the circuit, explain why the second LED looks to be on and the first LED is flashing.
Conclusion:
Because capacitors are charging and discharging and providing power to Led 2 so the frequency in Led 2 is higher than frequency in Led 1 and that’s why it blinking.