2020 July ACT C01

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Kennesaw State University *

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C01

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English

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Apr 3, 2024

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Form CO1 ~(July 2020) 2019]2020 in response to your request for Test. Informatlon : Release" matenals this booklet contains the test | . questions, scoring keys, and conversion tables used in determmmg 'your ACT scores. Enclosed with this. booklet is a report that lists each of your answers, shows whether your answer was correct, and, if your 1 answer was not correct, gives the correct answer.: : > order a photocopy of your scanned ' doc ument—lncludmg, if you took the writing “test a copy of your written essay—please use the order form on the msude back cover of this: booklet ©2020 by ACT, Inc. All nghts reserved. NOTE: 3 al copyrighted property of ACT, Inc., and may not be copied, reprodu ffiemnse transferred without the prior expréss written permission of ACT, Inc. Vnolators of ACT’s copyrights ‘are subject to civil and criminal penalties.

12 = DIRECTIONS: In the five passages that follow, certain words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the right-hand columi, you will find alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded ~ most consistently with the style and tone of the passage as a whole. If you think the original version is best, choose “NO CHANGE.” In some cases, you W find.in the right-hand column a. question about the ur erhned part. You are to choose the best answer to the-q estion. _v,document. Read each passage through once before y ENGLISH TEST 45 Minutes—75 Questions You will also find questions about a section of the pas- sage, or about the passage as a whole. These questions’ do not refer to an underlined portion of the passage, but - rather are identified by a number or numbers in a box. For each question, choose the. alternative you consider best and fill in the correspondlng ‘oval on your answer . “that you have ‘read far enough a choose an alternative. PASSAGE 1 . A Mouthful of Music Mouth music is the name given in English to the many ways by imitating the sounds of musical instruments with the hurlnan voice. Forms of mouth mueic'are performed around the world, but the genre be1ng particularly popular in England Ireland, and Scotland In this Celtlc reglon lilting and jigging are two of the hvely names used to refer to this musical form. : Celtic mouth music exisi_s to accomp'a'ny‘k dancing, so the rhythms and sounds are - first-class and the words take a back seat. ; T . Instead of using traditional lyrics;.singers often produce nonsense syllables, called vocables to , 4 represent specific instrumental sounds, such as those of bagpipes or violins. The results are songs that rarely make literal sense but nevertheless flow in a way easier to dance to. s ACT-CO1 NO CHANGE with of at el T . NO CHANGE was.being e is = 'DELETE the underlined portion. 3. A. NO CHANGE B. more importantthan the lyrics. €. abigger deal than the words. D. way more vital than verse F. NOCHANGE' G. syllables called vocables, H. - syllables, called-vocables, J. syliables called, vocables, 5. A. NO CHANGE B. easily C. thatis easy D. DELETE the underlined portwn - GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

_ One Scottish form of mouth music, puirta-beul, is - performed entirely in the Gaelic language and ‘accompanies tradmonal dance steps. The often tongue tw1st1ng lyncs require much practice to perfect The greater challenge for many puirt-a-beul singers, though is learmng when to breathe. A poorly timed breath rmght break a song 8 flow, interrupting the steady beat it relies on to help 8 time their steps. E‘ Instraments were prohibitively expensive and thus scarce in isolated Scottish villages in order to fill 10 the void, mouth music emerged and prov1ded residents with the muswthey wanted for dancmg ‘Additionally, puirt-a-beul gave anyone whomever dldn t read music 11 a way to learn'and pass on traditional songs. ~The continuing popularity of Celtic ' mouth mus1c is testament to the v1ta11ty of them Tn the 1990s, groups like Mouth Music from Scotland and The Cranbemes from Ireland rose to fame exposing w1th audiences Celtic mouth music worldw1de 13 . ACT-CO1 " 6. If the writer were to delete the underlined portlon the sentence would primarily lose: . F. a description that emphas1zes the dlfficulty of puirt-a-beul. G. information about Wntmg lyncs for puirt-a-beul music. . 7 an indication of how often puirt-a-beul is per- formed in the Celtic culture. an example of a training exercise puirt-a-beul singers’use to practice lyrics. NO CHANGE at the same time, this time, still, =~ o NO CHANGE dancers rely they rely relied . ~EEE POwWpF 9. Given:that all the following statements are true, which . one, if added here, would ‘most effectively 1ntroduce the subject of the:paragraph? A. Puirt-a-beul was most llkely mvented out of - pecessity. . B. Mouth music singers must have a good sense of rhythm. C. Celtic mouth music, mcludmg pulrt-a-beul has influenced jazz scat singing. D. Another form of mouth music that ong1nated in - Scotland is the Waulkmg song. 10. E. NO _CHANGE_ G. villages and in H. villages. In J. villages, in 11. A, NO CHANGE B. which C. whom . D. who . 12. F. NO CHANGE G. this musical form.: H. itself. J. one. A. NO CHANGE . ‘ B. exposing audiences worldw1de to Celtic mouth music. C. for audiences worldwide exposmg Celtlc mouth music. D.: worldwide "exposing Celtic “mouth music to audiences. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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The bands’ celebrlty continually survives as they - 14 . combine traditional mouth music with modern rhythms. ' . - 15 15. Given that all the choices are accurate, Wthh one mos| effectively expresses the idea that the bands incorpo- “rate both classic Celtic music and current influences NO CHANGE still remains and catries on stays sticking around endures into their music? T A, B C. b NO CHANGE . continue to produce new music and release new ~ albums. put on concerts around the world. . singand dance on stage. PASSAGE Nl _ | Making the Desert Bloom - More than two thousand 'years ago, a people the Romans, called the Garamantes, created a cqmplex . 16 ) civilization in one of the world’s driest places—the Sahara Desert. Beginning around 500 BCE; they built towns and villages, cloth was manufactured there and jewelry, and j 17 ] traded throughout North Africa and the Mediterranean. They also gi'éw a variety of crops, including wheat, dates, palms, grapes, figs, and r_nelons. , The surv1val of their civilization depended on hundreds of rnlles of underground tunnels. These tunnels carried water to desert settlements from an aquifer, an underground water source, in the distan{ mountains. 19 The water ran through sloping, hand-dug tunnels 20 called foggaras, which could be as deep as one hundred thirty feet below grqund. These tunnels were connected to the surface by ventilation shafts every thirty feet or so. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. . o Siel e NO CHANGE Romans called the Garamantes, Romans called: the Garamantes Romans called the Garamantes NO CHANGE the manufacture of cloth took place manufactured cloth cloth If the writer were to delete the'p%écedmg sentence, the F. G. H. J.. paragraph would primarily lose a concludlng statement that: . suggests the Garamantes were successful farmers in that they grew a variety of crops. summarizes the 1nformat10n presented about the - Garamantes.. : ; indicates the- products that the- Garamantes 3 exported ‘to Rome. ‘takes the focus off the Garamantes and places 1t on the products they imported. Which choice provides new information to the essay? A. B. C. D. NO CHANGE . : upon which they depended. used by the Garamantes. a key to their survival. Which choice best indicates the method ‘used to build the tunnels? . F. G. H. J. NO CHANGE underground dimly lit desert GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

~ ‘When the tunnels reached a town or field, the water flowed: ~ into more easy accessible surface canals or réservoirs.~ S 21. A. NO CHANGE 21 S ‘ B. more easily . C. easier and D. easy and Having left no clues, archae'oldgists don’t know how - 22.F. NOCHANGE 2 _ ' Lo " G. A genuine puzzle to scientists, archaeologists the Garamantes learned to build foggaras. Other such H. Giving no indication, archaeologlsts " o ‘ L J. Archaeologists 'tunnéls exist in Iran, Algeria, Tunisia, and glsewhere. 7 Because the canals were underground, the iyéter they carried stayed clean and didn’t evaporate. And because the » - water came from an aquifer rather then from its rainfall, ’ _ 23. A. NO CHANGE oL ‘ 23 "~ B. than from the supply was unaffected by drought. The Garamantes. g %hen o _ v , by could of relied on a constant supply of water for drinking, 24. F. NO CHANGE ’ 2 . L ’ G. had to of relied H. couldrely . J. relies washing, and irrigation. Moreover, the co,ld, damp air of 25. A. NO CHANGE 23 » ‘ B. Nevertheless, the foggaras lowered the temperature inside the homes C. In contrast, ‘ . . , D. ‘Evenso, that were built over them, resulting in an ancient form of air-conditioning. ‘ o The Garamantes who thrived until about 500 CE, = - - ~ 26. F. NO CHANGE T ' I G. many ofwhom when some archaeologists believe they began to deplete - H. having o ’ , *J. DELETE the underlined portion. the aquifer. As the foggaras supplied less and less watér, 27. A. NO CHANGE - R P Cohmmmn : B. Astowhen ' C. Whereas D. Though ‘the Garamantes’ population declined, their civilization 28. F. NO CHANGE = R T R G. declined the: Garamantes®’ ntually collapsed. However, at least six hundred of H. declined. Their o Conto [ J.- dechnedthelr : cient foggaras survive. The stone mounds that mark : eir ventilation shafts are still vis.ifila in_What isnow: S southwestern Libya, where they’cénv be seen even now. 29, A NO CHANGE 29 B. “a place where visitors can see these amazing 51gns of an ancient civilization. C. the location that continues to present visitors with a view of these remnants of a time gone by. ~D. DELETE the underlined portlon dnd end the sen- ténce with a period. 5 © GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

Ques’uon 30 asks about the precedxng passage asa whole 30. Suppose the writer’s primary purpose had been to present information about a civilization’s efforts to overcome -a natural obstacle in order to survive. Would this essay accomplish that purpose? F. . Yes, because it describes the Garamantes’ method Yes, because it explains that the Garamantes traded ' throughout North Africa and the Mediterranean. of bringing water to an otherwise dry area, allow- ing the Garamantes to thrive there. PASSAGE liI 3 universe (fifty | tnlhon neutnnos pass. through your body ‘ 34 . every second) actually detectmg them is.a forrmdable 34 task. Neutrinos carry no electrical charge are practically Welghtless and travel at nearly the speed of hght Neutrinos are:rarely affected by matter or electromagnetrc fields. For this purpose, many neutrlnos ha.ve been 35 ' traveling through space ummpeded for bxlhons S of years. - acTicor @ { 35. No, because the foggaras were not naturally occur- : ring tunnels. J. No, because the foggaras ultrmately led to the downfall of the Gardmantes’ c1v1hzatlon ' - Neutrinos on Ice: At the IceCube Neutrino Observatory in Antarctica, eighty-six cables descend 2,500 meters down into the . 31. A. NO CHANGE B T B. down below glacial terrain. Each cable is equipped with sixty digital C. downwards . ' D. DELETE the underlined portlon optical modules (DOMs), which, are p'rogrammed, to. 32. K 4NO CHANGE , e , ; 32 . ' G. (DOMs), which are programmed _detect a faint blue flash known as Cherenkov radiation. H. (DOMs): which are programmed . . e T - : J. "(DOMs); which are programmed~ SRR This radiation: a veritable shiock wave of photonic . 33. A, NOCHANGE " s o ' B. radiation— energy—is emitted when subatomic panicles called C. radiation; D. radiation neutrinos collide with electrons in the molecules of ice. ' Although there-are countless neutrinos in the 34. If the wnter‘Were to -delete the underlined portion (adjusting the punctuation as needed), the essay would primarily lose information that: &;pm TOEP specifies why neutrinos are practically welghtless explains how neutrinos pass through matter. indicates why there are so many neutrinos. emphasizes how numerous neutrinos are. - NO CHANGE In contrast, Besides, In fact, GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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On some occasions however; neutrines do collide 36 . Teiocit i with other particles. _ Scientists specifically selected ' he IceCube Neutrino Observatory to facrhtate the detect1on of such a colhslon Not only is the Antarctlc subterranean 1ce"exceptronally clear, it is ,also 1ess, pressurrzed due to it’s subzero alutude These factors T3 mcrease the chance of DOMs detectmg the blue ﬂash that 51gn1fies a neutrino colli ‘"(;)Tnc,e thls detection occurs, data is gathered and transferred to laboratories - at the University of Wisconsin. Here, the origin of each of these neutrinos is determmed by analyzrng the direction 30 and intensity of the flash. Determining neutrinos’ origins could provide 41 : screntrsts with new insights into the universe. For mstance 41 some neutrinos are produced during supernovae (the - collapsing of stars}. The origins of these neutrinos could 36. 37. A 38. 39. 40. 41 42. E. NO CHANGE - -« occasions, however, occasions;:however; occasrons however At thls p01nt the wnter is cons1denng addmg the fol- lowing true sentence: . . In 1956, durlng the Cowan-Reines neutrino ' experiment, a neutrino was detected.for the first time. Should the writer make thlS addition? A, B. F. G. H N J.. Yes, because the information is relevant to ‘the history of neutrino detection outlined in the paragraph. . Yes, because the information 1ndlcates that . subzero altltude is essential to the detectlon of neutrinos. ‘No, because the information is unrelated to the discussion of why. scientists. selected the location of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. No, because the information is unrelated to why " the detection of neutrinos is facﬂltated by zero- . gravity conditions. NO CHAN GE _ Observatory, and to - Observatory. To Observatory; to NO €CHANGE their its its’ NO CHANGE have been are being *’ are - Which of the following true sentences best introduces the main‘idea of the paragraph? . A, B. NQ CHANGE . For décades, scientists have been trymg to learn more . about gamma rays through the study of - superdovae. C. O :Recently, at IceCube scientists discovered two . neutrinos, which they now refer toas Bert and Ernie. Neutrinos can now be created in- laboratories, using a particle. accelerator called a Super Proton Synchrotron NO CHANGE stars) and the stars), the stars) the GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

. NO CHANGE give us opulent information about how when and why : 43. A ] B B. -invaluable stars collapse: Scientists are optlmlstxc that the neutrinos C. ~upscale D. lavish detected at IceCube could lead to new ways of 1ook1ng at our galaxy—-and galax1es beyond : . ‘ 44. The wrlter Wants to empha51ze that. 1nformatlon-;—gar- a4 T nered from the detected meutrinos at ‘IceCube ‘could have-dramatic effects on how ‘scientists study the uni- verse. Which choice best accomplishes that goal? F. NOCHANGE ‘G. phenomena that have puzzled scientists over the last decade. . H. common occurrences in space. J. the world around us. - Question 45 asks about the preceding':zzpaesage as a whole. 45. Suppose the writer’s primary putpose had be line a scientific theory concerning the origins . ticle in nature. Would this essay accompllsh A.. Yes, because it explai . .known as Cherenkov adlatlon ‘B. Yes, because it summarizes ho - IceCube Neutrino, Obseryatory tr .~ their origins despite neutrinos’ nu _..sions with matter and electromag: ) :detected At an observatory and how tlons could benefit future scientific res " neutrinos could potentially contradict a COmmo! f'y - held theory about supernovae.. L PAseAGE v , Clinton Hill’s Found Artist [1] , At the Urban Viufage, my ,favo:i.t'e-;eavflte' bete}<in - ’ - Clinton Hill, 1‘3rook}ynv, .I fouuo:'a_l tablefby'tfhéi&iﬂdow)_ and checked the da“y"’si he\us ou mylaptopOn v‘tbe | New YorkTimes home page, noticed an artcle about | Rafael I‘,Zeo_‘nab.t‘:cl‘o‘Blaek,, a 64;yeu§;:old Cliubon ijiH; NO CHANGE artist who had just been discovered. [A] | . v 46. F. a6 R G. of whom ‘ - H. which J. whom ) AcT:COt: 7 8 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

[2] Black, a native of Aruba, has been:creating art inrhis . - 47 ik S New York City studio apartment for over three decades. Until recently, few people had seen his work I wondered why—and learned he s1mp1y never cared to, shaIe it. Black‘ » has worked as a typist, a salesperson, and a recepgonlst. He never expected (or tried) to_'m"ake'a hvmg as an artist. However, in May of 2013, art dealer Francis Naumann, directed to Black’s art by one of Black’s 1ongtime friends, displayed sixteen of the artist’s drawings in a sofo show. : 48 . . . Within days, ten of Black’s pieces skol"dxfor,kpricés ranging . ’ 49 - . from $16,000 to $28,000. [B] | [3] Black draws collages in black No.2 pencil on white board and they’re packed with " 50 T depictions, in the form of drawingé, of ancient myths, . 51, ] T , . historical events, and popular culture. I found a collage titled Seven Lamps in a quick search online. [cllt features a representation of a British psychedelic 'pbstér, a portrayal of Danish surrealist paihtef, Wilhelm Freddie, : = at work, and a tiny figure of Los Angeles architect Simon Rodia. The images are stacked, forming a surreal tower. ACT-COt 48. 4. 50, 51. 52. «'NO CHANGE v Aorlgmally from Aruba for more than half hlS hfe Sowp living in Clinton Hill but a native of Aruba, a newly found artist originally from Aruba, Given that all the choices are accurate, which one pro- vides the best trapsition to the 1nformat1on in the fol- lowmg sentence” . ~ o oam smem. Powp - ToRs —“mom -NO CHANGE NO CHANGE was taking down an artist’s long-running exhibi- tion-at his:Manhattan gallery. ..+ _became aware that Black had never shown his drawings, formally or otherwise. recognized that no one in the New York City art - world had heard of Black. ; NO CHANGE sold—for - sold; for sold for:_ - NO CHANGE board. They’re board, they’re board they re” NO'CHANGE black pencil drawings that dep1ct drawings that create collages of depictions of ® painter Wilhelm Freddie, painter, Wilhelm Freddie painter Wilhelm Freddie GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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I wasn’t sure how the drawings in Seven Lamps——so detailed that I could see the folds in Rodia’s: clothmg—-—fit .0 53 together logically, but I liked that there was so much for 54 B me to puzzle over. Maybe this complexity 54 55 I read that Black observes the sudden iriterest 56 AT S in his drawings. [D] He says he’s always béen an artist, regardless of who knew it. Given that Iknow ;e‘;‘e‘ity,;gln’ll ’ ' 57 - keep checking the Times for word of ‘his.next show. When I walk home from the Urban Vintage 1ts décor often being 'in May helps explain why' B-laok;’ s &ork‘ofeetedzsuoh a stir. 58 58 updated with restored antiques and vmtage houseWares I - wonder if I’ll pass the brownstone buﬂding vs}here, ‘Black, R : 59 : creates his fascinating, newly found art. PETC R EL 10 53 54. 55. 56. . A. NO CHANGE D. fits If the writer were to delete the underlined portion - " (adjusting the punctuation as needed), the essay would F. claim arguing that the reason Naumann chose to, .G 'H. comment suggesting that though the narrator b. paper article claims Black is' unmoved b B. ‘has fit C.isfit - primarily lose a: show Black’s art is that the art offers so much for a viewer to reflect upon and analyze. detail indicating that the narrator appreciated Black’s collage even though he or she might not have understood its overall intent. enjoys only some of Black’s art, he or she is glad ~ that Black has been discovered. J. statement revealing the narrator’s behef that the best modern art is understood only by the artist " who created it. ; The best placement for the underhned pomon would be: o A. whereitis 26w, B. after the word Maybe. C. after the word explair. after the word stir (and: before the penod) The wnter waits to clearly estabhsh interést in his art. Which ch01ce best accomplishes that ~ goal? 57. .58, 59.. pows %.F‘@w wa F. NO CHANGE ' G. is nearly a celebrity in Clmton H111 due to H. has benefited financially from J. " gives little thought to Which choice provides the most effective transition from the preceding sentence to this sentence? A "NO CHANGE - : B. Since I'm knowledgeable about art and books, ¢ .Now that T know about himy: Knowing that I like news, NO CHANGE . Vintage, easily carrying my lightweight laptop in my old, navy blue messenger bag, Vintage this-evening—I can’t be late to meet a friend exactly at eight— Vintage tonight, NO CHANGE : building where Black building, where Black building: where Black GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

Question 60 asks about the precedmg passage as a whole:’ : 60. The writer is -considering adding the followmg sen- tence to the essay: Fortunately, the web page included a key that "identified the people, places and events— ‘most of which T had never even heard of-—that Black portrays in thlS plece - TIf the writer were to add this sentence it would most logically be placed at: . F. Point A inParagraph 1. G. Point B in Paragraph 2. H. Point Cin Paragraph 3. J. Point'D in Paragraph 4. PASSAGEV - Cher Ami, Pigeon Hero* Pigeons have a fairly poor reputation. In many urban areas, they are considered little more than, ’ . 61 “rats with wings,” blamed for spreading disease and 62 - . despoiling statues. For example, one species, the homing L TTe pigeon, which is among the best nav1gators of the natural 64 E world. There navigational ability has earned the homely 65 : : pigeon an undeniable place in history. ACT-CO1 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. gowr SEeE porr s@mad gowp - NO CHANGE than— - ‘than; than NO CHANGE wings” and they are blamed wings,” they are blamed wings.” Blamed NO CHANGE Similarly; However, NO CHANGE' pigeon that pigeon, pigeon NO CHANGE - They’re It’s Its GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

Former modern technologies like the radio or 66 ' T T NI telephone, commanders on the battlefield often faced challenges in communicating, depending on their location. . 7 One solution was to use homing pigeons to carry messages from the front lines back to heéddﬂarters. ‘The pigeon was a particularly good'soldier in such efideavo:s: It flew fast. It flew high. And it always quickly returned and came back A 68 to its home roost. ' The most famous avian war hero is perhaps Cher Ami, whose name means dear frzend One of six hundred bu‘ds used by the US Army Signal Corps i in ~France d;urmg : World War I, all. twelve of Cher Ami’s mjjssion;s;;w.ere, : ° 69 - . deemed successful, His last was instrumental in saving hundreds of lives. Near Verdun, France, the 77th Infant'fy, Division became separated from US forces. The men were surrounded by German troops:and:. were rafpidly;ruuning out of rations. They were separated from-other US forces. - 70 They had but one link to headquarters homing pigeons. 71 = i : " It was becoming clear that the Americans were unaware - 72 of the 77th’s whereabouts, the situation grew dire. ACT-CO1 67. . NO CHANGE Before .* Earlier Pr1or The writer is considering rev1smg the underlined por- tion to the following: especially across long dlstanoes and difficult terrain. Should the writer make this revision? A. B. C. D. 68. 69. g awp 70. 71. 72. ik 12 EaE m o ¢ns? i Yes, because it offers a better indication of the cir- cumstances that- made communication difficult. Yes, because it more clearly identifies the loca- tions-of and distances betweerr troops. No, because it adds information that is ifrelevant to the paragraph’s discussion of pigeons. No, because it suggests that homing p1geons are unnecessary today NO CHANGE speedily returned, coming home returned home returned NO CHANGE the twelve missions Cher Ami flew were sticcessful. - successful ‘missions by Cher Am1 numbered twelve. Cher Ami flew twelve successful missions. - NO CHANGE German troops were all around them. They would soon be out of rations. DELETE the underlined portion. - NO.CHANGE headquarters: headquarters; headquarters, NO CHANGE Having become As it became It became GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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Major Whittlesey wrote a note about the 77th’s location, - placed it in a canister attached to the p_igeon’s-leg;=‘and watched as the bird flew out in the midst of‘,rbattle,' ) Despite 4Vbeing wounded in flight, Cher Amlmanaged to deliver the message to headquarterS' the l'mi,tlyl.‘;vn’own, . as “the Lost Battahon would be rescued News reports around the world touted the blrd LB heroism. The French rm'lita:y aWarded Chet Ami o i medal, the War Cross. Although one might question 73 the extent in Wthh Cher Ami understood his mission, T4 his story proves that pigeons are unique. . 75 . 73. 75. A. NO CHANGE B. medal, it was the medal, that was - medal; The: ’ o0 F. NO CHANGE G. of ) J DELETE the underlined portion. Which choice best concludes the sentence and essay by connecting Cher Ami’s story to'a spec1fic 1dea raised - in the first paragraph of the essay? A. NO CHANGE : B. is testimony to the homing pigeon’s navigational skill and instinct. C. has made people recons1der the definition of heroism. D. suggests that even birds can be brave END OF TEST 1 STOP' DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO sO. ACT-CO1

: MATHEMAT!CS;AJ'EST PR .60 Minutes —60 Questions DIRECTIONS: Solve each problem, choose the correct answer, and then fill in the corresponding oval on your - answer document. Do not linger over problems that take too much time. Solve as many as you can; then return to the others in the time you have left for this test. | You are permitted to use a calculator on this fest. You may use your calculator for any problems you choose, but some of the problems may best be done without using a calculator. : Note: Unless otherwise stated, all of the following should be assumed, 1. lllustrative figures are. NOT necessarily drawn to scale. 2. Geometric figures lie in a plane. ' 3. The word liné indicates a straight line. 4. The word average indicates arithmetic mean. 1. The parallelogram below has consecutive angles with measures x° and 25°. What is the value of x ? 100 115 130 . 140 155 <I=Tel- T2 2. A retail sales associate’s daily commission during 1 week was $30 on Monday and Tuesday and $70 on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday. What was the - associate’s average daily commission for these 5 days? S $50 0 $51 - $54 $55 $56 ke 3. Whatis the greatest common factor of 45, 50, and 84 ? HEQFEP> VWO 4. For what value of x is the eduatién 2x—12) + x =36 true? ' : : 14 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

; /A\‘ /A\ '/A\ ./A\ /A\ '/6\ /A\ /A\ ‘/A\’f 5. A bag cantains exactly 22 solid-colored buitons: 4 red, = DOYOUR F‘GURING HERE | . 6 blue, and 12 white.-What is the- probability of randomly selecting 1 button that is NOT white? 5‘ % : s c. 2 D. 5 E. - ~ 6. On a map, % inch represents 12 actual miles. Two towns that are 5 inches apart on this map are how many actual miles apart? e W o 7. Caden had exactly 45 plants to sell. After Day 1 of his sale, he had exactly 42 plants left. After Day 2, Caden had exactly 39 plants left. After Day 3, he has exactly - 36 plants left. Assuming Caden will continue to sell plants at that daily rate, how many of these plants will he have left at the end of Day 6 ? 33 : 27 24 6 3 HEaRP 8. An on-demand movie service charges $5 per month, plus $2 for each movie rented. Which of the following equations models the relationship between M, the number of movies rented per month, and 7, the total monthly cost, in dollars, for the service? ' M=5+2T M=2+5T T=5+2M T=2+5M TT=05+2M stal=lot 9. What are the solutions to the. quadratic equation 2x+5(3x~-4)=07 ’ A. -5 and4 _3 _4 B. ) and 3 5 4 C _E and § 5 _4 D = and 3 soroon et ‘ 15 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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A A AAANNANAA 10. An 8-inch-by-6-inch rectangle ‘is cut along a diagonal to form 2 triangles. What is the area, in square inches, of each triangle? i 7 12 . . 14 S ‘ 24 48 REEQE 11.-In a class of tenth graders, no studént participated in more than 1 of the following -extracurricular activities: % the clasé played.-in the band; % sang in the chorus; Tlavplayed football; and 516 played basketball. What ‘ fraction of the class did not participate in any 1 of these 4 activities? A. 0 B. -5741%' C % 'D. % E 57 60 12. What is the smallest integer greater than /61 ? F. 4 G. 7 H 8 J. 10 K. 31 13. In AABC shown below, sin C= 2 and the length of E is 6 inches. What is the length, in inchés, of AC ? A. V3 .B. V13 C.. 4 D. 5 E. 9 - ACT-CO{" o DO;Y,OURFIGURINGHER.E. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

14. 15. 16. 17. AAANANANNNANNNA The table below shows ‘the . first: 5.terms of an . arithmetic sequence. Which of the following is a general expression for the nth term? Term position (1) | nth term 1 1 2 5 3 9 4 13 5 © 17 F. 2n-1 G. 3n-2 H. 4n-3 J. 5n-4 K. 6n-5 What is the perimeter, in feet, of the figure shown below? ‘ _ ‘ 8 ft ] | o : 20 ft a , 14 ft C. 70 o ‘ D. 80 . , ! : I E. 84 : O 20f 2 3 is left. ’fhey are going to comprfomise Manuel estimates .that = of a pizza is left. Stephen 3 4 for a joint estimaie by using the number halfway estimates that between their 2 estimates. What is their joint estimate? F 2 G 3 2 So far this basketball season, Sherita made 46 of her first 60 free throws, giving her a free-throw average of about 76.7%. What iis the minimum number of free throws she would need to make from now on in order to have a free-throw average of at least 80% 7 2 3 .10 SITeL TS 20 ACT-CO1 14 . T 17 ‘DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -

18. Two functions are defined s f(x)=2x-1 and g(x) = x> + 1. Which of the following expressions: _ represents flg@)? 19. 20. 21. o 0w P F. x*+2x. G. 2°+1 “H., 2x*+2 J. 4x° K. 4x°—4x+2 Data Set A -consists of the 8 numbers listed below. Data Set B consists of the 8 numbers in A and a 9th number, which is greater than 90. How will the mean and the median of B compare to the mean and the median of A ? 62, 76, 76, 80, 82, 87, 94, 96 The mean and the median of B will each be greater than the mean and the median of A. The mean and the median of B will each be less than the mean and the median of A. ‘ The mean and the median of B will each be the same as the mean and the median of A. The mean of B will be the same as the mean of A, and the median of B will be greater than the median of A. The mean of B will be greater than the mean of A, t ANAANANANAANDLD DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. and the median of B. will be the same as-the - median of A. A truck traveling at 35 mph has a leaky radiator that is losing 4 fluid ounces per minute. How many miles will the truck travel before the radiator, which held 480 fluid ounces when it began to leak, is empty? F. 137 G. 175 H. 35.0 J. 700 K. 120.0 In the standard (x,y) coordinate plane, what is the midpoint of the line segment that has endpoints (-5,8) and (3,-1) 7 . C. (—3— 1) D. ( 4,—%) E. (8,-9) ' ACT-COT. 18 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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22. The ordéred"pairs;"~’(x;"y%)'a.in'f~'enea of the: following tables belong to a linear function. Which one? F. ) J. W=D | W OO | W= O | ™ O = O | W= O | R O = N | W= O | = O e O | N2 LN O | ™ Qe W | 23. In AABC shown below, mZA =x°, mZB = (2x)°, mZC = (3x)°, AB=cinches, AC=0b inches, and BC = a inches. Which of the following inequalities correctly relates the side lengths of AABC 7 . (Note: m£A denotes _Ege measure of ZA, and AB denotes the length of AB. The triangle is NOT drawn to scale.) : o A. a<b<c B. a<c<kb C. b<a<c D. c<a<b E. ¢c<b<a 24. What is the slope of the line that passes through (1,5) and (17,7) in the standard (x,y) coordinate plane? G 2 H 3 | K. 8 ACT-Go1 ST S : 19 ADNNANNNDNNNS - DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

AN NN NN NAA 25. The perimeter i'of i particular . jectangle is - ...DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. : 36 centimeters. The longer sides: of- the rectangle are - . . cach 2 centimeters longer than each of the shorter sides of the rectangle. What is the length, in centimeters, of one of the longer sides of this rectangle? A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D. 18 E. 32 Use the following information to answer questions 26-28. Winter Fun Ski Resort sells only 2 types of tickets—adult and student. On Monday, the resort sold 200 tickets, 1 ticket to each skier. Of those tickets, 25 were sold to first-time skiers. When Alyss‘a,skis the resort’s main fun, . hér elevation, E feet, at any point on the run is modeled by 300,000 ' ++100. after she begins skiing at the start of the main run. the equation E = where ¢ is the number of seconds 26. The resort.collected a total of $6,000 in-ticket sales on Monday. The price of an adult ticket is $50:-and the’ price of a student ticket is $25. How many adult and student tickets were sold on Monday? adult student . 40 160 G. 80 120 . H. 100 = 100 J. 120 - 80 K. 160 40 27. On Monday, the resort sold 1 ticket to each of the 8 members of the Herzog family. Assume this family is Ca representative sample of all of the skiers at the resort on Monday. How many of the 8 members of the Herzog family are NOT first-time skiers? 28. What is Alyssa’s elevation, in feet, af the start of_ the "main run? F. 30 G. 300 H. 3,000 J. 30,000 K. 300,000 AGTGoR. *T L ESEEE T T e : 20 : GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

29. 30. 31. One side of square:ABCD:has a lenigth 0f 18 meters. A certain rectangle whose area is equal to the area of ABCD has a width of 6 meters. What is the length, in meters, of the certain rectangle? 18 ' 24 27 30 54 SETet s . The 2 x 2 matrices A and B below are. related to matrix C by the . equation C =24 —3B. What is matrix C ? ' F :—10 -1 6. [ 379 AN NEE K ‘2.22 Jen is doing an experiment to determine whether a high-protein food affects the ability of white mice to .find their way through a maze. The mice in the experimental group were given the high-protein food, the mice in the control group were given regular food. Jen then timed the mice as they found their way through the maze. The table below shows the results. Mouse number Experimental group Control group [ R SNEVA N ) 1 min 46 sec 2 min 2 sec 2 min 20 sec 1 min 51 sec 1 min 41 sec "2 min 13 sec 1 min 49 sec 2 min 28 sec 2min 7 sec 1 min 58 sec The average time the mice in the experimental group took to find their way through the maze was how many seconds less than the average time taken by the mice in the control group? HEORP> ACT-CO1 8 11 13 16 16 21 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. _

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AANAANANNANANNANA 32. In the United States; phone numbers. begin with a 3-digit area code. Now, there-are restrictions on some of the digits, but in the future, as more and more area codes are needed, the restrictions may need to be lifted. If, and when, there are no restrictions and each of the 3 digits can be any integer from 0 through 9, * how.many area codes will be possible? F. 27 G. 30 H. 720 Jo 729 K. 1,000 33. The function y = 2 sin(8nx) is graphed in the standard (x,y) coordinate plane below. How many x-intercepts - does the graph-of this functlon have on the -interval O<x<17? ' HEOEP 34. If both x and ( + —7— + 9) are positive integers, what is the least possible value of x ? F 21 G. 27 H. 36 J. 63 K. 189 . ACT-CO1 22 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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AA/\AAAAA/\ Use the followmg mformatlon to answer ques’uons 35-38. In parallelogram ABCD shown below, ‘the diagonals intersect .at E, mZBDC =42°, m«£BDA =71°, and AB = ( n- 5) inches. ' (Note: The figure is NOT drawn to scale; mLPQR denotes the measure of ZPOR.) L _2. - | AF—73n-3 'B E 0 D C 35. What is mZBAD ? 23° 42° 48° 67° 71° iAol s 36. Given that DC = ( n+ 7) inches, what is the value 37. Suppose A and C are located at (2,10) and (30,3), respectively, in the standard (x,y) coordinate plane. What are the coordinates of £ ? A (—l 14) B. C. (1 -%) D 7 E 38. Which of the following triangles is copgruent to AABE? ’ F. AADC G. AAED H. ABCE J. ABCD K. ACDE ACT-CO1 DIV O & N T 23 DO YOUR FlGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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39. 40. 41. 42. ACT-CO1 G J K Which -of the following ‘ expressions: is- equal to (@ + Vb)la - 2VB) for all positive real numbers a and b ? : : A. &*-3aVh B. @~ aVb-2b C. &~ aVb-2V2 D. &*-3aVb-2b E. a*+3aVbh-2b The track for a model railroad display is set up as 2 circles that are tangent to one another and have diameters of 30 feet and 50 feet, respectively, as shown below. The engine of the train travels at a constant rate of 75 feet per minute. To the nearest minute, how many minutes does the engine take to go in a figure 8 pattern around the entire track exactly 1 time? R @@ AR OVE S \ . , R 1l ~2 T . [SIES LA ¥ oogmu- | - T o0 ® p 52 Wy N Whatt is the value of the positive real number x such o (LYoo that logx< 3 ) =29 F 5 50 _1—, 50 1 5 25 2 24 AN NN NN NNNA DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. | GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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43. 44, The points (<4,~5), (0;=3); and (6,0) lie-on a line in the standard (x,y) coordinate plane. ‘Which of -the following points also lies on that line? = A. (-3,-4) B. ‘(-1,-4) C. (172 D. ( 4-1) E. (9, 1) AAADNNNDNNDGE Rya and Sampafh start running laps from the same starting line at the same time and in the same direction on a certain indoor track. Rya completes one lap in 16 seconds, and Sampath completes the same lap in 28 seconds. Both continue running at their same respective rates and in the same direction for 10 minutes. What is the fewest number of seconds after starting that Rya and Sampath will again be at’ ' . their starting line at the same time? F. 88 G. 112 H. 120 J. 220 “K. 448 45. 46. 47. The CFO of Math King Enterpriées estimates that if the company sets a price of ¢ cents for each unit of their new product, then the weekly profit from selling the product will be modeled by p(c) = 1,600c — 4¢’, where 0 < ¢ € 400: Accordiag to this model, for which of the following values of ¢ will the weekly profit for this product be the largest? , A, 20 B. 40 C. 100 D. 200 E. 400 Given consecutive positive integers a, b, ¢, and d such that a < b < ¢ < d, which of the following expressions has the greatest value? F. B & ale ol o b ‘c+d The ratio of the perimeters of two squares is 2:3. If the .. area of the larger square is 324 square feet, what is the length, in feet, of the side of the smallelj_ square? A, 12 ACT-CO1- 25 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. - GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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48. 49. 50. 51. ACTiGOT: T i i 2 /\AAAA/\/\/\A What is"ithe: set of " all- ‘integer solutlons for. the inequality -1 < x ~ V35 <47 : {3,4,5} ' {2,3,4,5,6} {2,3,4,5} {1,2,3,4,5,6} . {1,2,3,4,5} Rk Wind blowing against a flat surface exerts a maximum force equal to kSv?, where S is the area of the surface, v is the wind’s velocity, and k is a constant. If a 40 mile-per-hour (mph) wind can exert a maximum force of 50 pounds on a 1-square-foot flat surface; what is the maximum force, in pounds, that an 80 mph wind can exert on a 2-square-foot flat surface? A. 100 B. 128 C. 200 . D. 400 E. 1,600 Roger will pour concrete to make a sidewalk with the dimensions, in feet, shown in the figure below. He will pour the concrete to a depth of 4 inches. One bag of concrete mix makes 0.6 cubic feet of concrete. What is the least whole number of bags of concrete mix that Roger needs in order to make the sidewalk? ' 4 16 44 10 50 . 4 58 67 20 Radius OA of the circle shown below is perpendicular to AP. The circle intersects OP at B. The length of AP is 12 centimeters, and the measure of ZAPO is 20°. Which of the following values is closest to the length, in centimeters, of BP 7 A 12. (Note: sin 20° = (.342, cos. 20° = 0.940, and tan 20° = 0. 364) 26 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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DA NANANNLNDLALANNAAN 52. The average of 10 test scores is x.-Whenithe highest ' - DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. score and lowest score are removed from the 10 scores, . = - . f . B T ‘ the average is y. Which of the following is an ’ ’ expression for the average of the highest score and lowest score? F. 10x-8y x+y G 2 + 10x+8y . H. 2 10x -8y J. 5 10x + 8y K. 3 53, Which of the following is the solution set of 27:12:95;1—-4:7 ’ 54. Each face of 2 cubes with faces numbered from 1 through 6 has a % chance of landing up when the 2 cubes are tossed. What is the probability that the sum of the numbers on the faces landing up will be less than 6 ? G. % H J. -15—2 soroon Cma g 07 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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55. At 2:00 p.m., Louisa leaves Kansas City in her car ~ . DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. traveling east on I-70 toward St. Louis at an average o ' speed of 68 mph. At precisely the same time, Antonio’ leaves St. Louis in his car traveling west on I-70 toward Kansas City at an average speed of 57 mph. - The driving distance from St. Louis to Kansas City is 240 miles.. At what time, to the nearest minute, will they drive past each other on I-70 ? A. 3:46 p.m. B. 3:50 p.m. C. 3:53 p.m. D. 3:55pm. E. 4:06 p.m. 56. There are 10 points in a plane, and no 3 of the points are collinear. These 10 points, taken 2 points at a time, determine how many distinct 11nes‘7 10 20 35 45 90 Ftal- T2 57. The expression n! (read as n factorial) is defined as " the product of all positive integers up to and including n, whénevcr n is a positive integer. For example, 4!=1-2-3-4, Whenever n is a positive integer; (n+ 1)16! 9 which of the following is equivalent to peETRE A. 120(n+ 1) B. 120 Cc. 2 X 58. Which of the following must be true for each-set of 4 consecutive positive integers? Feman ACT-CO1 I Atleast 1 of the 4 integers is prime. II. At least 2 of the 4 integers have a common prime factor. Il At least 1 of the 4 integers is a factor of at least 1 of the 3 other integers. I only Il only T and Il only ° 11 and IIT only L 1I, and 11T 28 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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- 59. 60. ci-Tol-chg NN O When (x +1)* ‘is expanded and. like terms’ are .. combined, what is the coefficient of *7 ; A hill makes an angle of 20° with the horizontal, XB, as shown below. A 'taut guy wire, AB, extends from the base of the hill, point A, to point B on a vertical pole. Point B is 25 ft directly above where the pole is inserted into the ground at point C. Given .that the length of AC is 60 ft, which of the:following expressions represents the length, in feet of the guy wire? (Note: For a triangle with sides of length a, b, and c¢ that are opposite angles ZA, ZB, and ZC, respectively, sian = SinblB :__Asijn CAC ~and 2 =a*+b* = 2ab cos LC.) A 25 sin 60° E S50 25 5in 70° G'. sin 20° 25 sin 110° H. =50500 J. V60 +25* - 2(60)(25‘)~cos 70° K. V60 + 257 — 2(60)(25) cos 110° DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. . END OF TEST 2 STOP' DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO. ACT-CO1 29 DO NOT;RETUB-N TO THE PREVIOUS TEST.

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READING TEST-. - 35 Minutes —40 Questions DIRECTIONS: There are several passages in this test. Each passage is accompanied by several questions. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document. You may refer to the,paésages as often as necessary. Passage I LITERARY NARRATIVE: Passage A is adapted from the essay “Touring Home” by Susan-Power (©1996 by Susan ‘Power). Passage B is adapted from the memoir Beyond the "Narrow Gate: The Journey of Four Chinese Women from the Middle Kingdom to Middle America by Leslie Chang (©1999 by Lestie Chang). Passagé A by Susan Power My mother tells me stories every day: while she cleans, while she cooks, on our way to the library, standing in the checkout line at the supermarket. I like to share her stories 'with other people-and chatter away when I am able to command adult attention. “She left the reservation when she was. sixteen - years old,” I tell my audience. Sixteen sounds very old 10 15 20 25 30 to me, but I always state the number because it'seems integral to my recitation. “She had never been on a train before or used a telephone. She left Standing Rock to take a job in Chicago so she could help out the family during the War. She was so. petrified of the new sur- roundings, she stayed in her seat all the way from McLaughlin, South Dakota to Chicago, Illinois, and didn’t move once.” I usually laugh after saying this because I cannot imagine my mother being afraid of anything. She is so tall, a true Dakota woman; she rises against the sun like a skyscraper, and when I draw her picture in my note- book, she takes up the entire page. She talks politics and attends sit-ins and says what’s on her mind. I am her small shadow and witness. I am the tnmd daughter who can rage only on paper. ~ We don’t have much money, but Mom takes me -from one-end ‘of the city to the other, on foot, on buses. I will grow up believing that Chicago belongs to me, because. 1t was- glven to me ‘by.my mother. Some days we haunt thef»Artv»,Instltute, and my mother pauses before a Picasso. “He did this during his. blue period,” she tells me. I squmt at the blue man holding a blue. guitar. “Was he véry sad?” [ ask. ACT-COt 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 “Yes, I think he was.” My mother takes my hand and looks: away from the painting. I can see a story developing behind her eyes, and 1 tug on her arm to release the words. She will tell me why Picasso, was blue, what his thoughts were as he painted this canvas. She relates anecdotes I will never find in books, never see footnoted in a biography of the master artist. I don’t -even bother to check these references because I like my mother’s version best. Passage B by Leslie Chang Water belongs to everyone and to no one. For this reason, I have always had a particular affinity for it, which may strike some as mysterious. Westerners ask me where my parents were born, as though the answer will enable them to glean some knowledge. The answer is Beijing and.Luoyang. The truth is that this fesponse signifies nothing. The. meanmgful questlon would be to ask where my ancéstors lived: The answer to that is inland. My father’s pedple came.from Wuhan, birth- place of the Chinese: republic and the capital of Hubei, that sweltering province sandwiched between Sichuan and Anhui. My mother’s father was from Inner Mongo- lia, land of desert and grassy plains. Yet water calls to me. I remain convinced that 1 would find peace if I could only have a house by the ocean. I insisted on being married near the sea. This bond, I know; comes from my mother. She longs for a view more than anything else. Once, staying at a hotel in- San Francisco, she insisted on seeing three different rooms before she found one’ with which she was satisfied. It was on a floor so high it made me dizzy, with a corner window overlooking _the bay. Even so, my mother spent most of her time on the bridge linking the elevator bank to our wing. The bridge consisted almost entirely of windows. It offered a view in either direction that was brilliant and - . blinding. If there had been a chair, she could have sat 70 75 forever, letting the gold sun and blue sea overwhelm her through the glass. My mother may have descended from inland people, but they were also nomads. Her father once rode his horse practically the length of China, from Inner Mongolia to Guangzhou, a distance of some twelve hundred miles. My mother could only become a GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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- nomad herself—forever moving, changing and- going, * -yet always retaining some essential-part of her being, ‘80 85 90 recognizable and intact in spite of all:the places:she has been. In this, she is like water, not dead water but-fear- - somely alive. When she gazes out:On its shimmering expanse, she sees her own reflection. When'I.gaze.out, 1 see her, my mother, always pulling away, returning and pulling away again. I drink from her, and she slips between.my fingertips. She has borne me all this way. I cannot decide whether I want her to stay or go. When she is here, I wish she would leave. When she is gone, I wish’she would return. She pulls away again;a force as -elemental as the ebbing tide: I.remain a child on the shore, eagerly collecting the sea glass and-driftwood she has: left behind. - T S Quéstions 1—3'5ask’a'bout PassageA. - _ ideas about Picasso and his work are accurate . In Passage A, the narrator dire;ctlylfcompai'es “her mother to-a:- Picasso painting. shadow and witness. p story behind someone’s eyes. .’ skyscraper against the sun. . The narrator of Passage A most strongly suggests that the reason she began to believe Chicago belongs to her is that she: .~ Ll e F. could eventually take several different routes to travel from one end of the city to the other without gettingJost.. .-~ . ... . . o had watched her mother directly influence the pol- itics of the city. @i o felt she could move about the.-city almost unseen, like a small shadow. ; J. initially explored the city with her mother as her affirming guide, so her connection to the city seemed familial. . G. H. It can most reasonably be inferred from Passage A that the narrator doesn’t bother to verify that her mother’s primar- ily because the narrator: : her to consult. T is confident that what her mother says about the artist is accurate and feels that checking references would be a waste of time. EEEEER doesn’t care ‘whether her mother is accurate given how much the narrator likes what her mother says’ about the artist. ! , , wants to hold to her own ideas about the artist, regardless of what her mother says about him. ACT-CO1 doesn’t know. whic;h references. w_ould, be best for - 31 L ‘Questions 4~7 ask about Passage B, 4. In Passage B, the narrator 'mo:s‘t‘ stténgly‘ suggests that - she believes her answer to which of the. following questions does not provide significant information about her background? C.regret. G. Where did your ancestors live? H. Where were your parents born? E. . How is your mother like your other ancestors? -J. Why does water call to you? . (line 68) and the word overwhelm (line 69) both have a '~ connotation that nmiost strongly suggests a feeling of: As they are used in Passage B, the word blinding _D. quietness. . In line 79, the word dead is most nearly used to . _desc,ry,ibe'wazt)er that is:” ST SECER R F.. 'col,or'le§s’; i .- obsolete. i H. stagnant. J.. frozen. : 7. The last sentence of Passage B can best be described as Av. Tt e I ~* A.. metaphor for the narrator’s feelings as her mother - © . .goesaway fromber.. o B. memory- of childhood and of her mother that the ., parratorholdsdear.© . o - C.. literal explanation of the way the narrator reacts to - hermother’sactions. = " . D.. reference to a set of objects that the narrator as a . child often found on the shore. o . Quest‘ic}’h_sa}i’o, ask about bqth pas’séges,fi ‘Which of the following actions do the narrators of both ' _Passages closely connect with their mothers? F.. Traveling and moving - G- Exploring Chicago streets - - H. ‘Speaking openly and boldly i Staying~at hotels in cities . The riarfator‘"fcif’4Pa’s,sfage.B would be more likely than -the narrator of Passage A to describe her ‘relationship with her mother as being. marked by: o A. moments of lively conversatién and pure joy. B. . years of fierce competition-and-debate. - C. displays of physical affection-and warmth. D. ' feelings of distance and tension. " GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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10. In both Passage A and Passage B, the narrator of the passage shares information about her mother 'S -F. . personal hrstory G. physical appearance. H. academic interests. : o ~ J. relationship to the narrator s father Passégé n SOCIAL SCIENCE: This:passage is adapted from The Frozen- . Water Trade: A True Story by Gavin Welghtman (©2003 by Gavsn Welghtman) When the, first comprehensrve report on the ice ‘industry: of- the United States was commrssroned in -1879 as part of a national census, it was estimated that - about eight miillion-tons were harvested ‘annually, though the business was so extensive and production so poorly documented ‘that this was, at' best; a ‘well- informed guess. The figures were put together by one Henry Hall, who signed himself “special agent” and . gave an account of the great growth of the industry in 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 150 miles up ‘the Hudson'Rl‘}; T, \the the preceding ten years. Of the eight million tons of ice harvested, about five million reached the consumer— the rest melted dunng shipment and storage. By far the biggest market was in New York, and none of its ice was manufactared artificially: it was all cut in winter and stored:in’ hundreds of timber: Warehouses that lmed houses but even thrs was not enou the year ¢ of the great ice cens i;,Yor -_and Philadel- phia suffered one of their recurrent ice “famines,” when unseasonably warm weather: destroyed the harvest on the Hudson and local lakes; and the ‘price of ice rose from $4 to $5 a ton. That 'year the ice was fifteen to twenty inches thick in Maine, a top-quality crop, and it could be shipped down to New York at an ¢stimated cost of $1.50 a ton. This produced a frenzy of harvest- ing on the Kennebec, Penobscot, and Sheepscot Rivers, and two thousand cargoes of ice packed in hay-and saw- dust were shipped south to New . York, Phrladelphra and other more southern cities, where they were sold for a total of around $1.5 million. Though the demand for ice rose annually, the New York suppliers did not explore the use of artificial refrigeration. Instead, they began to buy up sections of the Kennebec River shoreliné and to erect great wooden warehousés there, transformrng ‘the landscape of the river for many" miles. It was the same farther inland, where ice companies bought up ‘shoreline along the lakes and put up storehouses to-supply the meat indus- ‘try of Chicago and the brewers: of Mﬂwaukee s well - as millions of domestic consumers. * 45 The - first real cnsrs in, the natural-rce trade was caused hot by: competmon from artifici ianufacture, - but by pollution. As the cities grew, they encroached on ACT:GOT: © L E At -the rivers.and:lakes from which the ice was cut, and ~soon:there ‘were health scares. This produced a search 50 85 60 for cleaner supplies away from towns, and stimulated the search for a means of manufacturing ice with pure water. The realization that the bacteria that cause dis- eases .such as typhoid were not killed off in frozen water -added to.the urgency of finding safer forms of ’refngeratron The natural-ice trade began to decline from the early decades of the twentieth century, though in more remote areas of North- America where electric power ~was not:available but lake ice was abundant in winter, it survived as late as the 1950s.-As ice harvesting died out, the evidence of its former vast scale rapidly disap- peared. There was no alternative use for the great ice- _houses, many of which simply burned down, often set - alight by a spark from a steam train—they were surpris- 65 70 ingly flammable, as most were made of wood and kept as dry as possible to better preserve the blocks of ice they housed. But the-majority were demohshed or srmply rotted away. Over a wide area of the northern states, young “diving enthusiasts with no knowledge of the former ice trade still emerge from lakes and rivers clutching an impressive variety of odd implements—plows and chis- .els and scrapets:that fell through the ice during the har- vesting. One or:two museums keep small. displays of L these tools, and collectors have preserved manufactur- 75 ers’ catalogs that proudly present their versions of the ice plow, the ice saw, the grapple, the Jack grapple, the breaking-off bar, thé caulk bar, the packing chisel, the house bar, the fork bar, the float hook, the line _marker, and many other specialist 1mplements the use of which has long been forgotten " The 1nner—crty icehouses have also gone, and the ~ice. wagon: and the iceman are rapidly fading memories. All that'is left in America of this once-great industry is * the water itself, which provided a continuously renew- 85. able supply of ice each winter. There are few memorials on the banks of the rivers and lakes that once produced : "such a vital ctop. 11 Whrch of the follow1ng events referred to in the pas- sage occurred last chronologically? ' A. The first comprehen51ve report on the ice 1ndustry : - of the United States was commissioned. . -Divers emerged from lakes and rivers clutching ice industry implements, . - $1.5 million. . , .- The price of ice rose from $4 to $5 a ton. B ' C “Two thousand cargoes of ice were sold for around D GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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12. The passage states that,.in terms of the natural-ice industry, the decade from 1869 to 1879 Was: character- ized by : F. significant growth. G. damaging publicity. H. high shipping prices. J. mldly declining demand.- 13. As.it is used in lines 19—20 the phrase ‘the metropolts most-likely refers to: " A. Albany. B." New York City. C. Phlladelphla : D. the average US mty of. the 18703 14. Based on the passage, the 1879 Mame ice that was fif- teen to twenty. inches thick can best be described as: ~ F. a top-quality crop that was shipped to New York ’ City, Philadelphia, and destinations further south. G. sufficient for-local demand but not a solut1on to the problem of the ice “famine” in the South.* H. typical of Maine crops. of ice untll the ice “famlne " .struck. J remarkable but surpassed in-size and quahty by crops the following year. 15. The main idea of the fourth paragraph (lmes 55—67) is that: A. the natural-ice. mdustry dechned ‘OVEer several decades, leaving few traces of its magnitude. - B. the arrival of the steam tram s1gnaled the-demise of ice harvesting, C. icehouses were extremely ﬂammable and therefore few remain. D. in the 1950s, the natural-ice industry experienced - a short-lived revival. . ACT-CO1 16. 17. The author most clearly-indicates that the: contents of - the manufacturers’ catalogs referred to in the fifth para- -graph (lines' 68—80) typify the natural-i -ice industry’s: K. rapld response to market changes. G. ability to erect icehouses quickly. H. wide array.of tools. J. . simple:work. . On which of the following points does. the author con- tradict himself elsewhere in the passage? "A. “Of the eight miillion tons of ice harvested, about five'million reached the consumer” (lines 10=11). ' - B. ““The New York supphers 'did not explore the use _ of artificial refngerat1on” (lines 34-36). C. “There was no alternative use for the great ice- ~ houses” (hnes 61— 62) “D.” “All that is’ left in America of this once- great 18. , mdustry is the water 1tself” (lines 83—84) According to the passage in the time period referred to ““in the first ‘paragraph, how much of New York City’s 19.. ice was made art1fic1ally‘7 o F. The vast majorlty G. About half - H. About ten percent J. None. . The passage states that for shlppmg purposes natural ice was sometimes packed in: A. refrigerated boxcars. .B. waterproof tarps. - «C.-sawdust and hay. - 'D. ‘paper and cloth. -The passage mdlcates that the: flrst real-crisis in the : natural -ice mdustry can be attnbuted to: .. the Great Depressmn F. . " G. weather pattern.changes. H J . 'the advent of refngeratlon . 'polluted water. : GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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Passage il HUMANITIES: This passage is adapted from the.article “Read My Lips” by Chiara Barznnx (©2012 by the Harpers Magazine Foundation). ) In the passage, dubbing primarily refers 16 ’providing a film with a new sound track, especially dialogue, in a-different language. ‘Filmmakers have-debated the respective ‘merits. of subtitles and dubbing since. the earliest.sound films. In “The Impossible Life of Clark Costa,”. published in 1940 in the film journdl Cinema, director Michelangelo Antonjoni wrote that Romolo Costa the person: who dubbed all of actor Clark Gable’s performances, was a “hybrid individual born. out of a chemical combina- " tion.” This “half Clark, half Costa” was unbearable to 10 15 20 25 30 40 45 50 Antonioni, who. considered dubblng to ‘be a mere “acoustic surrogate” of acting. To him, dubbmg com- promised the intention of the director, leading to an artificial product that lacked artistic unity. Director Pier Paolo Pasolini, who called both dubbing and subtitles “evils,” said that, between the two, dubbing was the less - harmful since it allowed you o see the plcture in full. Director Jean Renoir called dubbmg a *monstrosity, a challenge to human and divine laws B Director Fedenco Fellini’ d1dn t agree ‘with any of them. Dubbing was an extension of hlS shoots nique ‘he ‘would usé to retouch and t lessly dubbed over his actors, cha‘ postproductlon sometimes having - , script. (He reportedly instructed his actors:to count aloud in front of the camera so that he could insert new dialogue afterward) Renato Cortem, a-veteran Pellini dubber, told me that, during the filming of Amarcord (1973), he witnessed Fellini ask an old Neapolitan lady . to tell him a sad- story. Over footage of this woman - recounting a traglc tale about her grandson Fellini added a new sound track about war and hunger. recorded by an actor from’ Ermha-Romagna ‘combining the vivid expressiveness of the South w1th ‘his favorite northern accent. ' If you visit a dubbing studio, the.over—the-top zest of the actors is evident in everything from their melo- dramatic speech to their movements; standing in front of the microphone, they coil and twitch. T asked Cortesi whether this was a consequence of havmg to focus one’s lifelong talent into the few centimeters between mouth and microphone, a kind of bodily rebellion to the . condition of bemg ‘heard but not seen, and he laughed. “Of course it isn’t easy to spend a life in the darkness, but this is hardly the reason why they twitch and turn! Dubbers are used to reciting while trying to te-create the bodily sensations of what they see on'the screen before them. If there is running in the film, they will run on their feet. The moving,” he explained, “is the result of re-creating large movements in small spaces.” There are still few options for those seeking to watch subtitled, ‘original-language films at a movie house in Italy. The. Metropolitan cinema on Via del . Corso closed recently after a long battle involving intel- L AGTIGeH ¢y B e 55 lectuals, show-business people, and American and British -expats in Rome, to-be replaced with a clothing store. Italians remain hooked on dubbing—perhaps because of simple affection. Famlhar voices y1e1d emo- t10na1 attachment Francesco Vairano, a dubber and dubbing director <known for adapting foreign films considered to be 60 65 70 75 “undubbable,” such as the French box office hit Bien- venue chez les Ch’tis (“Welcome to the Sticks,” 2008), which reliés on linguistic misunderstandings for much of its .comedy, explained that actors become just as attached to their parts as audiences do. Vairano has been one of the few directors to break-the habit of matching the same Italian dubber to a foreign actor for all his films, preferring instead to select the dubber according to the requirements of the role, and, he admits, he was hated by all the prima donna dubbers for this. “If you take that actor away from them,” he told me, “they w1ll insult you (In ,2007,5-1 met-dubber Luca Ward, who provided the voice :of the narrator for a romantic comedy I co- wrote; - Scusa-ma-Ti Chiamo Amore (“Sorry but I Love You”).-What 1.didn’t then know was that everyone Ward .. met wanted -him to recite-actor Samue! L. Jackson’s 80 Ezekiel 25:17 passage from the film Pulp Fiction, and that I should:consider it-an honor-that he would offer a performance to a stranger. When he finally did recite the ‘monologue, it was astonishing, every dramatic pause carefully timed and every .word perfectly enunci- ated. I understood that, if anybody took Samuel L. - Jackson away :from Ward, it would have meant taking - 85 away a part of his soul; he was, as Antonioni would say, ‘half Ward, half Jackson.:Leaving the day’s-recording session; Wardftold me he was .off . to have dinner with _ actress: Meg. Ryan, before raising an eyebrow and clari- 21, 22. dinner with:-Meg Ryan’s-voice.” fying, “With Meg Ryan’s dubber ... I am having The last sentence of the passage primarily serves to illustrate the passage author’s central claim that: A. a dubber wants others in the film industry to respect the actor he or she usually dubs. B. the work of Ryan’s dubber is as effective as that of Jackson’s dubber. C. a dubber begins to seem almost like a hybrid of him- or herself and the actor he or she dubs. D. Ward is unlike most dubbers in that he prefers to dub many different actors. It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that regarding whether dubbing is useful or valuable, Vairano would most strongly sympathlze with the views of: F. Antonlonl. G. Fellini. | H. Pasolini. J. Renoir. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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et i 23. 25. -D. No, and he corrects her" mrsrnterpretatron with an 26. The main function -of .:the " second - paragraph (lmes 18-33) is for the passage author'to’ present: A. her own ideas as an example of a contemporary _ perspective on the merits of dubbing: a perspective on dubbing that bluntly counters those outlined in the first paragraph. *cism of his work. a claim, céntered on Fellini’s work, that strength— _ens the argument she makes in the first paragraph B C. Fellini’s personal, direct response to Renorr s Criti- b The “anecdote about Fellini’s footage of a woman recounting a tragic tale (hnes 25—33) pnmanly serves to: . F. explain why Fellini preferred to. feat_ure voices -with northern accents:in his films.. Lo . provide a famous example of Fellini closer fol‘ lowing scripted dialogue. Fellini’s craft. .. G H. illustrate the extent to which dubbmg was a part of . J show: why Fellini preferred hrs actors to follow a ‘ seript rather than tell their own stories. As Cortesi is presented in the passage, ‘does-t,he,;, agree with the passage author’s assumptions about the reason for dubbers’ “over-the-top. zest” (line 34)? . - : A. Yes, and he thinks that she should VlSlt h1s dub- - bingstudio to see*how he works. ™ B. Yes, and hie suggeésts-that the reason-is the dubber 8 condition of being heard but not seen. ' C. No, and he gruffly makes clear his behef that’ she - does not at all understand a dubber’s work." explanatron of his own. It can most reasonably be mferred from the passage - that the Metropolitan cinema on Via del Corso was Sme known for showmg films that had been: dubbed only subtitled only. both dubbed and subtrtled neither dubbed nor subtrtled ACT-COt 35 27. The passage most strongly suggests that at movie houses in Italy today; compared to- subtrtled ongmal- +language films, dubbed films can be found " A.. ‘much more easily.’ B. aboutaseasily. C. slightly.less easily. D. “much less easily. b 28. The passage indicates that a forergn film with which of .. -the followmg characterrstrcs is partlcularly drfficult to dub? F ngurstrc mlsunderstandrng that creates comedy G. Dramatic action that advances plot H. Reverse chronology that provides.context : J Extensrve monologues ‘that further charactenzatron 29 Accordlng to the. passage the work of dubbmg director . Vairano differs from that of most. other Itahan drrectors in that Vairano: AL focuses oh dubbmg French films into Itahan - B. -does not necessarily match the‘same Italian dubber _ to the same foreign actor for all his films. : C. works mostly with “prima donna” dubbers. P, - does not-believe: that dialogue should be rewritten oy durrng a dubbmg sessron 30 Asitis. used in lmes 1617, the phrase a challenge to’ ‘most. nearly means: F. an assault on.: G. -adeclaration.of. H. aquestion for. J. an offer to. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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Passage IV i 10 i5 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 NATURAL SCIENCE: This passage is'adapted from the essay “Making Stuff: From Bacon to- Bakelite” by Phlhp Ball (©2010 . by. Phlhp Bali). During the Industrial Revohmon the hlgh price of steel meant that many large engineering projects were carried out that used instead cast iron, which is brittle and prone to failure. This was why _Henry'Bessemer’s new process for making steel was greeted ‘with jubila- tion: the details, announced at a meeting of the British Association in 1856, were: published. in-full in The Times. Bessemer himself was lauded ‘not:just as an engineer but as a scientist, being elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1879 . Bessemer’s process controlled the amount of carbon mixed with iron to make steel. That the propor— tion_of carbon governs the hardness was first noted in 1774 by the Swedish metallurgist Torbern Bergmann, who was by any standards a scientist, teaching chem- istry, physics and mathematics at Uppsala. Bergmann made an externsive study of the propensity of different chemical elements to combine with one another—a property known ‘as elective affinity, central to the eighteenth-century notion of chemical réactivity. He was a mentor and sponsor of Carl Wilhelm:Scheele, the greatest Swedish: chemlst of. the age: and co-dlscoverer of oxygen. s v Oxygen, as a component of air, ‘was the key to the Bessemer process. It offered a way of removing impuri- ties from pig iron and adjusting its carbon content during conversion to steel. -A blast of air through the molten metal turned-impurities such as silicon into light silica slag (a collection of compounds removed from’ metal in the smelting process), and removed carbon in the form of volatile carbon dioxide. Pigi iron contains as much as 4 per cent carbon; steels have only around 0.3-2 per cent. Meanwhile, the heat produced: in these reactions with oxygen kept the 1ron molten Wlthout the need for extra fuel. v It was long known that steel can be. 1mproved with a spice of other elements. A dash of the metal man- ganese helps to remove oxygen and sulphur from the iron, and most of the manganese currently produced globally is used for this purpose. Manganese also makes’ stéel stronger, while nickel and chromium improve its hardness. And chromium is the key additive in stainless steel—in a proportion of more than about 11 per cent, it makes the metal rust-resistant. Most modern steels are therefore alloys blended to give the desired properties. But is this science? Some of the early innovations in steel alloys were chance discoveries, often due to- impurities incorporated by accident. In this respect, metallurgy has long retained the air of an artisan craft, akin to the trial-and-error explorations of dyers, glass- makers and potters. But the reason for this empiricism is not -that the science of metallurgy is trivial; it is because it is so difficult. Accordlng to Rodney ACT-CO1 55 .Cotterill, :a:remarkable British physicist whose exper- tisesstretched from the sciences of materials to that of the brain, ‘metallurgy is one of our most -ancient arts, - but is often referred to as one of the youngest sciences’. 60 One of the principal drfficultles in understanding the behaviour of materials such as steel is that this depends on its structure over a wide range of length . scales, from the packing of individual atoms to the size 65 and: shape of grains micrometres or even millimetres in size. Science has trouble dealing with such a span of . scales. One might-regard this difficulty as akin to that _in the social sciences, where social behaviour is gov- " erned by how individuals behave but also how we inter- 70 75 act on the scale of families and neighbourhoods, within entire’ cities, and at a national level. (That’s why the social sciences-are arguably among the hardest of sci- ences t00.) The mechanical properties of metals depend on how flaws in the crystal structure, called defects, move and interact. These defects are produced by almost inevitable “imperfections in the ‘regular stacking -of atoms in the crystalline material. The most common " typeof stacking fault is-called a dislocation. Metals 80 85 bend, rather than shattering like porcélain, because dis- locations can-shift:arotind and accommodate the defor- mation. - But. .if dislocations accumulate and get éntangled, restricting their ability to move, the metal becomes brittle. This-is-what happens after repeated deformation, causing :the cracking known as metal fatrgue Dislocations can also-get trapped at the bound- aries between the fine, microscopic grains that divide a . metal into'mosaics.of crystallites. The arrest of disloca- tions at grain edges means that metals may be made harder by reducing the size of their grains, a useful trick for modifying their mechanical behaviour. ~31. The main purpose of the passage is to: - "“A. explain in detail the various experiments Bessemer . .. .conducted in order to develop a better steel.’ B. provide an overview of some of the scientific prin- ciples that apply to the.creation and behavior of steel. C. describe some of the philosophical questions con- cerning metallurgy. D. illustrate the differences between pig iron and cast iron. 32. The author most likely includes details about the initial response to Bessemer’s new steel-making process in order to: F. emphasize that Bessemer’s new process was a sig- _nificant achievement for industry. G. provide support for the author’s opinion that Bessemer’s new process was prone to failure. H. describe Bessemer’s qualifications as an engineer. J. provide specific examples of the criticism that Bessemier’s new process received. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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33. It can reasonably be inferred that the author includes - the information that. Bergmann was.a mentor and spon- , sor -of Scheele’s mainly to: : A well as a scientist. , - B. suggest that Bergmann Was ‘a ‘more- successful sci- entist than Scheele was. "~ C. give an example of the. elghteenth century not1on - of scientific communities. D. reinforce Bergmann’s credlblhty asa sc1ent1st 34. According to the passage, whlch of the followmg con- .. versions is a direct result of addmg oxygen to molten' pig iron? F. Lightsilica slag is converted mto carbon dlox1de G. Carbon dioxide is converted into carbon. = H. Silicon is'converted into light silica slag. J. Impurities in the metal are converted into silicon. 35. In the context of the passage the main effect of the word sprce * (line.37)is to emphasize that: : A-'-.,,‘elements ‘must ‘be* gradwally mixed into steel in .- 'orderto produce the desired effect. - : adding certain elements to steel ¢can enrlch the steel’s quality. manganese, chromium, and mckel are used spar- ingly in steel because of their expense.. ‘ . ‘blending elements is a trial-and-error process that has not yet y1elded posmve results : B C. D . Based on the passage with which of the followmg y ' statements would the author most llkely agree" : j 8 Metallurgy is not an-art be ause 1t requrres too ‘much sc1ent1fic knowledge _ Metallurgy is - too drfficult 0. be cons;dered a science. ... Metallurgy is a Science as Well as.an art. *’l'Metallurgy isa tr1V1al smence '.«-f.’m gu introduce the fact that. Bergmann was a teacher as‘ o 3'7. The passage- most strongly suggests. that the: study of ... the behavior ‘of materials and the study of the social 77 sciences are. similar- ‘because they: requlre alyses that span.a wide range of scales. : and-error experimentation. . involve: exam1 atlon of the size and :shape of indi- - . -vidual . ' ptodu éwe | _;;-, ' hat must be mterpreted by both 1sts Sy : . "he crystal structure of a metal deter- mine that metal’s mechanical Pproperties. dislocations:are. the most.common type of stackmg fault-in a metal. the ‘mechanical behav1or of a metal can be modi- - fied by in ize'of a ‘metal’s grains. ' ains d1v1de a metal 1nto mosalcs of @ : As itisw ed m lme 56 the Word stre hed most nearly 39. © ‘means A stramed , . "B. jexaggerated © €. ‘extended. P D. amplified. -~ 40. Accordmg to the’ passage reducmg the s1ze of a ‘metal’s grains can make the metal ‘ h o) more rust-res1stant G. more brittle. H. finer.” J harder. END OF TEST 3 STOP' DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO. 37 ACT-Co1 . DO NOT RETURN TO A PREVIOUS TEST. '

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SCIENCE TEST 35 M/nutes —40 Questlons ,CDIRECTlONS, There are several passages in thls test. - Each passage:is followed by several questions. After - > :readmg a passage .choose the best answer to each © ‘question and fill in’ ‘the corresponding ‘oval on your ',"answer document You may refer to the passages as “often as necessary. » _;;_Y,Qu ,arefN,()_T,penmtted.zto use a caicﬂ!at’c’:r on this test. Passage | | The termite Retzculttermes ﬂavzpes ,consumes ‘wood and bark. A study examined whether the cons mption of . _ ~ - wood or bark mulch by R..flavipes varies with the type of A mulch or the age of the mulch. Separate portions of each ' ~ SRS of 5 types of mulch wete-aged (allowed t6 decay) for 1, 24, were put into'a second box, and 2 g of ‘each type of 48-week-old mulch were put into a third box. N R. flavipes was added to-each box. After 15 ¢ : of mulch consumed;-inmilligrams (mg) wasf.detemnned for each type and age of mulch (see figure) Key type of mulch B cedar “{] cypress oak: et ey @ oak bark and 48 weeks. Then, 2 g-of each type of 1-week-old mulch , s REEIRT FEOET S B pine bark were put-into a box,.2 g-of each type:of 24-week-old mulch LR g - . ext, 1g of 160 140 = g 1203 E - ‘ %“’1'0‘0 g Kok .§ . 80 : £ 602 g 404 20 - 0 LNETT 24 48 ACT-CO1- mulch age (weeks) . F;gure adapted from:O. P. Pinzon, R. M. ‘Houseman, and C. J. -+ . Starbuck; *Feeding, Weight Change, Survival, and Aggregation of Reticulitermes flavipes {Kollar) (isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Seven Varieties of Differentially-Aged Mulch.” ©2006 by the Horticultural Research Institute. - 8 GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE.

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1. Of the following combinations.of type of mulch and mulch age, which combination resulted in the greatest mass of mulch consumed by R. flavipes ? type of 'muich ‘mulchage A. oak 24 weeks B. pine bark 24 weeks C oak 48 weeks : - D pine bark 48 weeks - . Which of the following. statements about the effect of “mulch age on the consumption of mulch by R. flavipes is consistent with the figure? As mulch age increased from 1 week through 48 weeks, the mass of mulch con- sumed by R. flavipes: F. decreased for all 5 types of mulch. G. mcreased for-all 5 types of mulch. _ H..initially decreased for all 5-types of mulch, but “'. then.increased forsome of the 5 types of mulch. J. initially increased for all 5 types of mulch, but then decreased for some of the 5 types of mulch. . Based on the passage, would R. flavipes be classified as an autotroph or as a detritivore, and Why" ' A. Autotroph, because R. flavipes produces its own energy without consuming organic material. B. Autotroph, because R. flavipes obtains its energy by consuming decaying organic material. C. Detritivore, because R. flavipes produces its own energy without consuming organic material. D. Detritivore, because R. flavipes obtains its energy by consuming decay1ng organic material. ACT-CO1 39 O 0000000 04 ‘4, B Based on the passage, is the primary food source of R flavipes more likely cellulose or cholesterol? “Cellulose; R. flavipes consumes the cell mem- " branes of ammal cells, and the cell membranes of " animal cells contain cellulose. o G. Cellulose; R. flavipes consumes the cell ‘walls of plant cells .and.the cell walls of plant cells consist primarily of cellulose. “Cholesterol; R. ﬂavzpes consumes the cell mem- “branes of animal cells, and the cell membranes of animal cells contain cholesterol. J. Cholesterol; R. flavipes consumes the cell walls of plant cells, and the cell walls of plant cells consist pnmarﬂy of cholesterol Which of the followmg statements comparing the con- sumption by R. flavipes of 1-week-old oak mulch, 24-week-old oak mulch, and 48-Week~old oak mulch is supported by the figure‘7 S ~'A. More lweek old mulch was consumed than B. 24- week-old mulch and more 24-week-old mulch was consumed ihan 48- week-old mulch, Less 1-week-old mulch- was consumed than 24-week-old mulch, and less 24-week-old mulch was consumed than 48-week-old mulch. C. More 1-week-old mulch. was consumed than 24-week-old mulch, and less 24- week-old mulch was-consumed than 48-week-old mulch. - . D. Less 1-week-old mulch was consumed than . ‘24-week old mulch, and more 24-week-old mulch ‘was consumed than 48 week-old mulch.. What mass, in grams (NOT rmlhgrams) of the 48-week-old oak bark mulch was consumed by R. flavipes ? F. 0:06g G. 014 ¢ H. 06¢g J. 14¢ GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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Passage Il Sampiles of Speci‘.es‘C bacteria must of_ten'be trans- ported from the areas in which they are collected. During transport, the samples are typically: packed. in ice to keep 4000000000 them alive. However, ice is not always available where the samples are collected. Scientists studied how Iyophilization (a freeze-drying process that doesn’t require ice) followed by incubation affects the survival -of 2 strains (Strain E and Strain V2) of Species C bacteria. . Experiment 1 ‘ o . The scientists placed a 100 uL (1 pL =107 mL) sample of a nutrient medium containing 4 % 10° Strain E elementary bodies into each of 8 sterile fest tubes. An ele- mentary body is the infective form. of Species C. The sample in each of the tubes was then lyophilized, and each tube was sealed. Two of the tubes were incubated at 4°C, 2 were incubated at 20°C, 2 were incubated at 30°C, and 2 were incubated at 37°C. One week after the start of incubation, the percent survival (the percent of the elementary bodies that sur- vived) was determined for the sample in'1 of the 2 tubes at each temperature. Then, 1 month after the start of incuba- Table 1 Incubation . Percent (%) survival at: temperature Strain.| . (°C) . 1 week 1 month 4 - 52 51 E 20 69 - 42 30 - 5 4 37 0 0 Experiment 2 - The scientists repeated Experiment 1, except with - Strain V2 instead of Strain E. The results are shown in tion, the percent survival was determined fot the sample in - the remaining tube at each temperature. The results are shown in Table 1. . ACT:CO1 40 Table 2. Table 2 Incubation | Percent (%) survival at: : temperature — Strain -(°0) - 1 week 1 month 4 59 6 20 29 4 v2 30 -2 2 37 ' 0 0 Tables adapted trdm Adrian Eiey etal, “Effect of Storage Temper- ature on Survival of Chlamydia trachomatis after Lyophilization.” ©2006 by American Society for Microbiology. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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7. 10. C. Which of the following statements’ describes a differ- ence between Experiment 1 and Expenment 27 A. A different incubation temperature was tested in - Experiment 1 than in Experiment 2. A different strain of Species C was tested in : Expertment 1'than in Expenment 2. B. being ‘transported, whereas samples in Experi- ment 2 were tiansported on ice. Samples in Experiment 1 were mcubated for 1 week before being transported whereas samples “in Experiment 2 weré incubated for 1 month before being transported D. Suppose that in Experiment 2 the sc1entrsts had deter- mined the percent survival for a sample incubated at 25°C for 1 week. The percent survival of the Strain V2 elementary bodies in the sample would most likely have been: F.. 0%. G..-between 2% and 29% : H. between 29% and 59%. J. greater than 59%. . At which 2 temperatures was the percent surv1val of Strain V2 elementary bodies less for the Ionger 1ncuba- ‘tion time than for the shorter mcubatmn time? A. 4°Cand 20°C B. 4°Cand37°C - C. 20°Cand 30°C D. 20°C and 37°C Whrch of the following questlons was NOT addressed " by the experiments? F. Does incubation time affect the percent survival of Strain E and Strain V2 elementary bodies after lyophilization? Does temperature affect the percent survival of Strain E-'and Strain V2 elementary bodies after lyophilization?- - Does the number of. Stram E or Strain V2 elemen~ tary bodies present in a sample before lyophiliza- tion affect their percent survival? G. H. -"J. Do Strain E elementary bodies have a greater per- ‘cent survival than Strain V2 elementary bodies after lyophilization and incubation? AGT-CO1 Samples in Experiment 1 were lyophilized before - 41 O 0O OO “O O 04 11. One week after the start of incubation, which of the 4 samples ‘of Strain V2 elementary bodies would have "-been least likely to infect another: organism that came “into contact with the samples? | A: 'The sample that hiad been incubated at 4°C B. The'sample that had been incubated at 10°C " C. The sample that had been incubated at 20°C 12. D. The sample that had been incubated at 37°C Suppose that a scientist wants’ to' transport a lyophi- lized sample of Strain E elementary bodies. Based on the results of Experiment 1, which.of the followmg ~ combinations of femperature.and transportation time- Ty 13, . would most like ‘ensure the, greatest percent survival of the elementa.ry,bodles" ‘ ' F. 4°C.and 1.week G. 4°Candlmonth H. 20°C.and 1 week 20°C and 1 month Consider’ the - ‘rating . systerfi in the table below for the percent survival of -elementary bodies after lyophrhzatron Ratrng » Percent survival | Excellent | >90%. = ~Good .- |.230% and < 90% Poor.- 1 <30% .. Based 'on this table, what is the . totalr number of tubes in Expenment 1 that contamed samples having a poor percent survival? A 2 I B. 4 ’ C. 6 D. 8 . GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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Passage HI When an object is submerged ina ﬂu1d the object dis- places a volume of fluid equal to the: object’s submerged volume. The fluid exerts an upward buoyant force on the object that is equal in magsgitude to the weight of the dis- placed fluid. The object floats if. the buoyant force equals the object s we1ght ) , A group of students conducted 2 studies on buoyant forces using 3 ﬂuldsmwater FluldA -and Fluid B— having densities of 1.0 g/em’, 1.25 glem®, and 1.50 g/cm’, respectively. Study 1 “The students pIaced a: 10 cm-long cylmder in‘a con- tainet of water and-measuréd the length of the portion of the cylinder that was! submerged They then repeated this procedure with: a container of thd A and a’ contalner of Fluid B (see F1gure 1) : . FuidA water . FluidB 'F‘igure' 1 Study 2 . ' _ The students placed a stone—-——elther Stone X, Stone Y, ~ or Stone Z—in a net that was tied to a $pring balance. T hey recorded the force mieasured: ‘by the balance as the stone’s’ weight, W. They then submerged thé stone in water and 0000 000 0 0L again recorded the force measured by the balance (see Figure 2) ACT-COT * 42 Figure 2. * The students calculated the buoyant force on the stone in water as W minus the force that was measured when the stone was submerged ‘They repeated this procedure to test all 3 stomes:in all-3 fluids. Table 1 lists each stone’s volume, in cm3 and' W, in newtons (N), as well as the buoyant force, in N, on each stone in the fluid. Table 1 , Buoyant force (N) in: N Volume | W — "Stone (cm3) (N} | water | Fluid A | Fluid B X 48 1.50 | 0.47 0.59 0.70 Y 96 1.50 {094 | ~1.18 1.41 -z 96 {3.00| 094 | 1.18 1.41 - GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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14. 15. 16. 17. - B Based on the results of Study 2, as-the density of the fluid in which Stone X was submerged increased, the buoyant force.on Stone X: S F. decreased only. G. increased only. H. decreased and then mcreased J. varied with no general trend Based on the results of Study 2, for Stone Y, what was the difference between the buoyant force: m Fluid A and the: buoyant force in Fluid B 7. , A. 0.1IN B. 023N C. 047N D. 071N Suppose the students decrde to study Whether a cyhn- der’s volunie determines the ‘submerged length’ of the cylinder in a given fluid. Which of the following'pro- cedural ehanges should the students make to Study 17? . Thestudents should test: ' F. “asingle cylinder with multiple fluids; the fluids ‘'should each.have the same density as the cylinder. G. a single cylinder with multiple. fluids; the flurds should have different densities. = - H. multiple cylinders witha single fluid; the cyhnders - should have drfferent volumes but the same density. -J. multiple cylinders wrth a single ﬂurd the cyhnders should have different werghts but “the same volume. . In Study 1, did the cylinder: d1splace a greater volume of water or a greater volume of Fluid A ? A. was greater in water than in Fluid A. ‘Water, because the cylinder’s submerged length ‘was gredterin Fluid A-than'in-water.” Fluid A, because the: cylinder’s submerged length was greater in water than in Fluid A. D. Fluid A, because the cylinder’s. submerged length was greater in Fluid A than.in water C. ACT-CO1 Water, because the cylinder’s submerged lengthk 43 O000000O0O04 18. Suppose that in Study 1 the students had:placed:the cylinder i ina container -of fluid having a density of - 1:60 glem?. ~The:submerged- length of: the cyhnder 19. el s 20. G. between 4.9 cm and 5.9 cm.. Would most hkely have been less than 4.9 ¢ H. between 5.9 cm and 7.4 cm. J. greater than 74 cm. Suppose that in Study 2 the students had tested a stone having the same weight as Stone Z but a larger volume than Stone Z. Which of the following statements about the buoyant force on this submerged stone would be correct? The buoyant force on this’ stone in: water would have been less than 0.94 N. Fluid A would have been less than 1.18 N. Fluid B would have been greater than 1.41 N. water would have been greater than the buoyant force on thrs stone in Flurd A. Assume’ that Atlantrc Ocean water has a dens1ty of 1.01:g/cm® and that Pacific Ocean water has a' density of 1.03 g/cm’. Based on the results of Study 1, in which ocean would a given iceberg more hkely ‘have the greater submerged volume? : F. The Atlantic Ocean, because the results of Study 1 indicate that.submerged Volume increases as fluid density decreases. ’ The Atlantic Ocean, because the results of Study 1 indicate that submerged volume decreases as fluid " ~density decreases. H. The Pacific Ocean, because the results of Study L indicate that submerged volume increases as fluid density decreases. J. The Pacifie Ocean, because the results of Study 1 indicate that submerged volume decreases as fluid density decreases. = - GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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Passage IV- Chemical reactrons that release heat are exothermzc reactions. The amount of heat released: depends on the number of moles of reactants consumed. in the reaction. A mole of any substance is 6 x 10*> molecules or formula units of the substance.’ , S When sodium - hypochlorite (NaClO) and sodium iodide (Nal) are dissolved in acidic H,O, an exothermic reaction occurs:’ ' _ . NaClO + Nal — products + heat Students did an experiment tofstudy thisreaction. - . Experiment In each of 8 tnals the students performed Steps 1-5: 1. A’known volume of. a0.2 moIe/L aqueous NaClO solu-- tion -was poured mto a foam coffee cup. A hd was placed on the cup. ' 2. A thermometer was pIaced into the soluuon through a hole in"the 1id. The solution’s 1n1t1a1 temperature, T, of 22.0°C was recorded 3. The lid was lifted, and a known volume of a:0. 2 mole/L Co aqueous Nal solution, also at a. T} of 22:0°C,- was poured into the cup. The lid was put back on the cup, and the solution was swirled: , 40000000004 4. The solution’s final (maxunum) temperature T;, was measured. 5. The change in temperature, ‘AT, was célCulated: ' CAT=T,= The data for each trial are shown in Table 1. ACT-GOY. > 44 Table 1 Volume of | Volume of NaClO Nal solution- solution T | AT Trial (mLy " | (mL) | (°O)| (O 1 .0 {100 22.0] 0.0 2 25 150 2551 .35 3 50 501290 7.0 4 - 70 30 317} 9.7 .5 75 25 3251105 6 80 20 306 8.6 7 90 10 262 | 4.2 8 100 "0 22.0| 0.0 L Thestudent_slgplotted,Aj:' versus the volume of NaClO solution for each trial (see Figure 1). 12 — 10 . A N P A N // \{ o 3 : g P Ve i’ 6 i : ; r/ \ < 4 1 30 // ’ O"‘llll;!|li |j|||k||n T 'Iyllld'}‘lyvl;:l‘r‘l( nitt |t;|‘|||| 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 volume of NaClO solution (mL) Figure 1 Table and figure adapted frorn M. Jerome Bigelow, “Thermochem- istry of Hypochlorite Oxidations.” ©1969 by Division of Chemmal Education, Inc., American Chemical Socxety Then ithey'i‘d‘entified ’the itriai for w_hic‘h'AI had-its greatest value. The ratio“of the volume of the NaClO solution to the volume of the Nal solution for this trial is the mole ratio for the reaction. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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21. Jf-aitreial had been performed: with 60-mL. of NaClO. C 22, 23. 24. - solution‘and 40 mL of-Nal solutlon Tf wonld most likely have been: A. less than 25.5°C. o B. between 25.5°Cand 29.0°C: - C. between 29.0°Cand31.7°C. : D. greater than 31.7°C. Before the-wexpenment a student predlcted that AT for Trial 2. _be greater than AT for Trial 6. Do ‘the results shown in Table 1 support this predlctmn" i ,No AT for Trial 2 was 5.1°C less than AT for " Trial 6. ‘No; AT for Trial 2 was 8. 6°C less than AT for Tr1a1 6. Trial 6. Yes; AT for Trlal 2 was: 8.6°C greater than AT for Tnal 6. In. each trial; the total volume of solution poured into the cup was: A. 25 mL B. 50mL. C. 75mlL. D. 100 mL. Conside_r the trial for which the volume of NaClO was 4 times as great as the volume of Nal. For this trial, T} was: F. 25.5°C. G. 26.2°C. H. 30.6°C. J. 32.5°C. ACT-GO1" G. H. Yes; AT for Tnal 2 was 3. 1°C gredter than AT for‘ V J QO 000000004 25. Suppose a trial had been performed with 20 mL of NaClO solution and 80 mL of Nal solution. Based. on -+ Figure'1; AT for this: new trial: would most likely have : been closest to Whmh of the foHowmg‘7 S oC I '“B. Cc 26. " C. 5°C D. 7°C Which of the followmg statements best explalns why - AT was 0.0°C for Trial 8.7 The volume of solutlon 27. B. C. Increased, because the react1on D. -added was O'mL: for one of the: F. products, NaClO, so no reaction, had occurred G. products, Nal,'so no reaction had occurred. ‘H. reactants, NaClO, so no reaction had occurred. J. reactants NaI so no reacuon had occurred. Suppo,ée that the kreec‘,tion studied had been endother- mic. As-the endotheérmic reaction progressed, would " the solution temperature more likely have decreased or increased? A.‘Decreased because the reaction would have released heat Decreased, .because the reaction o absq,rbed heat. would have would have. _released heat. : Increased, because the reactlon would . have absorbed heat. S GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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Passage V 00 0O0O0O0 0004 When rocks are melted at very hlgh temperatures beneath Earth’s surface, magma “(molten rock) is formed. The gases CO, and H;0 can dissolve in magma. Figure 1 shows, for 4 different magmas (leucitite, basanite, rhyohte and tholeiitic basalt), how the solubility of CO, in the magma at 1,150°C varies with pressure (in megapascals, MPz). 4,000 o 3,500 ot /L. 22 30003 leucitite : ‘ SF 25003 LN EION T s & 2,’000 3 / . ,basanite:,/ Ty o AT <l E-E E 1,500 : : " . > e ’I.h Ohte ........ 8 ey = < g ARy , 2 & 1,000 : // . | ] 5003 / % ottt E L b basalt 0;@ - . 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 . i k pressure:! (MPa) “*parts pér million by weight thure 1 Figure 2 shows, at 3 dlfferent pressure'; ""how the solu- b1hty of CO, in rhyol1te magma varies with temperature 3.000—— 88 2,5009™:300 MPa* o e : S5 2,000 \\\ _ B & 1,500 R B o bm ’ E \ r— = E ] I T e : 22 1’000: 100 MPa 22 500 . E. : 0 -+ 650 750 850" 950. 1,050 1,150 ° Figure 2 adapted from Robert.A. Fogel and Malcolm J. Rutherford, “The Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in-Rhyolitic Melts: A Quantitative temperature (°C) Figure 2 FTIR Study.” ©1990 by the Mineralogical Society of America. ACT:COf¥. - 46 Figure 3 shows, at 4 different pressures, how the solu- bility of CO, in. rhyohte magma at 750°C varies with the weight percent of HyO in the magma. 2,500 — , ~ 7777 1 300MPal N_400 MPa S E 9000 TN " B i i N N SE ' D N O 4 znn 4200 MPa e S g 15003 <] \ "?g 1‘0(‘):()~E \\ NN Te | 1100MPai N N BE 5004 . \\\\\\\ = - . N ANCEIEA N N 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 7.0 80 - weight percent of H,O in rhyolite magma Figure 3 Flgures 1 and 3 adapted from Jacob B. Lowenstern, “Carbon Diox- ide in Magmas and |mphcatlons for Hydrothermal Systems.” ©2001 by Springer-Verlag. 28. According to Figure 2, at 300 MPa, the solubility of CO, in rhyolite magma is closest to 2,000 ppmw at which of the following temperatures? E. 700°C G. 750°C H. 800°C - J. 850°C 29. Based on Flgure 3, at 750°C and 350 MPa, rhyolite magma having a solubility of CO, equal to I, 750 ppmw would most likely have a weight percent of HZO that is: A. less than 2.0%. B. between 2.0% and 4.0%. C. between 4.0% and 6.0%. D. greater than 6.0%. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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30 According to Figure 1, at 1 150°C;:the 'olublllty of CO, in basanite magma-and the solubility of CO; in tholeiitic basalt magma-are closest i -which-of the- followmg pairs of pressures?. ST basanite’ magma tholeiitic basal 50 MPa b111ty of C02 in leucmte magma is appro_ rhyolite magma?. A. 1,750 ppmw greater B. 2,300 ppmw greater . Qi 15750.ppmw less. D 2:300:ppmw-less. ACT-CO1 QOQOQQOOOf: much greater than or less than ‘the solubﬂity of C02 in’ 32. According to Flgure 2, mcreaSIng the temperature from 650°C to-1,150°C has the lesser effect on the solubility ~ of €Oy rhyo 1te magma at whlch pressure 100 MPa olubﬂlty of C02 decreases by about c volublhty of CO2 decreases by about 1,300 pp H. 300 MPa; the solublhty -0f CO, décreases by about o400 ppmw.. - J. 300 MPa the solubility of CO, decreases by about : 1,300 ppmw. 33. Conmder the solubility of C02 in rhyolite magma at 750°C and 200 MPa, as shown in Figure 2. According to Figure 3, this rhyolite magma has a weight percent of H,0. closest to which of the followmg‘? - A. 0.0% B. 2.0% C. 4.0% D.. 6.0% GO ON'TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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Passage VI . When viewed from Earth, the other:planets in the solar system usually appear to move prograde (eastward relative to the.stars).. Occasionally, however; each planet appears to briefly move retrograde (westward relative to the stars). For example, Figure 1 shows Mats’s position rel-~ ative to the stars on 9 dates between July 24, 2005, and February 26, ’200.6. S " Key 1 e star © Mars apamoos t e o oe ) A0 7+ 10/01/2005 R Q=P * . ° . e _e. ————— ° o Pocm e B Q- y 12/10/2005 . 2/26/2006 «— west ) eaét—) Figure 1 Two hypotheses were propésed to explain why the - planets occasionally appear to move retrograde. Hypothesis 1 Earth is the solar system’s central body, and the other’ bodies move around Earth in looped orbits. Each body (except Earth) has 2 circles associated with it: a deferent and an epicycle. Both circles rotate counterclockwise, and their combined motions result in a body following.a looped orbit. In Figure 2, the left panel shows Mars’s deferent-and epicycle, and the right panel shows Mars’s orbit. ' Mars . e ~, ’ ~ N\, 2 /& N ... A Mars \ T, i \ . \ - i epicycle N o\ J ' \\ . .Earth / . 4 deferent M’ Figure 2 ACTCOT 000000000 As a body passes through a loop, the body’s metion changes from prograde:to retrograde and back. The larger a - body’s deferent, the more loops in the -body’s orbit, and the more often that body passes through a loop. . Hypdthesis 2 48 The Sun is the solar system’s central body, and the planets move counterclockwise around the Sun in elliptical orbits. The targer a planet’s orbit, the more time the planet takes to complete a revolution around the Sun. As a result, the line of sight from Earth to a given planet drifts over time. Figure 3 shows the orbits of Earth and Mars, and the positions of Earth and Mars, on each of the 4 dates labeled in Figure 1. For éach date, the lirie of sight from Earth to .Mars is projected onto a view of the sky. : There are 2 rules for apparent retrograde motion: e A planet with an orbit larger than Earth’s appears to mové retrograde whenever Earth passes between the Sun and that planet. The larger that planet’s orbit, the more often a pass occurs. ' e A planet with an orbit smaller than Earth’s appears to move retrograde whenever that planet passes between the Sun and Earth. The smaller that planet’s orbit, the more often a pass occurs. o —— -~ e ~, /// \\\ SN Earth_ / 4 \\\ A\ S %\ \ i % i { . i A . VA S S / %\ 5\\ Pa I} \ ) s% / PN VAT . /& n.\ /‘d . /l i YT i/ Mars \\*.% ; {,e;_ i ~B- e e H 3 —_.g.— H -"(:» '.“: . ': .‘ . L] e kS . F _ . yo. hd .-3 s e M . T oé——’— P e & . L] ° P o ® % . hd A P * . Figure 3 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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34. Which of the followmg statements best descnbes a prr- _mary difference between the two: hypotheses" Hypoth— : esis 1 claims that all planets follow: F. looped orbits around Earth, whereas Hypothesrs 2. claims that all planets follow elliptical orbits around the Sun. G. looped orbits around Earth, whereas Hypothesrs 2 11 claims that all planets foll tical orbits around Earth. . H. elllpucal orbrts,ar'und th Sun wh Yo 5182 claims ¢ ] pl_ _et,“f : all’ olloWI ' ,Varound the Sun.” pothe- : J elhptrcal orbits around the Sun, whereas Hypothe— sis'2 claims that all planets follow looped orbits 'around Earth. 35. Assume that Figures 2 and 3 are drawn to scale Whrch ~ of the figures, if either, implies that the distance between Earth and Mars varies with time? A. Flgure 2 only - B.:“Figure 3 only C. Both Figure 2-and Flgure 3 D. Neither Figure 2 nor Figure 3 36. Consider both the interval of time represented in Fig- ures 1 and 3 and the reason that, according to Hypothe- sis 2, the line of sight from Earth to Mars drifts over time. Is the top portion of Figure 3 consistent with that reason" F. Yes;Earthis. shown as having the smaller orb1t and - as having completed a greater percentage of its . revohition around the Sun than is- Mars. . G. Yes; Earth is shown as having the larger orbit and 2 as hav1ng completed a greater percentage of its: revolution around the Sun than is Mars. H. No; Earth is shown as having the smaller orbit and ~ as having completed a greater percentage of its revolution around the Sun than is Mars. J. No; Earth is shown as having the larger orbit and as having completed a greater percentage of its revolution around the Sun than is Mars. ~ 37. Based on Figure 1, as viewed from Earth for approxi— mately how many days between July 2005 and Febru- ary 2006 did Mars move retrograde” A: 30 B. 70 - C. 150 D. 220 ACT-CO1 orblts S 38 A supporter of Hypothesrs ‘l’»-': and ar supporter of Hypothesis 2 would both-be likely to agree with which of the following statements? When viewed from Earth, if a planet appearts t0 be moving prograde; ‘that planet ' is actually moving: . clockwise around Earth. fo . clockwrse around the central bo y:m the solar - system:- : counterclockwrse around the Sun icounterclockw1se around the~central body in the solar system 39. Based on Frgures 1 and 3, if : Hypothesrs 2 is correct, - which of the following figures most likely shows the positions of Earth and Mars on November 1, 2005 ? A ,/”/— \\\\\ C ,/’ ————— \\\\ N, 4 N, e / —— / ~ A \, / L, \ / P ,/ \\\ \\, /I ’/ \\\ \\ A N \ a4 \ \ [ ST A 1 oy \ 1 i ! by e b i I it i i [ ] i oL e [ g Lo (AW / ! v\ VAR | \ \\ . / // \ N / Vi \ S - £ J . Oa__. // . / . / \3\~~__‘ e \\\ v-4 1 e e 2 40. Can Hypothesrs 2 explaln why Venus occasronally appears:to-move retrograde? ’ F. Yes; Hypothesis 2 accounts for the motion of o planets that.are closer to the Sun than Earth is. G Yes; Hypothesis 2 accounts for the motion of planets that are farther from the Sun than Earth is. --H. No; Hypothesis 2 does not account for the motion ) of planets that are closer to.the Sun than Earth is. J. No; Hypothesis 2 does not account for the motion of planets: that are farther from the Sun than Earth is. 'END OF TEST 4 STOP' DO NOT RETURN TO ‘ANY OTHER TEST. 49

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W ‘read aqross to either outside column of the table and cm:ie the scale score that corresponds to that raw score. As you determine your scale scores, enter them'in the blanks prowded i . Your Scale Score " English Mathematics . Reading on the nght The, ghe possmte scale score for each testis ale score for any test on- which you “Next, compute the mposrte ‘score by averagmg thefour . - scale scores. To do th the sum by 4. I the resul berends in a fraction, round it off to the nearsst whole number. (Round ‘down any fraction less than one-half; round up-any fraction that is ‘one-half or more.) Enter this number in the b The highest possible Com possrble Compos:te score’is 1. e score IS 36. The iowest our. four.scale scores: and divide' is your Composite score. . Science Sum of scores . N Composnte score (sum 4) o / NOTE: if you left a test complete!y bIank and marked no items, do not list a scale score for that test. If any test was completely blank, do not calculate a Composite score. i Raw Scores Scale Test 1 _ Test2 Test 3 -Test 4 Scale Score English Mathematics Reading Science Score 36 73-75 58-60 39-40 39-40 36 70-72 56-57 38 38 35 69 54-55 37 — 34 £8 52-53 36 . 37 33 67 51 , 35 ° 36 32 66 50 . — — 31 65 - 48-49 -84 35 30 64 46-47 33 34 29 6263 44-45 +.82 33 . 28 et 41-43 - 31 32 27. 59-60 38-40 30 31 26 57-58 36-37 .29 29-30 25 54-56 - 34-35 28 27-28 24 -51-563 32-33 26-27 -25-26 23, 49-50 - 30-31 25 23-24 22 46-48 29 24 21-22 2t 43-45 28 22-23 19-20 20 41-42 26-27 - 21 18 19 "40 24-25 20 16-17 18 38-39 21-23 18-19 14-15 17 ‘ 35-37 18-20 17 13 16 A 31-34 14-17 15-16 12 15 14 20-30 1113 14 10-11 14 13 27-28 910 1213 9 13 12 2426 7-8 11 8 12 1 2123 -8 9-10 7 . . 18-20 . B - 8 6 10 g 1617 4 7 5 9 '8 13-15 : <X 6 4 8 T 11:12 e 5 —_ 7 6 9-10 2. 4 3 6 § . 7-8 — 3 2 5 4 5-6 1 — — 4 3 4 — 2 1 3 2. 23 S 1 — -2 i 0-1 o - 0 1 53

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corlng Keys for Form CO1 “Use the scoring key for each test to score your answer document for the mumple chmce tests. Mark a 1" in the "blank for each question you answered correctly. Add up the numbers in each reporting category and enter the total ‘number correct for.each reporting category in the blanks provided. Also enter the:total'number.correct for each test in the blanks prcvuded The total number correct for each testis the'sum of the number correct in each repomng ’ Category : B , : : P . Test 1: English—Scoring Key ~ - — “+.- *Reporting Categories - _gefwt'"g,jj B | v;gep.ortmg* - POW = Production of Writing - ategory™ |+ R S ategory o KLA Knowledge of. Language , Key |POW|KLA | CSE " Key |POW|KLA |CSE| .,CSE Converitions of Standard English 4. H I L FE | _ 5 C . - i 6. F | ___ F ol 7. A C | - 8. G, — S F — 9. A | __ . A _ 10. H — . F | 11. D _ B. - 12. G _ G _ 18. B . D _ 14. J |, —_— J - 15. A | __ A . 16. J _— LG 17. C | o ) . L 18. F |__ J b 19. A _ Gl 20 F . |___ | 21. B — ..B o 22. J _ H{__ 23.° B L D — 24. H o G R . - 25 A | L C [ 2. J | o CHOE . 27 AL | ..b | — | — 28. H | - | |— -G . Number Correct(Raw Score) for: - 30. G | o - cdid i Production of Writing (POW)' RS ‘31. D o el L . ’ 11(23) 32. G —_ J — Knowledge of Language (KLA) '33. B _ B - ' - (12) 34, J |- H —_ . - S 35. D . A _ | Conventions of Standard English (CSE) _ 36 G| e R0 R A | : (40) 37. C| _ " B |__ h Total Number Correct for English Test 38. F . (POW + KLA + CSE) - - (75) 50

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Test 2: Mathematics—Scoring Ke ~ Reporting Cate PHM CEONDOD P % MMIMMOMNPIVCPOONMIIMIOCOT® — *Reporting Categories PHM = Preparing for Higher Math N = Number & Quanity - A = Algebra F = Functions G = Geometry S = Statistics & Probability. IES = Integrating Essential Skills’ MDL = Modeling | -’ . . Rebbfting Category* PHM - F 1< 2 > Fia s |mEsmoL & | AMO > 0PMEMCUO>IVUPUMNUIVAMATCOR® A - . . w4 s gt " st Combine the totals of these cblumns and put in the blank for«PHM in the box below. Numb‘er Cb‘rrect (Raw Score) for: Preparing for ngher Math (PHM) (N+A+F+G+S) (35) Integrating Essential Skills (IES) ‘ (25) Total Number Correct for Mathematlcs Test (PHM +1ES) (60) Modeling (MDL) _ . (Not included in-total'number correct for _ ' (24) mathemattcs test raw score) 51

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Test 3: Reading—Scoring Key - _ .Reporting g *Fl‘epdfi'ififi’é"aj]tegoriesv Reporting | KID = Key Ideas & Details : | Category*. | Category” - CS =Craft & Structure . - Key | KID |- €S | IKI Key | KID'| CS | IKI . IKI = integration of Knowledge & ldeas 1. Dy _ 21. € . 2.J | __ 22. G _ 3. C | 23. B - 4, H | ___ - 24. H —— 5 B S 25. D __= - 6. H _ 26, G 7. A — 27 A 8. F _ 28, F | _. 9. D _ 29. B | _= — 10. F _— 3. F | | Number Correct (Raw Score) for: 1. B | ___ '31. B _ A 2. B | 30 F° L ‘Key Ideas & Details (KID) - 13. B | ___ 33. D~ L : (23) 14, F | __ 34. H | __ Craft & Structure (CS) - 5. A | 3. B | | : Soan 1o B — 36 A — Integration of Knowledge & Ideas (IKI) 17. D . 37. A | __ & S B © 18, J- | 38 F|_ ' ' ‘ 19. C . 39. C [ Total Number Correct for Reading Test 20 J | __ 40. J | (KID + CS + IKl) (40) Test 4: Science—Scoring Key { . e - *Reporting Categories - ggf;rgrr;% : g:;;‘"gr:r';% 10D = Interpretation of Data - ¥ I _SIN = Scientific Investigation Key | IOD | SIN | EMI Key | 1OD | SIN | EMI EMI = Evaluation of Models, inferences & Experimental Results 1. A | __ l21.¢C . ’ o 2. J | -22.°F i 3 D |__ |23 D. i 4G | Coled H | 5. D | _ 25. B . 6. G | __- 26. J — " 7. B L 27, B _ 8. G _ 28 H | __ 9. A | 29. Co| = 10. H ___ 30 J | __ ' T A 11. D - |81 B | - Number Correct (Raw Score)for: . 13. B | l33. A | - ' lnterpreta?on of Data (IOD) - ‘(16) 1; g — gg ; — Scientific Investigation (SIN) (10') 16. H — 36. F — _ Evaluation of Models, Inferences & : 17. A ; 37. B i _Experimental Results (EMI) 18. F G e} 880 d — (14) 19. C S e 0890 B . Total Number Correct for Science Test 20. F = | ag. L (10D + SIN + EMI) (40)

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2020 July ACT C01

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