Planning_Document_Final_Draft
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Apr 3, 2024
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Planning Document Final Draft
Nailah Cortez
Southern New Hampshire University
SCI-200: Applied Natural Sciences
Nicole Marvell
December 4, 2023
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Planning Document Final Draft
My issue:
The issue that I have chosen to research is the discovery of black holes and how black holes impact our universe. I have chosen to do this research due to the lack of knowledge many people have in regard to space and the various things that are constantly being discovered. While black holes are not a threat to Earth, they can cause catastrophic shift to areas around them and it important to know that impact that they have.
My question:
What happens when planets and stars come into contact with a forming black hole?
My science resources:
1. My first title source is "What are black holes?"
"A Black hole is an astronomical object with a gravitational pull so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. A black hole's "surface," called its horizon, defines the boundary where the velocity needed to escape exceeds the speed of light, which is the speed limit of the cosmos. Matter and radiation fall in, but they can't get out" (Reddy, F. 2020.) This source was chosen to provide information on how black holes are formed and ultimately what they do. Scientists have discovered that there are two main classes of black holes, these classes are structured by their mass. A stellar-mass black hole can be 3 dozen times more than the Sun's mass and can spread throughout the entire Milky Way. Another type of black hole is known as the supermassive monster, this black hole can weigh over 100,000 to billion solar mass which can be found in big parts of the galaxy, ours included. Astronomers would soon find out that what they had long suspected, which was an in-between intermediate-mass black holes that are weighing 100 to more 10,000 solar masses. In May of 2019 the National Science Foundation's Laser
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Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory, had detected gravitational waves merged from two-stellar mass holes, that resulted in the black holes weighing as much as 142 Suns (Reddy, F.
2020.)This is relevant to my other resources as it explains the impact that black holes have when they do form, with the recent study of black holes it had helped scientists base different theories on the mass of black holes, direction and the impact black holes leave in space 2. My second title source is "Black Holes"
This source was chosen to identify how scientists have observed black holes and the observations
had led to theories and recent discoveries had offer some tantalizing evidence that black holes have a dramatic influence on the neighborhoods around them - emitting powerful gamma ray bursts, devouring nearby stars, and spurring the growth of new stars in some areas while stalling it in others (NASA.2023.) The observations were conducted by scientists detecting the presence of black holes by the matter left near by. I believe that this source is relevant and appropriate to my issue because it explains how the start of black holes begin, it is said to be One Star's End is a
Black Hole's Beginning. When it comes to most black holes are formed from remnants of a large star that had died in a supernova explosion. The surface of star nears an "event horizon" that is an
imaginary surface of time that a star slows to the relative of time, that is kept from observers far away. It is said when surfaces reach the event horizon time stands art a still and a star can not longer collapse, it is said to be like frozen in time. There are bigger black holes that result from a stellar collisions, scientists have observed that the powerful Collison between a black hole and neutron star colliding will then produce another black hole (NASA.2023.)
3. My third source title is "Stephen Hawking's famous theory of how black holes die could mean our entire universe is doomed to evaporate, a new study found"
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This source was chosen to show that in 1974 Stephen Hawking had predicted that black holes die
by evaporation. Hawking's theory was famously known as Hawking radiation, it was calculated that particles would be trapped behind the event horizon. The event horizon captures any light that goes through it, and causes that light to be redirected through gravitational lensing. H
awking calculated that these particles were sometimes trapped behind the event horizon, but others escaped outside in the form of Hawking radiation. Over time, enough particles escape that
the entire black hole evaporates (Mann, A., 2023.) I believe that this is relevant and appropriate for my issue, because it explains that overtime a black hole can evaporate and what the evaporation can do it and what it can lead to (Orwig. J., 2023.) This resource provides information on that black holes aren't forever and that there will be nothing to worry about in the near future
My audience and message:
I would like to present my research to an audience that does not know much about space and black holes, reason why I chose such an audience such as young adults and even adults. This is due to the fact that people have different perspective and can provide a different point of view, or
just in general don't know much about it. When it comes to astronomy or space not everyone knows what is going on or was is still being discovered, even what is still continuing to be found today. Space is said to be infinite so we never know what is going to be found next, or what is the next big thing to be discovered. I believe what will be very influential is by doing the best that I can to make people want to read and become fascinated with Astronomy as much as me. It's important that I put it in a way that they will be easy understand and something someone will enjoy reading, to help better understand more about what happens in space. I'm still learning
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myself it is still important to be professional and so it is a key aspect in ensuring that I am providing enough information. Identify principles:
The principles that are identified in my research is the different classes of black holes that allows to identify the sort issue of thing that they leave behind. In my other research it was discovered on where the beginning of a black hole starts from a dying supernova star. I had also learned of both Stephen Hawking's radiation theory and Einstein's theory of relativity. Each explained what happens to black holes over time and whether or not they cause any damages. Explain principles:
When it comes to these principles they are relevant to my issue and question, because it provides more of a back story of where black holes have first began to happens to a black hole after a certain period of time. It also provides what happens when black holes collide with other forms of matter, black holes consume everything that comes by and due to the constant turning of gas near the even horizon Adam's can spread throughout the galaxy to create new stars. Black holes play an important role in galaxies as they can help create life while also consuming it.
My experimental question and hypothesis:
What happens when planets and stars when they are in the vicinity of a evaporating black hole? My hypothesis if a star or planet is close enough to a black hole it won't collapse, but it will be pulled by the gravitational pull until slow turns into gas. My explanation:
If a natural scientist had the necessary technology such as a satellite and other equipment to capture the particles or presents of pre-existing black hole and the matter that's near by. If the
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natural scientist talked to someone from a professional standpoint, they could be able to ask questions and form their own hypothesis.
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References
Reddy, F. (2020, September 8). What is a black hole? (grades K - 4). NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/for-kids-and-students/what-is-a-black-hole-
grades-k-4/#:~:text=A%20black%20hole%20is%20a,squeezed%20into%20a%20tiny
%20space.
NASA. (2023). Black Holes - NASA science. https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/black-holes
Mann, A. (2023, August 7). Black holes evaporate--now physicists think everything else does, too. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/this-is-the-way-the-
universe-ends-by-evaporating/ Orwig, J. (2023, June). Stephen Hawking’s famous theory
of how black holes die could mean our entire universe is doomed to evaporate; a new study found. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/stephen-hawking-theory-
could-mean-entire-universe-will-evaporate-2023-6