Annotated Bibliography - Folsom

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Dec 6, 2023

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Folsom 1 Adrian Folsom English 102 Annotated Bibliography November 2, 2023 Annotated Bibliography Avanceña, Anton L.V. "Income and Income Inequality Are a Matter of Life and Death. What Can Policymakers Do About It?" American Journal of Public Health (AJPH) , 2021, https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306301 . [This journal speaks on how low income directly affects physical health and well-being. The journal talks about how Low-income individuals often experience poorer self-reported health and higher rates of both communicable and non-communicable diseases and injuries. These health disparities are associated with various risk factors, including smoking, unhealthy diet due to food poverty and insecurity, stress, anxiety, unemployment, and job insecurity. The journal also mentions that The influence of income on health extends throughout a person's life course. For example, low-income mothers are more likely to have babies with low birth weight, which has long-term health implications. Among older adults, low wealth is associated with a more marked decline in physical and psychosocial functions. Also, The presence of income inequality is linked to negative health outcomes, including higher rates of interpersonal violence and mental illness. It has led to growing gaps in survival between high-income and low-income individuals, with top earners increasing their life expectancy while low-income individuals see theirs decrease. All of these points will be used when I make a point of how the wages should not be so low because with risk in physical and even mental health, the company will lose workers like it already has due to those reasons.]

Folsom 2 "Crew Member Hourly Salaries in the United States at Arby's." Indeed , 5 Nov. 2023, www.indeed.com/cmp/Arby%27s/salaries/Crew-Member#:~:text=Average%20Arby%27 s%20Crew%20Member%20hourly%20pay%20in%20the,%2412.20%2C%20which%20i s%208%25%20below%20the%20national%20average. [This electronic source simply shows the average hourly salaries for Arby’s Crew Members in the United States. It is listed at $12.23 an hour. This will help in my essay when I mention how the Arby’s in Pahrump only pays crew members $11.50 an hour.] "Ensuring a Living Wage Is an Essential Aspect of Decent Work." United Nations Global Impact , 1 Jan. 2023, unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/our-work/livingwages/. [This source is from the United Nations which is a worldwide organization. The source explains why a living wage is essential for good workers. The passage acknowledges that many workers worldwide find themselves in a state of working poverty, where their jobs do not lift them or their families out of poverty. This issue is widespread and affects the livelihoods of countless individuals. The UN Global Compact encourages companies to prioritize and provide living wages as an integral part of decent work. The goal is to ensure that all workers, their families, and communities can live in dignity. The passage highlights that businesses have a corporate responsibility to protect and respect human rights, as outlined in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. This includes addressing working poverty caused by low wages in both workplaces and supply chains. All of this still points to how low wages negatively affect the lives of employees. If one is not making a living wage then how are they supposed to live?] Guendelsberger, Emily. On The Clock: What Low-Wage Work Did to Me and How It Drives America Crazy . 1st ed., Little, Brown and Company , 2019. [This book explores the challenges of low-wage workers in America. Throughout the book,

Folsom 3 Guendelsberger describes the physically and emotionally demanding nature of these jobs, highlighting the long hours, repetitive tasks, and lack of job security that many workers face. I will use this in my paper when discussing the working conditions at the Arby’s in Pahrump. Guendelsberger examines how these jobs affect the workers' lives, discussing their toll on physical and mental health, relationships, and overall well-being. She also discusses how workers often lack basic benefits and stability, making it challenging to plan for the future. I will use this during my essay when speaking about my main point of how the low wages affect the lives of the employees.] Irwin, Neil. "Unemployment Is High. Why Are Businesses Struggling to Hire?" The New York Times , 16 Apr. 2021. [In this article there are many reasons behind unemployment being highlighted. The article has a main highlight of where jobs are not paying enough. The restaurant/food industry is mentioned specifically as they have a track record of underpaying hard workers. I will be able to use this source when speaking on the low wages at the fast food chains nationwide.] Jayaraman, Saru. One Fair Wage: Ending Subminimum Pay in America . 1st ed., New Press , 2020. [This book speaks on the low wages in America and ways to possibly make them not so devastatingly low. Jayaraman highlights the challenges faced by workers who rely on subminimum wages, including those in the restaurant industry, where tips can be unpredictable, leading to financial instability. The book delves into the personal stories of workers, illustrating how subminimum wages affect their daily lives, financial security, and overall well-being. These points will help back up my claim on how low wages have a poor effect on the employees.] Leigh, J. Paul. "Effects Of Minimum Wages On Population Health." Health Affairs , 2018,

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Folsom 4 https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1377/hpb20180622.107025. [This journal also points towards the low wages that people are faced with affecting their physical health. This journal mentions how proponents of raising the minimum wage argue that it is essential due to the decades-long decline in the real value of the federal minimum wage and the subsequent decline in wages for lower-skilled workers. They believe that increasing the minimum wage can transfer some corporate profits to low-wage workers, particularly benefiting women, African Americans, Hispanics, and 29% of the workforce earning low wages. Surveys indicate public support for such increases. The journal also points out how while there is no consensus among economists on the impact of minimum wages on unemployment and hours worked, there is a significant body of research suggesting that minimum wage increases reduce poverty rates. It is also shown that research on the health effects of minimum wages is relatively recent and focuses on various outcomes. Some evidence suggests that minimum wage increases can reduce smoking prevalence, increase birthweights, and reduce days with health limitations, particularly among low-wage or low-skilled workers who are continuously employed.] Luna, Nancy. "8 Limited-service Chains Targeted in ‘No Poach’ Hiring Probe." Nation's Restaurant News , 11 Jul. 2018. [This magazine article speaks on how many fast food chains, including Arby’s, are possibly threatening the economic security of low-wage workers. This source will not be entirely helpful as the state of Nevada was not included in the list of states but if a company decides to do something in some states then there is always a chance for it to happen to others in the future.] "Luxembourg Minimum Wage, Labor Law, and Employment Data Sheet Luxembourg Minimum Wage Rate 2023." MinimumWage.Org , 1 Jan. 2023, www.minimum- wage.org/international/luxembourg#google_vignette .

Folsom 5 [This source from Luxembourg shows the minimum wages in the country. It states that the current minimum wage is $12.39. This will be helpful in my essay when I point out how the minimum wage in the United States is $7.25] Sirota, David. "This Fast Food Giant Bragged About Killing $15 Minimum Wage." Newsweek , 27 Mar. 2021, www.newsweek.com/this-fast-food-giant-bragged-about-killing-15-minimum-wage- 1579273. [This electronic source speaks against a major fast food brand that was against the $15 minimum wage. Inspire Brands, the parent company of several major fast-food chains including Arby’s, claims credit for influencing Congress to exclude a $15 minimum wage from the recent COVID relief bill. The company's internal documents indicate their efforts to prevent this wage increase. Inspire Brands, also reveals an ongoing campaign against the PRO Act, which contains various labor-related objectives. The company's success in preventing a minimum wage hike comes after a government report found some of its chains had a high percentage of workers relying on food stamps. Inspire Brands' franchises generate substantial revenue, but many workers are paid below $15 per hour. The company is primarily owned by Roark Capital, a private equity firm named after an Ayn Rand character. Roark Capital has close ties to Republican politicians and has invested in various companies affected by minimum wage policies. This will help my essay because I am pointing out how Arby’s specifically has low wages and Arby’s is owned by Inspire Brands.]

Annotated Bibliography - Folsom

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