Danish History
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Danish History, Writing System & Dialects
Instructor: Daniela English
Dani is a PhD student, and has taught college English & tutored in multiple subjects for over three years. They have an MA in English Composition & Pedagogy and a BA in Women's Studies, Religious Studies, & Sociology, both from the University of Massachusetts Boston. They also have received awards for their academic research and teaching. Habla español & Gaeilge acu.
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Learn what Danish is and understand its grammar and writing system. Explore the history of the Danish language and discover the dialects of the Danish language. Updated: 03/21/2023
What is Danish?
Danish (Dansk) is a language in the Germanic language family. It is closely related to other languages in the North Germanic and Scandinavian subgroups, such as Norwegian and Swedish, and they are mostly mutually intelligible.
Danish is in the Germanic language family, within the North Germanic, East Scandinavian subgroup.
Germanic language family tree. Danish is in North Germanic branch.
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Lesson Quiz Course
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History of the Danish Language
The Danish language developed through five stages (dates are approximate):
North Germanic/Primitive Scandinavian (200–800)
Old Danish (800–1100)
Middle Danish (1100–1500)
Early Modern Danish (1500–1700)
Modern Danish (1700–Present)
An illustration of one of the Golden Horns of Gallehus, an early runic example of the Danish language.
Black and white illustration of the Gallehus horn with runic inscriptions.
There have been people in Denmark since approximately 10,000 BCE, but the oldest examples of a language in the region are runic inscriptions, the earliest of which are dated as circa 200 CE.
The runes engraved on the c. 400 Golden Horns of Gallehus, however, have become the most famous example of the early Germanic language. The first was discovered in 1639 in Gallehus near Møgeltønder, and the second in 1734 in the same location. The runes on these horns are believed to read: "I Lægæst, son of Holt (or 'from Holt') made the horn."
These North Germanic peoples have also been referred to collectively as the Norse. The Old East Norse language served as a bridge language between North Germanic and Old Danish. In the period of Old Danish, there were communities still using languages that could be considered part of the Norse language spectrum. However, over time, the differences between the Norse language and the language of the Danish people began to diverge.
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Danish Language Characteristics
Danish Grammar
Danish Writing System
Dialects of the Danish Language
Lesson Summary
Frequently Asked Questions
What language do the Danish speak?
The Danish people are from Denmark. Most people in Denmark speak Danish, a North Germanic, East Scandinavian language. It is most similar to Swedish.
What language is Danish closest to?
Danish is similar to other languages in the same (geographical and linguistic) region, such as Norwegian and Swedish. Danish is mostly mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Swedish.
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