DCF255 Lecture 8 - Activity 8 - Waveforms

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Seneca College *

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255

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Electrical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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Activity 8: WaveForms Input screen shots where appropriate to prove you did the work and to provide a description of what you are seeing/doing. In some places, a screen shot is requested. Answer any and all questions with screen shots included (where indicated and any other extra ones that showed you did the work) in this document as you go along by question. Save the document and send it to the instructor before the due date as published in the announcement section of Blackboard. Mark Allocation and Instructions: Part 1 15 Marks Provide at minimum the screen shots asked for. Provide at minimum 2 full sentence for each screen describing what is being done. Each sentence must contain a minimum of 10 words. Marks allocated for proper sentences with correct syntax, spelling, punctuation in English. Part 2 20 Marks Provide at minimum the screen shots asked for. Provide at minimum 2 full sentence for each screen describing what is being done. Each sentence must contain a minimum of 10 words. Marks allocated for proper sentences with correct syntax, spelling, punctuation in English Part 3 15 Marks Provide atleast 5 screen shots. Provide at minimum 2 full sentence for each screen shot describing what is being done. Each sentence must contain a minimum of 10 words. Marks allocated for proper sentences with correct syntax, spelling, punctuation in English and in context screen shots. Total 50 marks. 5% of final. The answers must be handed in by the due data specified in the announcement section of Blackboard. Any paper submitted after that date, until the next lecture starts, will be docked 40%. The reason is that the answers are published after that date and it penalizes students who wait until the answers are published, do a cut and paste and then submit the paper as their own work. Papers submitted after

the last date published will get a zero. Introduction: Wave Propagations Objectives: The main objective of this lab is to help you to be familiar with the following: 1. Attenuation effect of materials due to absorption 2. Effect on received signal amplitude due to various phases of two signals arriving at the same time 3. RF signal propagation behaviours After completing this lab, you will be able to: 1. Discuss the attenuation effect of materials due to absorption 2. Evaluate the effect of phase difference and multipath 3. Identify different signal propagation behaviors Materials Required: 1. A computer with Internet access 2. Simulation software: Use the website https://emanim.szialab.org/index.html In this part, you will use a simulation tool called EMANIM to view the attenuation effect of materials due to absorption and wave patterns that are important in wireless communications. Note: For those that want to, the tool is posted on the Black Board/ Course Website/Lecture 8. It’s called wave_setup.bin. You need to download it and rename it to wave_setup.exe. It will then run locally on your machine.

Part 1 – Visual Demonstration of Absorption and Polarization Perform the following steps: 1. When you go to the website mentioned above, you should land on something that looks like the following screen shot. On the left you will see resultant waveforms. Above the resultant waveforms there are four selectable tabs, Phenomemon, View, Colors and Help. On the right side of the screen, there is a menu that has many selectable items that will change the waveform(s). You can also select to show one wave or two waves at the same time. 1. Start with one wave only. Make sure “Wave 1” is the only one clicked. Click on the Material button on the panel on the right. When a radio wave crosses a medium, the medium may absorb part of the wave energy. As a result, the amplitude of the wave decreases. The extinction coefficient determines how much of the wave is absorbed by unit length of material. Vary the length of the material and the extinction coefficient for Wave 1 to see how it affects the absorption. Do not turn on Wave 2 at this time. Answer the following questions, while providing screen shots:

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Question 1: How does material length affect the resultant wave? Why is this happening and where is the energy going? (3 Marks) Question 2: How does the extinction factor affect the resultant wave? Why is this happening and where is the energy going? (3 Marks) Question 3: Set the Material length = 32 and Extinction Coefficient = 0. What do you see? Describe why this is happening. Screen shot + description (3 Marks) Question 4: Material length = 16 and Extinction Coefficient = 1. What do you see? Describe why this is happening. Screen shot + description (3 Marks) Question 5: Keep the Material length = 16, Extinction Coefficient = 0.25, and change the signal polarization from vertical to horizontal, right circular, and left circular. Comment on your observations. Provide screen shots with descriptions. (Polarization is found under Phenomenon)(3 Marks) Part 2: Visual Demonstration of Multipath and Phase Use the same tool to view the effect on amplitude due to various phases of two signals arriving at the same time. Perform the following steps: On the website, click on the Wave 2 button to enable the second wave. Make sure the polarization is Vertical for both waves and the Phase Difference is “0” (You may want to change the “View” to a side view) The resultant wave of the two waves is shown by clicking on the Question 6: Change the amplitude of Wave 2 to something different and see what happens. Look at the resultant wave when you click on “Wave 1 + Wave 2”. Why is this happening? Provide a screen shot and description. (3 Marks) Question 7: Set the Amplitude and the Wavelength to be the same for each wave. Change Wave 2 to be 70 degrees out-of-phase with Wave 1. Provide a screen shot and a description of what you see with the resultant wave. Describe what you re seeing now. (3 Marks) Question 8: Is there any difference in the resultant waveform if you change the phase difference from -70 o to +70 o ? Explain your answer. Provide a screen shot. (3 Marks)

Question 9: Set the Amplitude and the Wavelength to be the same for each wave. Now bring Wave 2 to be 180 degrees out of phase with Wave 1. What is the resultant wave now? - Provide and screen shot and a description of what you see. Why is this happening? (3 Marks) Question 10: How can this resultant wave behaviours that you have seen in the above 9 questions, be applied in the real world in terms of cybersecurity. Give examples of where this can happen? (8 Marks) Part 3 – Visual Demonstration of Absorption and Polarization Question 11: Using ChatGPT and another referenced source, define: RF Refraction, RF Reflection, RF Absorption, RF Scattering and RF Diffraction in terms of RF signals. Include a diagram for each element. Read the Rubric to see where the marks come from. (15 Marks)