EE4PM4_Lab3_2023

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1 ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4 Electrical Power Systems ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4 Electrical Power Systems Lab #3 Optimal Power Flow Studies Due date: N/A No report for this lab

2 ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4 Electrical Power Systems Student name: Student ID: Lab No.: Student course number: Objectives ▪ Realize an economic dispatch including generator limits in a 5-bus power system. ▪ Observe the effect of line losses on economic dispatch. ▪ Observe the effect of incremental cost when the system is operated for optimal power flow. Procedure Question 1) Download “Lab3_students.PWB” and “Lab3_students.PWD” from Avenue to Learn>ELECENG 4PM4>Content>Labs>Lab 3 and save them to a new folder on your computer. Then, run the five-bus power system of “ Lab3_students .PWB,” at load scal ar 1.00 as shown in Figure 1 by selecting Tools , Play to begin the simulation. Record the parameters listed in Table 1. To insert a Load Scalar field, under the Draw ribbon, Individual Insert group, click on Field > Area Field (mouse pointer will change to cross hair) > Click Anywhere in Case window, a window will appear > Find Field > Load > Scale MVA > OK > OK . To enable changeable arrows, double click on the Area Field and Area Field Options window will appear, as shown in Figure 2. Insert a value in the Delta per Mouse Click . This has been setup for you in the given example. Figure 1: Five-bus power system. Table 1: System parameters. Parameter Value Load Scalar 1.00 Total Area Load (MW) Total Hourly Cost ($/h)

3 ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4 Electrical Power Systems Figure 2: Inserting area field parameter with adjustable input in PowerWorld Simulator: load scalar. In addition to solving the power flow equations, PowerWorld Simulator can simultaneously solve the economic dispatch problem to optimally allocate the generation in an area. To turn on this option, select Case Information, Aggregation, Areas… to view a list of each of the control areas in a case (just one in this lab). Then toggle the AGC Status field to ED, as shown in Figure 3. Now anytime the power flow equations are solved, the generator outputs are also changed using the economic dispatch.

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4 ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4 Electrical Power Systems Figure 3: Setting AGC status to economic dispatch (ED) in PowerWorld Simulator. Question 2) Rerun the simulation after setting AGC status to ED. What is the incremental cost now in $/MWh (labeled marginal cost in the simulation window)? To view a graph showing the incremental cost curves for all of the area generators, right-click on any generator to display the generator’s local menu, and then select All Area Gen IC Curves (right- click on the graph’s axes to change their scaling). To see how changing the load impacts the economic dispatch (ED) and power flow solutions, while the simulation is running, click on the up/down arrows next to the Load Scalar field . This field is used to scale the load at each bus in the system. Notice that the change in the Total Hourly Cost field is well approximated by the change in the load multiplied by the incremental operating cost. Question 3) Determine the maximum amount of load this system can supply without overloading any transmission line with the generators dispatched using economic dispatch. For the maximum amount of load, what is the total hourly cost in $/hr and the marginal cost in $/MWh? Question 4) For the overload conditions, the previous solver is not accurate. Here, we use PowerWorld Simulator’s LP OPF algorithm to solve the optimal power flow problem. To turn on the OPF option, select Case Information > Aggregation > Areas … , and toggle the AGC Status field to OPF . Then, rather than solving the case with the “ Single Solution ” button, select Add Ons ribbon and click on Primal LP under Optimal Power Flow (OPF) to solve using the LP OPF , as depicted in Figure 4 (note: you need to click it every time you change the load scalar). The system with OPF solver and Primal LP is shown in Figure 5 showing the individual marginal cost of each bus in green. To add the marginal cost of each bus: while in Edit Mode and under Draw ribbon > Field > Bus Field > Click beside Bus, Bus Field Options window will appear > select MW Marginal Cost under Type

5 ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4 Electrical Power Systems of Field. The steps are shown in Figure 6. To adjust the display formatting of the bus field, right click on it and choose Format Bus Field. Figure 4: Activating Primal LP solver in PowerWorld Simulator. Figure 5: Five-bus power system with Load Scalar = 1.00 with Primal LP solver. Figure 6: Displaying MW marginal cost for each bus in PowerWorld Simulator. slack 1 2 3 4 5 1.00 pu 0.99 pu 1.04 pu 1.00 pu 1.05 pu 60% A MVA 53% A MVA 52% A MVA 58% A MVA 44% A MVA 12% A MVA 27% A MVA 79 MW 79 MW 62 MW 62 MW 27 MW 27 MW 57 MW 57 MW 111 MW 111 MW 53 MW 53 MW 16 MW 14.52 $/MWh 14.52 $/MWh 14.52 $/MWh 14.52 $/MWh 14.52 $/MWh MW 141 MW 182 147 MW 39 Mvar 78 MW 29 Mvar MW 127.4 39.2 Mvar 39 MW 20 Mvar MW 69 AGC ON AGC ON AGC ON

6 ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4 Electrical Power Systems Start with a Load Scalar of 1.0. Initially the OPF solution matches the ED solution from Question 2 since there are no overloaded lines. The MW marginal cost field of each bus on the screen (i.e., the bus LMPs). What is the marginal price for each bus? Now increase the Load Scalar to 1.8. What is the marginal price for each bus? Are they identical and Why?

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