EE4PM4_Lab2_2023

pdf

School

McMaster University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

4PM4

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Date

Jan 9, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

Uploaded by ColonelGrousePerson362

1 ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4 Electrical Power Systems ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4 Electrical Power Systems Lab #2 Power Flow Studies Due date: Nov. 1, 2023 (before 11:59PM) Please upload lab report on Avenue to Learn: Assessments > Assignments > Lab2 Late submissions will not be marked

2 ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4 Electrical Power Systems Student name: Student ID: Lab No.: Student course number: Mark (%): Objectives ▪ Obtain a practical familiarity with transmission line modeling and the Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) power system model in Power World Simulator. Which is a power system visualization, simulation, and analysis tool. Please visit http://www.powerworld. com for download and more detailed and extensive users’ manual or software download. ▪ Observe the relationship between midline voltage and power transfer. ▪ Observe the effect of load on power line end voltage. ▪ Become familiar with load flow software. T.L 500 kV 100 km T.L 500 kV 100 km Infinite bus (Grid) Figure 1: Single Machine, Infinite Bus System Procedure (10 marks for observed data and screen captures) 1. Model the system as shown in Figure 1 using a system base of 100 MVA. The infinite bus is modeled in Power World Simulator as a generator with a slack bus. Use the following system parameters: Generator V = 44 kV Base power = 100 MVA Transmission Line R = 0.028 Ω/km X L = 0.325 Ω/km Y C = 5.20 μS/km Transformer V = 44/500 kV x = 0.1 pu Work through the following steps to build the model and solve for the different case studies: 1. Open Power World on the desktop or from start menu. 2. From the File menu select “New Case”. At any point of the development of this case, you can save your work by selecting “Save Case” (or “Save Case as”) from the File menu. 3. Click “Draw” on the top menu, you will see some icon- style buttons under the top menu. Click “Network” and select the components you want to use from the drop-down menu. 𝐺 1 44 𝑘𝑉 𝑃 ??𝑠𝑒 = 100 𝑀𝑉𝐴 Transformer 44/500 𝑘𝑉 𝑥 = 0.1 𝑝𝑢 Transmission Line 𝑅 = 0.028 Ω/𝑘𝑚 ? 𝐿 = 0.325 Ω/𝑘𝑚 ? 𝐶 = 5.20 𝜇S/𝑘𝑚

3 ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4 Electrical Power Systems 4. Firstly, let’s insert a bus. Select “Draw” → “Network” → “Bus” , the mouse arrow is changed to cross hairs. Click anywhere in the drawing and a dialog box of “Bus options” appears, as shown in Fig. 2 . 5. You can choose the bus number and the bus name. For now, leave them unchanged. You need to have 4 buses as shown in Fig. 3 . Three buses (bus# 2, 3, 4) have nominal voltage of 500 kV, only one of them is a slack bus (bus# 4). The fourth bus (bus# 1) has 44 kV nominal voltage and is not a slack bus. 6. On the display tab, select up (or down) for the orientation so that the bus is vertical. Then click the OK button. You can change the bus size from the “display” tab as in Fig. 2 . Slack bus or infinite bus bar means that it has a constant voltage of 1 pu and reference angle zero. It can be considered as the main grid. Figure 2: Bus window 44 kV rating 500 kV rating 500 kV rating Slack Bus 4 Figure 3: Single Machine, Infinite Bus System in Power World Simulator 7. Similarly, let’s insert a generator. As shown in Fig. 3 , you need two generators. Select “Draw” → “Network” → “Generator” . A dialog box of “Generator options” should appear as shown in Fig. 4 . Make sure that both generators have MVA base of 100. Check AVR is on for both of them. From “Display Orientation Tab” make it right for the slack generator and left for the other generator as shown in Fig. 4.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

4 ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4 Electrical Power Systems Figure 4: Generator parameters window For the generator connected to the slack bus, the actual MW output will be determined by the simulator. Just insert a value, let’s say 1000 MW, in the “MW Output” field. We als o need to insert a value, e.g. ±10000 MW which are the maximum and minimum MW output of the generator (so this value needs to be inserted in Min. and Max. MW Output field as well). Since the generator has MVAr limits, insert ±10000 in the Min MVAr and Max MVAr fields, respectively. For the single generator (not the slack generator), make the MW and MVAr limits similar to the slack generator, but set both the “MW setpoint” and the “M VA r Output” to zeros. 8. You need 2 transmission lines (TL), the first one is between buses #2 and #3, and the second one is between buses #3 and #4. Both transmission lines are identical. To insert the first TL, select “Draw” → “Network” → “Transmission line”. Click on Bus #2 then double click on Bus #3. That means the TL will be connected between Bus#2 and Bus #3. A TL window will show up as shown in Fig. 5 . You need to insert TL parameters in absolute values (not pu), so select “Calculate Impedances” on the left. Click on “from per distance impedance”. A new window shows up as in Fig. 5 , select length unit in km and insert TL parameters given in Fig. 1 . Insert the second TL by the same manner. 9. Insert a transformer between buses #1 and #2 by a similar way of the TL, select “Draw” → “Network” → “Transformer”. Single click on Bus #1, double click on Bus #2, a dialog box of “Generator options” will show up as in Fig. 6 . Insert the transformer pu series reactance as 0.1. 10. Connect a load to Bus #2, select “Draw” → “Network” → “Load”, for now set the MW and M VAr to zeros. 11. The final power flow diagram is shown on Fig. 7 . 12. Attach a screen capture showing your system to your report.

5 ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4 Electrical Power Systems Figure 5: TL parameters Figure 6: Transformer parameters

6 ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4 Electrical Power Systems 44 kV rating 500 kV rating 500 kV rating Slack Bus 4 Figure 7: Power flow diagram in Power World Simulator 13. Now select “Run Mode” . 14. With the load set to 500 MW and the single generator removed (you may double click on the red square on the generator transformer to open its breaker). Solve the load flow by selecting “Run Mode” then “tools” and click on “solve”. Record all relevant values in a table. Slack_Generator (Grid) Load Power Voltage Power Voltage Real (MW) Reactive (MVAr) Magnitude (p.u.) Angle (degrees) Real (MW) Reactive (MVAr) Magnitude (p.u.) Angle (degrees) 15. Increment the load to 800, 1000, 1200 MW, recording all values in the same table as step 4. Slack_Generator (Grid) Load Power Voltage Power Voltage Real (MW) Reactive (MVAr) Magnitude (p.u.) Angle (degrees) Real (MW) Reactive (MVAr) Magnitude (p.u.) Angle (degrees) 16. Repeat 5 giving the load a power factor of 0.8 (inductive) Slack_Generator (Grid) Load Power Voltage Power Voltage Real (MW) Reactive (MVAr) Magnitude (p.u.) Angle (degrees) Real (MW) Reactive (MVAr) Magnitude (p.u.) Angle (degrees) 17. Remove the load (set to 0 MW or open the breaker) and set the single_generator output to 500 MW with AVR enabled and set at 1.0 pu. Solve the load flow, record all relevant values in a table. Make sure the slack bus (Bus #4) angle is zero (as a reference angle)

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

7 ELECENG 4PM4 / ECE 6PM4 Electrical Power Systems Slack_Generator (Grid) Single_Generator Power Voltage Power Voltage Real (MW) Reactive (MVAr) Magnitude (p.u.) Angle (degrees) Real (MW) Reactive (MVAr) Magnitude (p.u.) Angle (degrees) 18. Increment the single_generator to 800 MW, recording all values in the same table as the previous step. Slack_Generator (Grid) Single_Generator Power Voltage Power Voltage Real (MW) Reactive (MVAr) Magnitude (p.u.) Angle (degrees) Real (MW) Reactive (MVAr) Magnitude (p.u.) Angle (degrees) 19. Set the single_generator voltage to 1.1 pu, with keeping slack_genetaor voltage 1 pu, re-connect the load at 1200 MW and 0.8 power factor (inductive), vary the single generator MW from 100 to 500 (100 MW step), run the load flow at each time and record the values corresponding to the maximum voltage for the load bus (Bus #2). Slack_Generator (Grid) Single_Generator Load Power Voltage Power Voltage Power Voltage Real (MW) Reactive (MVAr) Magnitude (p.u.) Angle (degrees) Real (MW) Reactive (MVAr) Magnitude (p.u.) Angle (degrees) Real (MW) Reactive (MVAr) Magnitude (p.u.) Angle (degrees) Discussion (10 marks for each answer) 1. Which load flow solution technique did you use for this lab, justify your answer. 2. Show and describe the effect of increased load or generation on voltage profile of a transmission line. 3. Why would a system operator choose to raise the voltage of their transmission lines? 4. At step 6, why the load cannot receive the required active (800 and 1200 MW) and reactive power and how to solve it? 5. How to control real power flow and reactive power flow from a generator?