Lab 2 – Wire Experiments (Wires)

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Electrical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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Lab 2 – Wire Experiments (Wires) AUD 362P Chris Nixon September 29th, 2023 Professor deAlmeida

Equipment List: - Tape Measure - LCR Meter (Inductor, Capacitor and Resistor Meter) - Agilent Technologies InfiniiVision Digital Storage Oscilloscope 70 MHz #2002A - DI Box - Speaker Wire - Various sized cables/wires (shielded, unshielded, balanced, unbalanced) - BK Precision 5 MHz DDS Function Generator #4005DDS Objective: The purpose of this laboratory experiment was to compare and evaluate the similarities and differences between several short and long cables/wires. Initially, the students had to measure the length of each wire with a tape measure. Following that, the students measured the resistors, capacitors, and inductors with the LCR meter. This was done to ensure that they functioned properly and read accurate values. After determining the values accurate for the various components, the students measured capacitance, inductance, and cable/wire length with a function generator and an oscilloscope. Ultimately, the students were tasked with constructing two circuits: One that incorporated a capacitor and resistor and another that incorporated a capacitor and inductor. Theory: This laboratory experiment highlighted the similarities and differences between short and long cables/wires in RC and LC circuits. Initially, the students were required to construct an RC circuit comprised of a 1k Ω resistor and a capacitor. Following that, the students built an LC circuit with the identical components as the first, but this time an inductor was added. The students were aiming to test the hypothesis that different cable/wire lengths had a major impact in both RC and LC circuits. Data: Resistance of a Wire Measured Length 16 ft Calculated Length 14.5 ft Capacitance from Open Wire Parameter Measurement Calculated Capacitance 719.43 pF Measured Capacitance 501.4 pF

Equations: Eq. 1 : Distance → 16 / 1000 = .8 / x Eq. 2 : Total Current → I T = V R / R Eq. 3 : Capacitive Reactance → X C = V C / I T Eq. 4 : C = 1 / 2 π f X C Eq. 5 : LC Circuit Frequency → f = (1 / (2 π √LC )) Analysis: For this laboratory experiment, students were asked to construct two circuits. The first was an RC circuit, whereas the second was an LC circuit. A 1k Ω resistor and a capacitor were utilized in the first circuit. The signal generator's frequency was set at 1k Ω, and the total voltage (V T ) was set to 4V pp . After measuring the capacitance and cables/wires on the first circuit, the students computed the capacitive reactance and total current. This information was critical in comparing it to the second circuit, which included an inductor and capacitor rather than just a capacitor. After constructing the second circuit, the students tested it using the oscilloscope and function generator again. Because of the presence of the inductor in the circuit, they made note of the inductance, as well as the capacitive/inductive reactance and total current. Ultimately, the students realized that a transmission line with an open end forms a capacitor, which explains why the various sized cables/wires played such an important role in the circuit's measurements. Conclusion: In conclusion, the students learnt quite a bit about the application of cables/wires in an RC or LC circuit, such as that a shorted cable is inductive. Various cables/wires, shielded, unshielded, balanced, and unbalanced, were used. A DI Box was also utilized, allowing students the opportunity to observe the output waveform on the oscilloscope. The input voltage was set to 2V and the output voltage to 20mV, due to transformer voltage loss. Other modifications were made and tested as well, such as adjusting the signal generator to 200mV and adding a power coil (a power cable with a speaker wire wrapped/coiled around it). Ultimately, the students observed and recorded numerous changes that occurred throughout both circuits.

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