ENGR_400_Module_8_Assignment

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Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University *

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400

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Electrical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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Jason L. Wilson 12/9/2023 8.3 - Chapter Assignment ENGR 400 Problem 2.2 What is the function of a power plant? To produce electric energy from another form of energy Problem 2.10 Why are there different voltage and frequency standards worldwide? In summary, countries in North America adopted 110–120-volt AC to minimize the risk of injuries and fatality but did so at the cost of forgoing power efficiency. Also, they adopted the 60-hertz frequency, which is optimal for AC transmission. On the other hand, European countries went for 220–240-volt AC to minimize electricity losses, but debatably erred by choosing the 50-hertz frequency. Systems working at 50-hertz frequency are prone to flickering. Problem 2.20 Why are shield wires not installed on all transmission lines? Shield wires, also known as overhead ground wires, are not installed on all transmission lines due to various reasons. The cost of installing shield wires, including materials and labor, can be high, especially for long-distance transmission lines. Additionally, shield wires are primarily installed in areas prone to lightning strikes or with high wind and ice loading, so if a transmission line does not face these challenges, shield wires may not be necessary. Older transmission lines that were built without shield wire provisions may not be retrofitted due to the difficulty and expense involved. In environmentally sensitive areas or regions with protected wildlife, restrictions may be in place regarding the installation of shield wires. Finally, the maintenance of shield wires requires inspection and repair, which can be challenging and expensive in remote or
Jason L. Wilson 12/9/2023 difficult-to-access locations. Ultimately, the decision to install shield wires is based on factors such as cost, location, technical requirements, and regulations. Problem 2.24 What is the main function of the CB? The main function of a circuit breaker is to protect electrical circuits and equipment from damage caused by excessive current or overload. It acts as a safety device that automatically interrupts the flow of electricity when it detects a fault or abnormal condition in the circuit. When a fault occurs, such as a short circuit or overloading, the circuit breaker quickly opens the electrical circuit to prevent further damage, fire hazards, or electrical shocks. Once the fault is resolved, the circuit breaker can be manually or automatically reset to restore the power supply. Problem 2.33 How do we reduce the switching arc? To reduce the switching arc, we can: 1. Install arc suppression devices such as arc chutes or arc quenchers in switches or circuit breakers. 2. Optimize switch design with appropriate materials and mechanisms to minimize arcing. 3. Consider using arc-resistant switchgear or circuit breakers for enhanced safety. 4. Utilize protective measures like arc flash detection systems or AFCIs. 5. Regularly inspect and maintain equipment to prevent arcing from worn-out components. 6. Train personnel on safe switching procedures and hazards associated with arcing.
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