Experiment-3 Electric Circuits

docx

School

CUNY Lehman College *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

167

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Date

Jan 9, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by CaptainOxideDeer29

Experiment #3: Electric Circuits Abril Jimenez Lab partner: Hecnelly Guzman PHY 167 LAB Prof: Esmil Yapor Thursday 8:00 pm – 9:00 pm Due date: 10/26/2023

ABSTRACT In this experiment, we tested and examined Kirchhoff's law, which asserts that the current remains constant in a circuit when entering and exiting a junction. This law is synonymous with the conservation of charge and establishes the connection between voltages and currents in parallel and series circuits. The objective of this experiment was to construct electric circuits with resistors in parallel and series, measure the current and voltage within the circuit, and calculate the current and voltage for resistors in parallel and series configurations. APPARATUS  Power supply  Multimeters  Conducting waves  Fuse  Resistors DATA Part A. Resistors in series Position Voltage (V) Current (mA) Across R 1 0.86 Across R 2 1.77 Across R 1 + R 2 2.58 Entering R 1 7.8 Between R 1 and R 2 7.8 Leaving R 2 7.6

Part B. Resistors in parallel Position Voltage (V) Current (mA) Across R 3 2.61 Across R 4 2.70 Across R 3 + R 4 2.73 Entire Circuit 8.6 Through R 3 4.9 Through R 4 3.8 CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS Part A. Resistors in series 1. The relationship between the three voltages that were measured is that the sum of R1 and R2 is like the voltage of R1 and R2 together. 2. Sum of the voltages though R1 and R2= 0.86 + 1.77= 2.63 V Percent Error: ¿ Average Value − Accepted Value Accepted Value = ¿ 2.63 − 2.58 2.58 = ¿ 0.01% 3. When the current flows into R1 and between R1 and R2, it remains constant. However, the current that flows out of R2 is slightly different. As a result, the law of conservation, which asserts that charge cannot be created or destroyed, is violated because the incoming current is not equal to the outgoing current in the resistor. 4. Percent Error between R 1 and R 2 : ¿ Average Value − Accepted Value Accepted Value x 100 = ¿ 7.8 − 7.8 7.8 x 100 = ¿ 0%

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Percent Error leaving R 1 and R 2 : ¿ Average Value − Accepted Value Accepted Value x 100 = 7.6 − 7.8 7.8 x 100 = ¿ 2.56% 5. According to the manufacturer, the multimeter is claimed to have an accuracy of 0.5%. It is necessary to compare this accuracy with the calculated % error and determine if either of the results confirms Kirchhoff's laws. In order to adhere to Kirchhoff's law, which states that in a series circuit, the current entering and leaving a junction should be equal, the current flowing between R1 and R2 must be equal to the current leaving R2 and entering R1. However, due to the presence of a 4.67% error, which exceeds the 0.5% accuracy claimed by the manufacturer, it can be concluded that this law is not satisfied. PART B. Resistors in parallel 6. The voltage across the entire circuit is nearly equal to the voltage across each individual resistor. This is because the total current in a parallel circuit divide into different pathways, causing the current to change while the voltage remains relatively constant. 7. The current flowing through multiple resistors is equal to the total current entering the circuit. However, the data from this experiment does not provide evidence that the individual currents through each resistor are equal to the total current entering the circuit. As a result, this does not support the principle of charge conservation. 8. Percent Error of R 3 and R 4 ¿ Average Value − Accepted Value Accepted Value x 100 = ¿ 8.6 − 8.6 8.6 x 100 = 0% 9. The current leaving the entire circuit must be equal to the sum of currents R3 and R4 to satisfy Kirchhoff's law. This law is considered satisfied due to the presence of a 0% error, which is below 0.5. CONCLUSION In this experiment, the focus was on testing and exploring Kirchhoff's law, which states that the current remains the same when entering and exiting any junction in a circuit. This law establishes a relationship

between voltages and currents in both series and parallel circuits. In part A, the initial charge experienced a slight change as it passed through the series circuit, resulting in a percent error of 2.56%. This indicates that the current generated by the battery did not match the current passing through both resistors as expected. However, in part B, the current at each junction in the circuit remained consistent when entering and exiting the junction. This was confirmed by a percent error of 0%, providing support for the law. Despite following the instructions correctly, the results did not align with expectations. To ensure the success of future experiments, it is crucial for individuals to exercise caution, ensuring that the apparatuses are functioning as intended and that all components are logically compatible with each other.