Copy of Lab05_Simulations and Current

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Drexel University *

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Electrical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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Lab05: Simulations and Current Student #1: Aryan Dixit Student #2: Luke Werkheiser Instructions: Read and print out this document prior to attending lab. Follow along with the instructions and complete the questions. Hand in one document per lab group at the end of the lab period. Note: you must be present to gain credit for the lab. Go to this website: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/circuit-construction-kit-dc/latest/circuit-construction-kit-dc_ en.html , and then choose the “intro” option. Part 1: A) Click around for a few minutes and give an explanation of what the simulation shows. It shows various parts of a circuit which we can connect together to observe how it functions. B) Click the refresh button on the bottom right corner. Place a battery on the board, and connect it to a wire, then one light bulb, then another wire, then back to the resistor. Why will current flow in this circuit? The current will flow through the battery because the battery creates a voltage difference that will drive the force of electrons through the circuit. The complete path is made by connecting the batteries, wire, light, bulb and the resistors. This will allow the electrons to circulate. C) Double click on the battery, and you will be able to drag the voltage larger and smaller. Experiment with that. You can drag the ammeter over the wire leaving the battery to measure the current. Choose the correct word to complete each phrase. i) When the voltage of the battery is high, the electrons flow (quickly/slowly), the current gets (bigger/smaller), and the bulb shines more (brightly/dimly). ii) When the voltage of the battery is low, the electrons flow (quickly/slowly), the current gets (bigger/smaller), and the bulb shines more (brightly/dimly). D) Double click on the bulb, and you will be able to drag the resistance larger and smaller. Experiment with that. You can drag the ammeter over the wire leaving the battery to measure the current. Choose the correct word to complete each phrase. Lab05: Simulations and Current PHYS 171: Computational Lab for Electricity and Motion C. Love, Drexel University; edited by R. Kratzer, Drexel University Page 1 of 6

i) When the resistance of the bulb is high, the electrons flow (quickly/slowly), the current gets (bigger/smaller), and the bulb shines more (brightly/dimly). ii) When the resistance of the bulb is low, the electrons flow (quickly/slowly), the current gets (bigger/smaller), and the bulb shines more (brightly/dimly). E) Choose the correct word to complete each phrase. Based on these observations, current is related (directly/inversely) to voltage, and (directly/inversely) to resistance. Lab05: Simulations and Current PHYS 171: Computational Lab for Electricity and Motion C. Love, Drexel University; edited by R. Kratzer, Drexel University Page 2 of 6

Part 2: Next, on the board, make 3 different circuits. Double-click on the battery for each circuit to adjust the voltage to some constant value. (It can be 10 V or 24 V or 100 V, but they all need to be the same.) - Circuit 1: 1 battery powering one bulb. - Circuit 2: 1 battery powering 2 bulbs in a row (series). - Circuit 3: 1 battery power 3 bulbs in a row (series). A) Use the ammeter in the tool box to measure the current coming out of each of the 3 batteries. Complete the following data table: Number of bulbs in series circuit Voltage of battery (double click the battery to see, should be same for all) Current leaving the battery 1 10V 1A 2 10V .5A 3 10V .33A B) Choose the correct words to complete each phrase: The circuit with more bulbs in series has the (greatest/smallest) current, the electrons move most (quickly/slowly), and the bulb are (brighter/dimmer/same brightness) C) Choose the correct word to complete each phrase: As more and more bulbs are attached in SERIES, the total resistance for the circuit (increases/decreases) D) Disconnect one of the bulbs in the 3-bulb circuit (click on the connection). What happens to the light from the other two bulbs of that circuit? The other two bulbs will not light up. Part 3: On the board, make 3 different circuits. Double-click on the battery for each circuit to adjust the voltage to some constant value. (It can be 10 V or 24 V or 100 V, but they all need to be the same.) - Circuit 1: 1 battery powering one bulb. Lab05: Simulations and Current PHYS 171: Computational Lab for Electricity and Motion C. Love, Drexel University; edited by R. Kratzer, Drexel University Page 3 of 6

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- Circuit 2: 1 battery powering 2 bulbs in parallel - Circuit 3: 1 battery power 3 bulbs in parallel A) Use the ammeter in the tool box to measure the current coming out of each of the 3 batteries. Complete the following data table: Number of bulbs in parallel circuit Voltage of battery (double click the battery to see, should be same for all) Current leaving the battery (Make sure you measure at the point the current leaves the battery) 1 10 1A 2 10 2A 3 10 3A B) Choose the correct word to complete each phrase: The circuit with more bulbs in parallel has the (greatest/smallest) current, the electrons move most (quickly/slowly) out of the battery, and the bulbs are (brighter/dimmer/same brightness) C) Choose the correct word to complete each phrase: As more and more bulbs are attached in parallel, the total resistance for the circuit (increases/decreases). D) Choose the correct word to complete each phrase. Disconnect one of the bulbs in the 3-bulb circuit (click on the connection). What happens to the light from the other two bulbs of that circuit? The other two bulbs remain lit. Lab05: Simulations and Current PHYS 171: Computational Lab for Electricity and Motion C. Love, Drexel University; edited by R. Kratzer, Drexel University Page 4 of 6

Lab05: Simulations and Current PHYS 171: Computational Lab for Electricity and Motion C. Love, Drexel University; edited by R. Kratzer, Drexel University Page 5 of 6

Part 4: A) Discuss with your group how to write a successful abstract. Recall an abstract is a brief paragraph summary of the lab where you simply state what you did (method, 1-2 sentences) and why you did it (purpose/theory, 1-2 sentences) and you concisely explain your results with respect to expectations and physical meaning (conclusion, 1-2 sentences). Together with your group, write an abstract for this lab. Our method was to use the lab in order to make the circuits we were told to do. We created circuits both in parallel and in series and checked their current in order to find patterns. We did so in order to gain a better understanding of the topic and find patterns in how voltage and resistance effects the current. We learned that the resistance lowers the current, with an inverse relationship. The voltage has a direct relationship, raising the current with a higher voltage B) Discuss your group’s ability to work as a team on this lab. Reflect on the group dynamics and behavior with respect to the learning process. How and why was the group successful? What needs improvement and why? We talked every problem through together and with the help of the website and lecture notes, we were able to answer every question. Lab05: Simulations and Current PHYS 171: Computational Lab for Electricity and Motion C. Love, Drexel University; edited by R. Kratzer, Drexel University Page 6 of 6

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