Experiment 2- Ohm's Law

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CUNY Lehman College *

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167

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Electrical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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Experiment 2: Ohm’s Law Abril Jimenez PHY 167 LAB Thursdays 8/10pm Partners: Hecnelly Guzman, Willie S. Due date: 10/12/2023
ABSTRACT This experiment emphasizes the necessity of a potential difference to generate an electric current. When a voltage is applied to a metal conductor, it causes the movement of charge, allowing electrons to flow. Materials with good conductivity easily transfer electrons, resulting in low resistance, while materials with poor conductivity transfer electrons less easily, leading to higher resistance. Wires, which act as a medium for charge movement, contain resistors that impede electron flow. Georg Ohm's experiments demonstrated that the potential difference applied to both ends of a resistor is directly proportional to the current, and this relationship remains constant regardless of the voltage (V). This relationship is known as Ohm's law, which holds true for many materials if the temperature remains constant. Ohm's Law: V = IR The main goals of this experiment are to achieve the following: using a multimeter, measure the current and voltage at specific locations within a circuit; determine the resistance through different approaches using the current and voltage measurements; and verify the validity of Ohm's Law. APPARATUS Resistor. Multimeters Wires Fuse DC power supply DATA Directly Measured Resistance: 0.223 x 1000 = 223 Ohm Voltage ( v ) Current ( A) 0.1 0.04 0.57 2.5 1.54 6.8 2.75 12.3
3.68 16.4 4.73 21.1 4.95 22.0 5.07 22.6 5.3 23.6 5.8 26.0 Calculation and Analysis 1. Calculate V/I for each pair of voltage current readings. Compute the average of your V/I value. This is one estimate for the resistance R. Voltage ( v ) Current ( A) V/I 0.1 0.04 0.250 X 1000 = 250 Ohm 0.57 2.5 0.228 x 1000 = 228 Ohm 1.54 6.8 0.226 x 1000 = 226 Ohm 2.75 12.3 0.223 x 1000 = 223 Ohm 3.68 16.4 0.224 x 1000 = 224 Ohm 4.73 21.1 0.224 x 1000 = 224 Ohm 4.95 22.0 0.225 x 1000 = 225 Ohm 5.07 22.6 0.224 x 1000 = 224 Ohm 5.3 23.6 0.224 x 1000 = 224 Ohm 5.8 26.0 0.223 x 1000 = 223 Ohm Average: 227 Ohm 2. Draw a graph showing the relation between voltage (y-axis) and current (x-axis). Draw the best fit straight line through the points on your graph. Calculate the slope of this line as another estimate for R.
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Slope = change y coordinate change xcoordinate = 3.68 2.75 16.4 12.3 = 0.2268 Slope ¿ Resistance ( R ) = V I = 0.2268 Ω 3. Calculate percent error for the two resistance values obtained: Percent Error: R 1 ( Ω ) = Average Value Accepted Value Accepted Value = 227 223 223 x 100 = ¿ 1.8% The results support Ohm's Law. Ohm's Law states that the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, and the values obtained align closely with the accepted values. This is proven by the minimal percent error yielded. Overall, the findings strongly support the expected linear relationship between voltage, current, and resistance as described by Ohm's Law. CONCLUSION
In this experiment, we conducted tests and gained knowledge about Ohm's law, which essentially describes the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in an electrical circuit. By utilizing this law, we were able to determine the resistance based on the voltage and current measurements. The experiment itself was straightforward to follow, and we adhered to the provided instructions accurately. However, it seems that we encountered a slight issue during the execution, as we obtained a small percentage error. Despite this 1.3% error, Ohm's law remained substantiated. To prevent any percentage errors in future experiments, students should exercise caution when conducting this experiment.