ET212_Week 6 Lab_IngramJ

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Grantham University *

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ET212

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Electrical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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Jason Ingram GID: G00151729 Lab 6: AC Models Grantham University Date: 11/26/2023

Introduction: This week’s lab is building an AC model of a transistor. This lab is trying to create an AC collector voltage that is larger than the base voltage, which would result in an amplifier with a voltage gain. There is going to be two parts to this lab. The first part of the lab (Part A) there will be a series of steps that would need to be followed and analyzed along with being tabled, and in the second part of the lab (Part B) there is a file that will need to be downloaded (“Lab 6 troubleshooting) and perform an analysis on the circuit and table the measurements. Equipment/Components:  NPN transistor: 2N3904  Five resistors: 1kΩ x2, 2kΩ, 10kΩ, and 40kΩ  Three capacitors: 1µF, 100µF  Jumper wires  Multisim (use in part B of lab)  Agilent multimeter (Multisim) (use in part B of lab)  Breadboard  NI myDAQ instrument device  USB  Multimeter with probes  Function generator, Oscilloscope, Multimeter Procedure: Part A of the lab:  This part of the lab will be using the NI myDAQ equipment/software. Using Figure 1 that was given in the lab requirements, analyze the circuit of the amplifier. Make the following calculations of the DC qualities I E ,V B ,V E ,V C , ∧ V CE . While assuming the beta value is 100 and the generator impedance R g = 0 Ω , calculate the AC quantities r c ,r e 1 ∧ A V (using r c ,r e 1 ). The next part of the analysis, calculate the AC output voltage V RL . Once all calculations have been down, build the circuit on the breadboard using all equipment list in the equipment list. After the circuit has been built on the breadboard, use the function generator in the instrument launcher and use the frequency of 1kHz. The next part of the lab, use the +15v pin and provide the supply voltage VCC. Then disconnect the generator input and analysis the DC by disconnecting the capacitors and measure V B ,V E ,V C ,V CE , I B ,I E , ∧ I C using the multimeter in the myDAQ software. During this part create a table to compare values that were calculated and measured. Then add the capacitor back to the circuit and take measurements again and input them in the table. Follow up with measurements using the multimeter for the following values: I E , ∧ I C , record the measurements on the table. Reconnect the generator to the amplifier and use the AI1 on the myDAQ software and measure the AC load voltage V RL using the oscilloscope. Determine the gain of the circuit and record the results.

Part B of the Lab:  Once the first part of the lab, download the file and reperform the analysis of the circuit. Once this has been completed, create a separate table, and measure the values with the expected values and compare them with the analysis that has been observed. Analyze the circuit and pinpoint the faults in the circuit, fix the issues and take new measurements and record the new values. Calculations: Part A: V B = R 2 R 2 + R 2 V CC V E = V B − V BE I E = V E R E V C = V CC − V RC V B = 10 kΩ 1 kΩ + 40 kΩ 15 V V E = 3 v − 0.7 I E = 2.3 v 1000 V C = 15 V − ¿ V B = ¿ 3V V E = ¿ 2.3V I E = 2.3 mA V C = ¿ 10.4V V CE = 1 2 V CC A V = r c r e r c = R 1 ∗ R 2 R 1 + R 2 r e ' = 25 mV I E V CE = 1 2 ∗ 15 V A V = 666.67 Ω 10.87 Ω r c = 1 kΩ ∗ 2 kΩ 1 kΩ + 2 kΩ r e ' = 25 mV 2.3 mA V CE = 7.5 V A V = ¿ 61.33V r c = ¿ 666.67 Ω r e ' = ¿ 10.87 Ω V RL = A V ∗ V Measured A V V RL = 61.33 v ∗ 10 mV A V = V RL V ❑ V RL = 0.613 V A V = 0.337 V 6.6 mV A V = ¿ 51.06V Part B: V B = R 2 R 2 + R 2 V CC V E = V B − V BE I E = V E R E V C = V CC − V RC V B = 2.2 k 2.2 k + 10 k 10 V V E = 1.8 V − 0.7 I E = 1.1 v 1000 V C = 10 −( 1.1 mA ∗ 3.6 k ) V B = 1.8 V V E = 1.1 V I E = 1.1 mA V C = 6 V V CE = V C − V E

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V C = 6 V − 1.1 mA V C = 4.9 V Circuit design: Design with Capacitors Design without Capacitors

Execution/Results: Measured with Capacitors.

Measured without capacitors. Analysis: Part A: Calculated Measured w/out Capacitors Measured with Capacitors V B 3V 5V 9.44V V E 10.4V 163v 12.2V V BE 0.7V 566v 19.7mV V CE 8.1V 163v 12.9V

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I E 2.3mA 12mA 12mA I C 2.3mA 2.95mA 2.95mA A V 61.33V 61.33V 61.33V V RL 0.613V 0.613V 0.613V Part B: Calculated Troubleshooting Corrected Fault V B 1.8V 10kΩ 3.31mV V E 1.1V 2.2kΩ 1.79V V C 6V 3.6kΩ 5.66V V CE 4.9V 1kΩ 1.12V Conclusion: During this lab, we built the circuit and took multiple reading using the oscilloscope and probes. Changing the resistors ohmage also then gave different readings for the same circuit.