Group Lab report OHM´S LAW

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Jan 9, 2024

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PHYSICS LABORATORY LAB REPORT – 60% OF THE LAB GRADE (Complete and save in pdf, send it by assignment in blackboard) Name (Last, First) Zahan, Ilma Segura Alvarez, Fabiola Zchesan, Leonel Title of the lab: OHM ’ S LAW. Date 05/26/2022 OBJECTIVES: (5 points) 1) Experimentally demonstrate Ohm´s Law. 2) Determine the resistance in a simple circuit. 3) Compare resistances from the parameters of curves fit. MATERIALS: (Complete by watching the video to the measures). (5 points) Battery Eliminator – Voltage Supply Power supply Red wire Black wire Ammeter Voltmeter Black resistor with nichrome wire EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: (Complete by watching the video all parts). (3 points) In the first video, the professor proceeded to turn on the Voltage Supply. At the beginning the Voltage was zero Volts and the Ammeter and Voltmeter read zero energy frequency going through the wires. Later, the professor increased the number of Volts by two Volts per cycle. When he increased the Volts, the Ammeter and the Voltmeter started to read the new values per cycle. Once the professor increased the supply to the last amount of eight Volts, he presented the table with the results of Voltage and Current in the fourth cycles calculated. Also, he presented a graph with a straight line that proved the direct relationship these two variables. In the second video, a professor presented the same apparatus to calculate the flow of charges and proceed to increase the Volts to two Volts per cycle until the last parameter of twelve Volts while he was increasing the Volts he was collecting the data in the report to proof how the increase in Volts is directly proportional to the Amperes.

Draw a simple electric circuit to demonstrate the Ohm´s law, use the symbols of power supply, resistor, voltmeter and ammeter. (4 points ) Write the Ohm´s law equation and the name of each term. (3 points) 𝐼 = 𝑉 𝑅 I= Current (A- Ampere) V = Voltage (V) R = Resistance (Ω – Flow inhibitor) V=R I V=R I +0 Formula to find the slope-intercept (m) of the line:

Y=mX+b EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS: DATA, CALCULATIONS, TABLES, GRAPHS PART I: Ohm´s Law. 1.1. (watch the video and take the date of current and voltage). (20 points) CIRCUIT 1 run Voltage (V) Current (A) 1 2.0 0.20 2 3.5 0.34 3 5.5 0.50 4 7.5 0.70 5 9.0 0.88 6 11.0 1.10 CIRCUIT 2 run Voltage (V) Current (A) 1 1.2 0.03 2 3.6 0.10 3 6.0 0.18 4 8.4 0.24 5 6 1.2. Observe the values of voltage and current. There are related?. Explain How? (10 points) Yes, the values of the voltage and current are related because as the voltage increases the current also increases. They are directly proportionate relationship between the two. The Current Ampere is directly proportional to the Potential Difference. The result from the experiment reassures the principal idea of Ohm’s Law that one volt of pressure is required to push one amp of current through one ohm of resistance

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1.3. Open Logger Pro and plot de two Voltage vs Current graphs and obtain a linear fit. Attach the graph (very clear and legible). (10 points) .

1.4. What is values, units and the physical meaning does the slopes?. (10 points) Circuit 1 the m=10 V/A = 10 Ω - Unit Ohms Circuit 2 the m= 33.7 V/A= 33.7 Ω - Unit Ohms The physical meaning of the slope is the resistance of the circuit. 1.5. Which physical meaning that two graphics ( V vs I ) have different slopes?. (10 points) The two graphs have different slopes because the two circuits have different resistance. 1.6 . What is values and the physical meaning of the Y intercepts? (10 points) Circuit 1 the b=0.1650 V Circuit 2 the b= 0.2123 V The physical meaning of the Y intercepts is the error in the measurements of the voltage. The intercept must be 0 but, in this case, the y intercept is closed to 0.2 which results from the error in the instrument.

CONCLUSIONS: Critical analysis about the fulfillment of each objective. (10 points). Three separate paragraphs, one by each objective, comment the errors in the measures system and the mathematical model. Objective 1): (2 points) In this experiment, the Ohm’s law was demonstrated. This was done by showing that the current is directly proportionate and related to the voltage. And using the values obtained from the experiment circuits a graph was generated. This graph showed a linear function which is corre ct to the Ohm’s law. Meaning that a straight line was obtained from the graph. Each point in the graph shown above touches the straight line and for this reason the Ohm’s law was demonstrated in this experiment. Ohm’s Law demonstrate s a direct relationship between Voltage and Ampere. When the professor increased the number of Volts in the Voltage Supply the Ammeter and the Voltmeter read a simultaneously increase in the frequency of flow charges and the pressure that triggers the flow. Also, this experiment demonstrates that the flow of charges depends on the work done to push the energy from one cable to another. If there is no work done to push the charge, the electricity would not flow from one point to another. Objective 2): (2 points) Based on this experiment, the value of the electrical resistance in circuit one is 10 V/A = 10 Ω Ohm’s. The value for circuit two is 33.7 V/A= 33.7 Ω Ohm’s. These are the experimental value of the resistance which was determined by the experiment. Objective 3): (2 points) Experimental resistance of the circuits can be compared by using the slope of the graphs. The slope is directly related to and is the resistance. As we can see from the graph, circuit one has a resistance of 10 Ohm’s which is less than of circuit two, 33.7 Ohm’s. Errors: (4 points): In this experiment, there were three principal errors that affected the results. The first being the human error. Human error is significant because the person took visual measures of the voltage and current and not the exact values/measurements. He only based his calculations on a visual lecture from the two devices rather than taken the results from a precise data collector. The second and the third errors come from the devices themself, they are analogic. This means they were manipulated mechanically rather than electronically therefore there was a slightly margin of discrepancy in the slope. Measurement errors of the instrument comes into play when the y intercepts are closer to 0.2 and not zero. The slope had a little

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difference 0.2 V thus in the graph, the straight line did not cross all the intercept points of the Voltage and Amperes. In fact, the line touched majority of points but did not cross them in the middle as it was expected. Although the measurements are good and very close, they are still not exact or perfect which is why there are errors in the experiment.

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