exam 2

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Temple University *

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0872

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Speed of Sound = 345 m/s = 1130 ft/s = 770 miles/hr When the hair cells are damaged the hearing loss may be remedied with a cochlear implant system Of the four tones of different frequencies, all with a 60 dB SIL, which one appears the loudest? 4000 Hz We can notice the difference in frequency of two sounds at 440 Hz and 444 Hz even though the specific regions on the basilar membrane that respond to them (their critical bands) overlap with each other To reduce the reverberation time in a room, All of the above -you want to use more absorbent materials for the surfaces in the room -you want to increase the surface area made of more absorbent materials -you want to reduce the surface area made of highly reflective materials Which statement is correct? -Higher frequency sounds vibrate the basilar membrane closer to the apex of the cochlea. -Lower frequency sounds vibrate the basilar membrane closer to the base of the cochlea. -Sounds of all frequencies vibrate the basilar membrane equally at any locations of the cochlea. Correct Answer Lower frequency sounds vibrate the basilar membrane closer to the ape x of the cochlea.

In a room where the ceiling is assumed to be perfectly reflective, a listener is 20 m from a sound source and the sound is also reflected by the ceiling, traveling 40 m to reach the listener. What is the time elapsed between the direct sound and the sound reflected by the ceiling reach the listener? The speed of sound is 344 m/s. 0.058 s Inharmonicity refers to which of the following? The frequencies of overtones in a sound are not integer times the fundamental frequency. In a room where the ceiling is assumed to be perfectly reflective, a listener is 20 m from a sound source and the sound is also reflected by the ceiling, traveling 40 m to reach the listener. If the intensity of the direct sound heard by the listener is ID, what is the intensity of the ceiling reflection when it reaches the listener? ID/4 Which statement is INCORRECT? -Curtain is more absorbent than plywood at high frequency. Correct! Curtain is always more absorbent than plywood. -Curtain is always more absorbent than concrete. -Absorption coefficient changes with frequency The loudness level of 1 phon is

1 dB at 1000 Hz The tone quality (timbre) of a sound is determined primarily by waveform of the sound Undulations of bright stripes in a spectrogram indicate Vibrato 00:02 When two tones with frequencies 550 Hz and 330 Hz are played simultaneously, it sounds as if a tone of 110 Hz is being played. This effect is Fundamental tracking When synthesizing a sound from a pure sound and its harmonics, the change of which properties of the harmonics will not change the timber of the sound? The phases of the harmonics Reverberation time is the time required for the sound intensity level to decrease by 60 dB Which material is the most absorbent at 1000 Hz? Carpet

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In the equal-tempered chromatic scale, if A4=440 Hz, then the note one octave (12 semitones) higher is A5=880 Hz. What is the frequency of the note 5 semitones higher from A4? 587 Hz The frequency of any note can be calculated from the formula f =440•2 n /12 where f is the frequency in Hz and n is the number of semitones between A4 and the note in question. Thus, A4# is one semitone higher, so its frequency is 440•2 1/12 =466.16376 Hz . A5 is an octave higher, that is 12 semitones, so its frequency is 440•2 12/12 =440•2=880 Hz . A music scale is a succession of notes that divide an octave interval into a certain number of steps. The musical interval octave is the interval between which two notes? The second harmonic and the fundamental Rank the musical intervals in terms of the ratio of the two frequencies, f2:f1, from the most dissonant to the most consonant: (1) 2:1 (2) 3:2 (3) 4:3 (4) 5:4 (4) (3) (2) (1)

Note 2 is a perfect fifth higher than Note 1. Note 3 is a perfect fourth higher than Note 2. What is the frequency ratio of Note 3 over Note 1? 2 A major triad is a chord with a root, a major third, and perfect fifth. The frequency ratio of the three notes is 1:1.25:1.5 How many semitones are there in an octave? 12 Harmony is playing/singing two or more pitches simultaneously If a whole note is worth 4 beats, how many beats is a quarter note? 1 Quarter 4 Whole 2 Half 8th ½ 16th ¼ Rhythm is the pattern of sound, silence, and emphasis in time The frequency of the third harmonic of an overtone series is 450 Hz. What is the frequency of the seventh harmonic?

1050 Hz 450/3=150x7 Beats per minute measures the tempo of the music To remove high order harmonics from a sound, you use a low-pass filter Which part of a bagpipe serves the role of a resonator? The chanter pipe A speaker converts electrical signals to sound through the interaction between the magnetic field generated by the voice coil and the magnetic field of the permanent magnet In amplitude modulation, the amplitude changes but the frequency does not change Analog-to-digital conversion converts voltage signal to binary numbers Two magnets repel each other if the north pole of one magnet is brought near the north pole of the second magnet

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Which animal uses the same mechanism to make sounds as humans do? a lion Inharmonicity refers to Higher mode frequencies are not integer times the fundamental frequency A synthesizer makes sound by generating electrical signals The vibration that leads to the sound of which instrument is noise? - flute Which method(s) is (are) used to generate vibrations in musical instruments? Bowing or plucking a string. Correct! All of the above. Blowing wind over a hole or across a reed. Striking an object. If the vocal resonator of John Doe is considered as a tube with one end open and one end closed with a length of about 17.2 cm, the vocal formants of his voice would NOT be around 500 Hz 2500 Hz 1500 Hz

Correct! 1000 Hz Which statement is INCORRECT? -Consonants break up the stream of vowels. Correct! A consonant is pronounced with the mouth fairly open. -A consonant is pronounced with the mouth fairly closed. -Consonant sound is made by blocking the air flow with the teeth, tongue, lips or palate. According to the Bernoulli’s Principle, the air pressure is lower where the air flow is faster The pitch of the human voice is determined by the vocal cords (the vocal folds) The vocal resonator includes Correct! All of the above. the pharynx. the oral cavity. the larynx Softer voices are more difficult to understand than louder voices because high frequency formants are missing in softer voices Speech recognition relies on analysis of formants

Order the frequency ranges of the voice types, from the highest to the lowest. (1) Tenor (2) Baritone (3) Mezzo-Soprano (4) Soprano (4) (3) (1) (2) Comparing to speech, for singing aesthetics is more important than intelligibility Vowel modification when singing high notes -is achieved by opening the mouth wider. -aims to to tune the formant to coincide with the pitch. Correct! All of the above. -pushes the frequency of the first formant up. The vocal formats are the resonant frequencies of the vocal resonator

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