ECE35Lab2
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Electrical Engineering
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Apr 3, 2024
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ECE 35 Lab 2 Name PID Name PID In this lab you will simulate and analyze circuits with the goal of furthering your understanding
of superposition and Thevenin/Norton equivalent circuits. If you wanted to build and test the circuits we will analyze here, you would use a
power supply
to implement the voltage and current sources. We won’t be able to do that this quarter.
However, you must watch this short video to become familiar with how a power supply works. Part A. Superposition in Linear Circuits Do not simulate this circuit yet. First think
about these questions. How will the polarity
and magnitude of the output voltage change
if you reverse the polarity of the voltage
source
(V2)
and
change
the
direction
of
current source (I1)? Hint: Since this is a linear circuit, the effect of
each source on the output voltage can be
analyzed
using
the
following
expression:
𝑉
out
=
𝑎
×
𝑉
2
+
𝑏
×
𝐼
1
, in which “a” is the effect of
𝑉
2
and “b” is the effect of 𝐼
1
on the output.
Write your hypothesis here. Do you expect the same change if you change the polarity or the direction of only one source?
Why or why not? Write your answer below. Does the choice of which node you make ground impact the value of V
out
?
Write your
explanation below.
Now simulate this circuit in Multisim (name it “Lab 2A”). Test your hypotheses. Were your
expectations correct? If not, explain why.
Write your answers below
.
Include a screenshot of
your Multisim circuit. Save your simulation (see instructions in Lab 0; name is now “Lab 2A”) and paste the link below
. Part B. Thevenin Equivalent Circuit Consider the circuit in Fig 1 below. Fig 1. Build this circuit in Multisim (create a new file and name it “Lab 2B”). You can find dependent
sources under “Modeling blocks”. For more information, check out this
tutorial video
made by
one of our tutors. The goal is to find the Thevenin equivalent model of this circuit, as seen
between A and B. To do this, measure the values of the open circuit voltage V
oc
and the short
circuit current i
sc
. You don’t need to do any calculations, just measurements.
Report your values
below
. Include a screenshot of your Multisim circuit.
From
these
measurements,
find
the Thevenin equivalent
model parameters V
Th
and R
Th
. Show your calculations below
. For the circuit in Fig 1, if I were to place a load resistor of
1Ω
between A and B, what do you
expect the current through this resistor to be? Do NOT simulate this, but find the answer based
on what you have measured/analyzed thus far. Write your reasoning and results below. Verify your previous answer through simulation. Do you get what you expect?
Write your
observations below
. Now pick five other load resistor values (you can choose, but try to pick them somewhat evenly
spaced between
0.05Ω and 5Ω
). Each time, put the resistor between A and B in the circuit of
Fig. 1 and measure the voltage over and the current through the resistor. What do you notice?
Write your results below. Based on these measurements, calculate the power received by these different load resistors.
Plot this power versus the load resistance. What do you observe? Is this what you expected?
Does this correspond to what you know about maximum power consumption?
Include your
plot below and include your observations.
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Now in the original circuit of Fig 1 in Multisim, set all the independent sources equal to zero.
Apply a test voltage of 1V between A and B and measure the current supplied by this source.
What do you find? How does this relate to the Thevenin model?
Write your observations
below? Include a screenshot of your Multisim circuit. Now consider the original circuit of Fig 1 (with the independent sources in there). What do you
expect the current to be when you place a 1V test voltage between A and B now? Do not
simulate this. Instead you can use any of the things you’ve measured or calculated thus far to
find the answer. Write your reasoning and calculations below. Verify with a Multisim simulation. Does it confirm your reasoning? Why, why not?
Write your
conclusions below
. In the original circuit of Fig 1, double the value of the independent voltage source and current
source. Before doing any measurement, what do you expect the new Thevenin model to be?
Write your hypothesis below.
Verify your hypothesis with Multisim. How did you do this? What do you observe?
Write your
answer below. Hopefully these exercises helped you appreciate the power of the Thevenin model. Save your
simulation (name: “Lab 2B”) and paste the link below
. CONGRATULATIONS, YOU REACHED THE END OF LAB 2
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