Week3 Lab 5 BJTs-OL

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EET120 Semiconductor Devices Experiment 5: Bipolar Junction Transistor Objectives: After completing this experiment, you should be able to: 1. Analyze the operation of a transistor as a switch. 2. Analyze the characteristics of a transistor as an amplifier. Components needed: 1. Multisim Procedure: Part I: Transistor regions of Operation 1. A Transistor can be used as a switch only when it is operating in a. Saturation (Transistor ON) b. Cut-off (Transistor is OFF). In the linear region the transistor acts as an amplifier. 2. Using a 100kΩ potentiometer, calculate the resistance values for R B . 3. Record the result in Table 1 with base resistance (R B = R 12 ). 2 1 3 0 %

R B = R 12 V RB = V 12 I B = V 12 R 12 V 330Ω I C = V R 3 R 3 V CE β DC LED status Transistor Region 100% ≈ 100k 1.316v 13.15uA 638.39mV 1.93mA 2.657v 147.77 off active 80% ≈ 80k 1.309v 16.35uA 812.28m V 2.46m A 2.471v 150.4 6 off active 60% ≈ 60k 1.3v 21.7uA 1.103v 3.34m A 2.164v 154.2 7 off active 40% ≈ 40k 1.288v 32.3uA 1.677v 5.08m A 1.568v 157.9 1 on active 20% ≈ 20k 1.267v 63.7uA 3.004v 9.1mA 210.63m V 143.7 8 on saturation 0% ≈ 0.01 112.8u V 37900u A 3.163v 9.58m A 48.92mV 8490 on saturation Table 1 Calculated and Measured values 4. Build the following circuit

5. Set the power supply + voltage to 2.0 V . 6. Measure the voltage across the potentiometer between pins 1 and 2 using the DMM. Record the result in Table 2 above as V 12 . 7. Calculate the base current (I B ) using ohm’s law and record the result in Table 2 above under base current I B . 8. Measure the voltage across the 330Ω resistance using DMM. Record the result in Table 2 above as V 330Ω . 9. Calculate the collector current (I C ) using ohm’s law and record the result in Table 2 above under collector current I C . 10. Measure the voltage between the collector and the emitter (V CE ) of the transistor and record the result in Table 2 under V CE . 11. Indicate the LED status (ON/OFF) in Table 2 under LED status. 12. Calculate the β DC of the transistor using the formula below and record the result in Table 2 under β DC . β DC = I C I B 13. Indicate the transistor region of operation in Table 2 under transistor region by observing the V CE and I C . Remember, β DC should be relatively constant in the linear range but not in cutoff or saturation. 14. Repeat steps from 8 through 17 for the values listed in Table 1 by decreasing the resistance in steps of 20%. 15. While observing the LED, vary the potentiometer. Write your observation below. As the potentiometer was adjusted from 100 percent to the left the led gets brighter but when turning to the right or closer to 100 percent it gets dimmer. 16. Re-arrange the circuit so the power supply negative is connected to the pin 1 on the potentiometer as shown below.

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17. Now you are applying negative voltage to the base of the NPN transistor. 18. Vary the potentiometer wiper. Write your observations below. The led turns off when applying negative voltage. But when changing the potentiometer the light stays the same not matter how changing the potentiometer.

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