lab3report

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CUNY LaGuardia Community College *

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221

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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EE 22100 Electrical Engineering Laboratory I Spring 2023 Lab Report Experiment #3 Voltage and Current Division Instructor: Muhammad Irfan Name: Christian Chu Yang Date: 3/8/2023

Objective: The goal of this experiment is to learn the concepts of voltage dividers while parallel resistors act as current dividers Procedure: 1. Simulation in multisim of voltage divider network Figure 1: voltage divider network Multisim is first opened so we draw the circuit shown in figure 1. We click on simulate>Analyses and simulation. DC sweep is then selected with a starting value of 0 V and a final value of 5 V with 0.1 V for the increment. The V (1) source is added to be plotted. Then we simulate and save results. The process is repeated to get V (2). 2. Simulation in multisim of current divider network

Figure 2: current divider network Multisim is first opened so we draw the circuit shown in figure 2. We click on simulate->Analyses ->simulation. DC sweep is then selected with a starting value of 0 V and a final value of 5 V with 0.1 V for the increment. The sources V (1), I(R1), I(R2) and I(R3) are added to be plotted one at a time. 3. We measure the resistors with the DMM and make comparisons with the values from the Color codes. 4. After constructing the circuit from figure 1 in the protoboard and connected it to the power supple. LabVIEW is opened and we select “power supply voltage sweep”. The voltage is set to 5V and we test the voltage from each resistor with the DMM. Then, we sweep the input voltage from 0 V to 5V with an increment of 0.1 V. we save results and repeat the sweep to get voltages from R1 and R2. 5. The circuit from figure 2 is set on the protoboard. Then we set the DC power supply from 1V to 5V and measure currents for each voltage respectively. We save results into a table and compare to a simulation Data and graph analysis

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Graph 1: voltage divider plot Graph 1 displays the voltages across 15k Ω and 33k Ω respectively vs the input voltage Graph 2: simulated and measured values for voltage divider and KVL plot from the simulated vr2 and measured vr2 it can be seen that the voltage measurements are accurate. In the other hand, for Vr1, it can be seen that they are very separate, this might be a result from a measurement error.

Graph 4 and 5: Graph 4 shows the values of current for simulations and measurements across the 22k Ω and 10k Ω vs the input current Graph 5 shows the simulated sums of currents from Ir2 and Ir3 with the sum of input current. Theoretical R Measured R % error 1k 0.99k 1% 10k 9.6955k 3.05% 15k 14.852k 0.99% 22k 21.90k 0.45% 33k 32.549k 1.37% Vs( V) Ir1- measured( mA) IR2- measured( mA) IR3- Measured( mA) IR1- calculated(m A) IR2- calculated( mA) IR3- calculated( mA) 1 0.1452 0.038 0.086 0.127 0.04 0.088 2 0.2897 0.0.81 0.0174 0.254 0.08 0.176 3 0.4367 0.118 0.263 0.381 0.12 0.265 4 0.5837 0.159 0.353 0.508 0.16 0.353 5 0.728 0.2 0.441 0.635 0.201 0.442 Formulas

Ohm's law: Req= R1+ (R2||R3) = 7.875k Ω IR1= Vs/Req Current división: IR2=IR1*(IR2+IR3) IR3=IR2*(IR2+IR3) KCL; IR1=IR2+IR3 Post lab questions: 1.Can your DMM be used to confirm Ohm's Law if you were given some unknown resistor and voltage source? Could you take the unknown resistor and measure its resistance using your DMM, and then measure the voltage of the voltage source with the DMM, and finally connect them up together and measure the resulting current with the DMM to confirm that V = IR? Is ohms law (V=IR) a law of physics just like the law of gravity (F = GmM / r2)? Ans: Ohm’s law does not apply to random resistors. If unknown were given, we would have to do more calculations to verify if Ohm’s law can be applied to these cases. If we were to use just the DMM, Ohms law would fait to be confirmed as step responses won’t be detected. Conclusion: In this experiment we proved that KCl and KVl can be used for the circuits built on the protoboard. The data from the simulation and experiment came close to each other. Although there were some errors seen through the MATLAB Graphs, they are significant as they came very close. We also learnt that Ohms law can’t be applied to all resistors

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