Ohms Law Draft

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School

Community College of Baltimore County *

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101

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Electrical Engineering

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by BarristerIceSquirrel32

Name: Lab Title: Ohm’s Law SBA Format: ORR Experiment: Electricity and Magnetism Aim: To (a) verify ohms law and (b) determine the resistance R of a color-coded resistor and compare with manufactures specifications. Theory: Georg Simon Ohm discovered Ohm’s law which states that, the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, provided all physical conditions and temperature, remain constant. The formula for Ohm’s law is V=IR where V is the voltage across the conductor, I is the current flowing through the conductor and R is the resistance provided by the conductor to the flow of current. An ohmic conductor is one follows Ohm’s law that its resistance remains the same when current and voltage change. A non-ohmic conductor does not follow ohm’s law which means that its resistance changes while current and voltage change. I – V characteristics stand for Current – Voltage characteristics of an electrical component or device. Current (I) and Voltage (V) characteristics show the relationships between the current flowing through an electronic device and the applied voltage across terminals. I – V characteristics curves are usually used to determine and understand the basic perimeters of a component or device and which can also be used to mathematically model its behavior within an electronic circuit. Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit. Resistance is measured in ohms, symbolized by the Greek letter omega (Ω). Resistor Color Coding uses colored bands to quickly identify a resistors resistive value and its percentage of tolerance with the physical size of the resistor indicating its wattage rating. Physics SBA

Name: Lab Title: Ohm’s Law SBA Format: ORR This is and Resistor color code table: Variable: Manipulated: Voltage (V) Responding: Current (I) Controlled:  Battery  Temperature of the wire  Resistor  Same type of wires Physics SBA

Name: Lab Title: Ohm’s Law SBA Format: ORR Apparatus:  Wires  Battery  Switch  Rheostat  Ammeter  Voltmeter  Resistor Diagram: Physics SBA

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Name: Lab Title: Ohm’s Law SBA Format: ORR Physics SBA

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Name: Lab Title: Ohm’s Law SBA Format: ORR Method: 1. The circuit was drawn on paper and approved by the teacher 2. All components and equipment were tested for continuity. 3. The circuit was set up as drawn above. 4. The switch was closed. 5. The current on the ammeter was recorded. 6. The voltage on the voltmeter was collected. 7. The rheostat was adjusted 8 – 10 times over the widest possible range for new values of current and voltage 8. The direction of the component was reversed and steps 1 – 6 were repeated but record all current and voltage values as negative. 9. The results were placed in a table and a graph was drawn Current (I) A(amps) vs Voltage (V) V(volts). Physics SBA

Name: Lab Title: Ohm’s Law SBA Format: ORR Results: Resistor Current (I)/(A) Voltage V/(V) 0.11 0.7 0.15 1 0.20 1.3 0.25 1.6 0.30 2 0.35 2.3 0.40 2.6 0.45 3 0.50 3.3 Reverse -0.11 -0.6 -0.15 -1 -0.20 -1.3 -0.25 -1.7 -0.30 -2 -0.35 -2.3 -0.40 -2.7 -0.45 -3.0 Calculations: Physics SBA

Name: Lab Title: Ohm’s Law SBA Format: ORR Gradient (Resistor) M = y 2 − y 1 x 2 − x 1 M = 0.47 −(− 0.37 ) 3.1 −(− 2.5 ) M = 0.84 5.6 M = 0.15 Resistance R = 1 M R = 1 0.15 R = 6.66 ohms Precaution: Physics SBA

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Name: Lab Title: Ohm’s Law SBA Format: ORR  It was ensured that the circuit was drawn on a paper and approved by the teacher.  It was ensured that all components and equipment to be used were checked.  It was ensured that the circuit was set up as drawn in the circuit diagram.  It was ensured that the switch was open.  It was ensured that the rheostat was set at maximum initially  It was ensured that suitable ranges of meters were chosen  It was ensured that the ammeter was placed in series.  It was ensured that the voltmeter was placed in parallel across from appropriate device.  It was ensured that the ammeter and voltmeter were placed with correct polarity. Sources of error:  Temperature- The increase or decrease of temperature caused electrons to move faster or slow down which led to inaccurate results.  Battery Drain- Constant use of the battery in the circuit drained the battery’s power which caused a loss in voltage. This loss of voltage may have led to inaccurate readings.  Equipment error- Discussion: Physics SBA

Name: Lab Title: Ohm’s Law SBA Format: ORR Despite my lack of knowledge in building circuits and getting readings, the experiment was quite simple to carry out. The results show that there is a directly proportional relationship between current and voltage in a resistor, therefore, verifying Ohm’s law, and proving that a resistor is an ohmic conductor. When a graph of Current (I) vs Voltage (V) was drawn it can be seen that voltage is directly proprtional to current corming its theory. The manufacturer's specs and tested resistance of the resistor was 6.8 ohms, however when the values obtained were graphed, the gradient was found and then reciprocated, then the resistance was found to be 6.66 ohms but is within the 5% tolerance of the resistor. This experiment can be improved by employing a variety of resistors to get a larger sample size and verify if they all obey ohms law and have the resistance that matches the manufacturer's specifications. Reflection: Ohms law can be used in real life to regulate the speed of fans. We may control the speed of the fans in our homes by moving the regulator back and forth. The current going through the fan is regulated here by regulating the resistance via the regulator. Conclusion: Withing the limits of experimental error ohms law was verified as it showed a directly proportional relationship between current and voltage. Despite the manufacturer stating the resistance of the resistor was 6.8 ohm the resistance was found to be 6.6 ohms but is within the 5% tolerance of the resistor. References: Physics SBA

Name: Lab Title: Ohm’s Law SBA Format: ORR What is ohms law? https://byjus.com/physics/ohms-law/ Difference Between Ohmic and Non-Ohmic Conductors https://askanydifference.com/difference-between-ohmic-and-non-ohmic-conductors/ #:~:text=Ohmic%20conductors%20are%20the%20conductors,with%20changing%20current %20and%20voltage . I – V Characteristic Graph https://www.ossila.com/files/1/0823/0287/files/resistor-iv-curve.png?3480456267543340513 What is Resistance? https://www.fluke.com/en/learn/blog/electrical/what-is-resistance#:~:text=Resistance%20is %20a%20measure%20of,Greek%20letter%20omega%20(%CE%A9) . What are Resistor color codes? https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/reference/chpt-2/resistor-color-codes/ Resistor color code chart: https://www.digikey.lt/-/media/Images/Article%20Library/TechZone%20Articles/2017/April/Big %20Boys%20Race%20Young%20Girls%20Violet%20Wins%20Resistors%20Color%20Codes/ article-2017april-big-boys-race-our-fig1.png?ts=73a146cd-95c2-4d3a-86d4- 8fe6436de89a&la=en-LT Physics SBA

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Name: Lab Title: Ohm’s Law SBA Format: ORR Accountability Statement SBA Reports/ Projects/ Assignments 1. I hereby certify that I am the author of the attached item of SBA Report/ Project/ Assignment and that all materials from reference sources have been properly acknowledged. 2. I understand what plagiarism is and what penalties may be imposed on students found guilty of plagiarism. [See TCE Science 2020+ Regulations 03 (i)–(iv) and 10 (i) for both an explanation of plagiarism and the penalties.] 3. I certify that this paper contains no plagiarised material. 4. I certify that this is my own work and that I did not receive any unfair assistance from others (including unauthorised collaboration) in its preparation. 5. I certify that this SBA Report/ Project/ Assignment has not previously been submitted either in its entirety or in part within the TCE system or to any other educational institution. 6. In the case of group work, I certify that the work that is the responsibility of each member of the group has been clearly indicated and that where no such indication has been given, I take the responsibility for the work as if it were the section of the report/ assignment for which I am solely responsible and that I have not collaborated with any members of the group to breach the TCE Science regulations. Physics SBA TRINITY COLLEGE EAST DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE Please sign by date: Andre Providence Date: 14/02/2022

Name: Lab Title: Ohm’s Law SBA Format: ORR EXTRACTS FROM TCE SCIENCE 2020+ REGULATIONS FOR REPORTS/ ASSIGNMENTS CHEATING 03. (i) Cheating shall constitute a major offence under these regulations. (ii) Cheating is any attempt to benefit one’s self or another by deceit or fraud. (iii) Plagiarism is a form of cheating. (iv) Plagiarism is the unauthorised and/or unacknowledged use of another person’s intellectual efforts and creations howsoever recorded, including whether formally published or in manuscript or in typescript or other printed or electronically presented form and includes taking passages, ideas or structures from another work or author without proper and unequivocal attribution of such source(s), using the conventions for attributions or citing used in TCE Science [APA Edition 2020]. 10. (i) If any candidate is suspected of cheating, or attempting to cheat, the circumstances shall be reported to the appropriate subject head, Dean, AND/ OR school administration. If it is so decided, the student AND/OR their parent/guardian shall be invited for an interview, and an investigation shall be conducted. If the candidate is found guilty of cheating or attempting to cheat, the student shall be disqualified from the examination in the course concerned, and may also be disqualified from all examinations taken in that examination session. In the case of an SBA, said report shall attract an automatic score of ZERO for both the student who has plagiarized and the student from whose report the plagiarism has occurred. It is left to the discretion of the subject head IF a re-submission is warranted. If the student fails to attend and does not offer a satisfactory excuse prior to the interview, the case may be heard in the student’s absence. Physics SBA

Ohms Law Draft

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