Template - Experiment #3-2
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Electrical Engineering
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Apr 3, 2024
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Science and Mathematics Department
Columbia College Chicago
Course: Science and Technology in the Arts
Experiment # 3-2
Manipulating Sound - Amplifiers
Objectives:
Be able to change the quality of the sound by using amplifiers and filters
To learn how to edit sound using software (Audacity)
Description of the experiment
In this experiment we will explore how to generate and edit sound using a software package called Audacity. Audacity is an open source software that complies with all the needs of the course. It is easy to learn and use. You can use also the Adobe software Audition, it is more powerful, but the learning curve will take more time! Part I - Manipulating Sound Part 1 - Amplifying Sound
In this part of the experiment, we will use the application Audacity to modify the Intensity
of a given sound
PLEASE READ ALL THE ASSIGNMENT BEFORE STARTING TO WORK ON IT!!!!!!!!!
NOTE
: The template provided includes placeholders
of the images you will produce during the experiment. You will replace the images on the file with your images and corroborate that the text below the image you placed, match the image you produced!. Introduction to Audacity and amplifying a sound wave
With Audacity generate a file that has a sinusoidal wave of 500 Hz and an amplitude of 0,1 with the length of 5 seconds. To do this please follow the instructions below.
Last Updated 1/15/2021
1) Open Audacity
2) Go to "Generate" > "Tones..." it will drop a menu select "Waveform" sinusoidal, "Frequency", type 500 Hz, "Amplitude" (go from 0 to 1 max) type 0.1, in Duration (the time of the sound) place 5 seconds. The settings should look like the image below
then click OK
3) Listen to the sound, by click on button “Play” 4) Select 500 ms or 0.5 sec of the track (Highlight it by put the cursor and the beginning of the track, press left button of the mouse and move the mouse until 0.5 sec on the time ruler on the top of the track) and release.
Last Updated 1/15/2021
Hh:mm:ss+hundreth
The go to "View" > "Zoom" > "Zoom to Selection". After the zoom in, The wave is still not clear.
5) Select 0.05 sec or 50 ms and Zoom to Selection again - Now you can see a clear sine wave. 6) Select 0.01 sec or 10 ms and Zoom the Selection again - Now you can see a clear sine wave and count 5 full cycles - meaning the period is 2 ms, corresponding to a frequency of 500 Hz.
Last Updated 1/15/2021
We selected the firs o.5 seconds
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7) Take a screenshot of the Audacity window showing the five full cycles of the soundwave of 500 Hz and replace the placeholder image below
Figure 1 - Audacity window with a sound wave of 500Hz
Measuring the sound using the Spectrum Analyzer included in the software Audacity
8) Be sure that the track is all selected (double click on any place on the track to highlight all the track) then Go to "Analyze" > "Plot Spectrum"
Last Updated 1/15/2021
It will open a window with the spectrum analysis of the track. Make the spectrum analysis screen "Full Screen" and put the cursor in the top of the peak to measure the frequency ant the intensity of the wave as shown in the image below. You can read that the cursor is placed on the point 508 Hz and you can be able to measure the intensity, -59dB. Last Updated 1/15/2021
Frequency and Intensity Values at the Cursor
9) Take a screenshot of the spectrum analyzer window of your wave and replace the placeholder image below.
Figure 2 - Audacity Spectrum Analysis of the original sound wave of 500Hz
Write in the table below the frequency and the Intensity of your soundwave, measures with the spectrum analyzer
Frequency (Hz)
Intensity (dB)
500
-20
Amplifying a soundwave
9) To change the intensity (make the sound louder or softer) select all the track (double click on any place on the track). Go to "Effects" > "Amplify", Last Updated 1/15/2021
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To increase the intensity by 10 dB, type 10 (10 dB) in the Amplification field and click OK - the amplitude will be bigger but the amount of periods on the screen will be the same number - Amplifying do not change the frequency!.
10) Take a screenshot of the Audacity window showing the five full cycles of the soundwave of 500 Hz after the 10dB amplification and replace the placeholder image below
Last Updated 1/15/2021
Figure 3 - Audacity window with a sound wave of 500Hz after an amplification of 10dB
Be sure that the track is all selected (double click on any place on the track) then Go to "Analyze" > "Plot Spectrum", it will open a window with the spectrum analysis of the track. Make the spectrum analysis screen "Full Screen" and put the cursor in the top of the pick to measure the frequency ant the intensity of the wave. 11) Take a screenshot of the spectrum analyzer window of your wave and replace the placeholder image below.
Last Updated 1/15/2021
Figure 4 - Audacity Spectrum Analysis of the sound wave of 500Hz after an
amplification of 10dB
Write in the table below the frequency and the Intensity of your soundwave, measures with the spectrum analyzer.
Frequency (Hz)
Intensity (dB)
503
-21
Question #1: Describe what changes and what did not changed after the amplification? (PLEASE WRITE FULL SENTENCE!):
When the Frequency increased so did the intensity Increase the Intensity of the sound in the track by 10 dB a second time by selecting all the track and going to "Effects" > "Amplify", type 10 (10 dB) and click OK
12) Take a screenshot of the Audacity window showing the five full cycles of the soundwave of 500 Hz after the second time 10dB amplification and replace the placeholder image below
Last Updated 1/15/2021
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Figure 5 - Audacity window with a soundwave of 500Hz after the second amplification of
10dB
Be sure that the track is all selected (double click on any place on the track) then Go to "Analyze" > "Plot Spectrum", it will open a window with the spectrum analysis of the track. Make the spectrum analysis screen "Full Screen" and put the cursor in the top of the peak to measure the frequency and the intensity of the wave.
13) Take a screenshot of the spectrum analyzer window of your soundwave after two times being amplified by 10 dB and replace the placeholder image below
Last Updated 1/15/2021
Figure 6 - Audacity Spectrum Analysis of the sound wave of 500Hz after he second time
amplification of 10dB
Write in the table below the frequency and the Intensity of your soundwave, measures with the spectrum analyzer.
Frequency (Hz)
Intensity (dB)
505
-34
Last Updated 1/15/2021
14) Summarize the data collected in the three explorations in the steps 9, 11, and 13 in the table below
Frequency Hz)
Intensity (dB)
Original Soundwave (Step 9)
500
-20
Soundwave A = Original Soundwave after 10 dB amplification (Step 11)
503
-21
Soundwave B = Soundwave A after 10 dB amplification (Step 13)
505
-31
As we discussed in class, and it will be our hypothesis
Vout
(
dB
)=
Vin
(
db
)+
Gain
(
dB
)
In this experiment we started with given original soundwave which intensity we measured in STEP 9 (original soundwave), and then amplify it by 10 dB in the STEP 11, generating the soundwave A. Question #2: Is the data collected (Original soundwave and soundwave A) supports or rejects our hypothesis? Justify your answer writing a FULL SENTENCE
As the data shows, the original sound wave and sound wave A also increased in both frequency and intensity which supports my answer. Then we took the soundwave A and amplify it by 10 dB in the STEP 11, generating the soundwave B. Question #3: Is the data collected (soundwave A and Soundwave B) supports or rejects our hypothesis? Justify your answer writing a FULL SENTENCE
In the original sound wave and sound wave A the frequency and intensity increased as well which supports my answer
Last Updated 1/15/2021
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Conclusion: What is your conclusion of the experiment you just finished?
In this experiment, As the frequency increased so did the intensity. The output signal after the amplifier is Clipped
Amplifiers are not ideal boxes that can produce any output you desire. In the real world amplifiers are limited by many factors one of the in the power supply. The energy in the output of the amplifier can be larger than the energy that the power supply can provide to the system. Generally the amplifier has a maximum voltage it can produce in its output. If V(in) * Gain is larger than the V(out) max then at any time this happens, the V(out) will
be V(out) max as shown in the picture below.
In the picture V(in)*Gain is the grey line, and V(out) max is +/- 40 Volts. The red line represents V(out). Any time V(in)*Gain > +/- 40 Volt the output is “clipped”. This phenomenon receives the name of Distortion, when the shape of the output of the amplifiers is not identical to the input. Clipping
is a form of waveform distortion that occurs when an amplifier is overdriven and attempts to deliver an output voltage or current beyond its maximum capability.
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Clipping the sound wave will introduce undesired harmonics that will change the quality of the sound you produced “before” the amplifier.
Click here for more information about the effect of clipping
Let’s see what happens with the soundwave we were working with (soundwave B) if we would like to amplify it another 10 dB.
Lets make the current sound louder by 10 dB by selecting all the track and going to "Effects" > "Amplify", type 10 (10 dB), this time you will need to check the button “Allow clipping”, and click OK.
15) Take a screenshot of the Audacity window showing the five full cycles of the soundwave of 500 Hz after the third time 10dB amplification and replace the placeholder image below
Figure 7 - The original sound wave 500 Hz after being amplified 30 dB
16) Listen to the sound - Although sound louder, does not sound like a pure frequency. It is because the sound wave is being "Clipped", (the amplifier is SATURATED, cannot give the output desired and therefore it "clip" the output
signal), and because it is NOT a pure sine wave, other harmonic will start to show. Let’s verify it with the spectrum analyzer.
Last Updated 1/15/2021
Be sure that the track is all selected (double click on any place on the track) then Go to "Analyze" > "Plot Spectrum", it will open a window with the spectrum analysis of the track. Make the spectrum analysis screen "Full Screen" and put the cursor in the top of the peak to measure the frequency and the intensity of the wave.
17) Take a screenshot of the spectrum analyzer window of your soundwave after three times being amplified by 10 dB and replace the placeholder image below
Figure 8 - Audacity Spectrum Analysis of the sound wave of 500Hz after the third time
amplification of 10dB
Let’s make the current sound louder by 10 dB by selecting all the track and going to "Effects" > "Amplify", type 10 (10 dB), check the box "Allow Clipping" and click OK .
18) Take a screenshot of the Audacity window showing the five full cycles of the soundwave of 500 Hz after the third time 10dB amplification and replace the placeholder image below
Last Updated 1/15/2021
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Figure 9 - The original sound wave 500 Hz after being amplified 40 dB
Listen to the sound - Although the sound is louder, does not sound like a single frequency. It is because the sound wave is being "Clipped", and because it is NOT a pure sine wave, other harmonic start to show. Let verify it with the spectrum analyzer.
Be sure that the track is all selected (double click on any place on the track) then Go to "Analyze" > "Plot Spectrum", it will open a window with the spectrum analysis of the track. Make the spectrum analysis screen "Full Screen" and put the cursor in the top of the peak to measure the frequency and the intensity of the wave.
19) Take a screenshot of the spectrum analyzer window of your soundwave after four times being amplified by 10 dB and replace the placeholder image below
Last Updated 1/15/2021
Figure 10 - Audacity Spectrum Analysis of the sound wave of 500Hz after the fourth
time amplification of 10dB
To conclude this part of the experiment, let’s go to an extreme. Let’s amplify the current wave 30 db. Note: see the harmonics grow!!)
Let’s make the current sound louder by 30 dB by selecting all the track and going to "Effects" > "Amplify", type 30 (10 dB), check the box "Allow Clipping" and click OK .
20) Take a screenshot of the Audacity window showing the five full cycles of the soundwave of 500 Hz after 60dB amplification and replace the placeholder image below
Last Updated 1/15/2021
Figure 11 - The original sound wave 500 Hz after being amplified 60 dB
Listen to the sound - Although the sound is louder, does not sound like a single frequency. It is because the sound wave is being "Clipped", and because it is NOT a pure sine wave, other harmonic start to show. Let verify it with the spectrum analyzer.
Be sure that the track is all selected (double click on any place on the track) then Go to "Analyze" > "Plot Spectrum", it will open a window with the spectrum analysis of the track. Make the spectrum analysis screen "Full Screen" and put the cursor in the top of the peak to measure the frequency and the intensity of the wave.
21) Take a screenshot of the spectrum analyzer window of your soundwave after four times being amplified by 10 dB and replace the placeholder image below
Last Updated 1/15/2021
Your preview ends here
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Figure 12 - Audacity Spectrum Analysis of the sound wave of 500Hz after the fourth
time amplification of 10dB
Question #4: Can you summarize what is happening with the sound, when the amplification applied is :clipping the sound? I noticed that when amplification was applied it looked like the original sound
Amplifying your Voice
In this part of the assignment you will sample your voice by recording it using Audacity, Be sure that your sound "it is not Clipped", meaning the sound wave need to fit into the track (between 1 and -1). Listen to your recorded voice. Place the Spectrum Analyzer of your original voice recorded (Place the Spectrum Analyze Image HERE)
Then you will amplify it by 6 dB, listen to the amplified voice and repeat the procedure 5 times. Note if there is a distortion in the reproduced voice Place the image of the Spectrum Analyzer of your original voice amplified 30dB.
Last Updated 1/15/2021
(Place the Spectrum Analyze Image HERE)
Please, answer the following questions:
Question #5
: Is there any difference in the quality of the sound between the Original Voice and the Voice after being amplified by 30 dB?. Explain your perception of the two sounds and their differences.
When I looked at the original and the amplified b 30dB they look identical Question #6
: Can you explain the difference in the quality of the sound by comparing the two Spectrum Analysis (the Original Voice and the Amplified Voice)?
One thing I noticed while doing the experiment.
Last Updated 1/15/2021
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