Lab 03 Ohms Law and DC Circuits Lab
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Apr 3, 2024
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PHY1220
Ohm’s Law and DC Circuits Lab
This is an exploratory lab. (1) Investigate a simple circuit: a battery and a single resistor. (2) Investigate a circuit with two resistors connected in series
. (3) Investigate a circuit with two resistors connected in parallel
. In (2) and (3), find the relations between the equivalent resistance and individual resistances. Find the relation between voltage, current and resistance (Ohm’s Law).
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Multi-meters check
Use a multi-meter as an Ohm-meter to measure the resistance of a resistor. Use your hands to hold the leads and the resistor together. Use alligator clips to hold the leads and the resistor together. OR The resistance of this resistor should be close to 41.5 Ohms. If the reading of the meter is far off, ask your TA to change the battery in the meter.
Check both multi-meters using this method.
To change the battery in the multi-meter
Remove the blue case.
Turn the back side up. Lift the latch, and remove the 3 screws. Carefully open the cover.
Remove the old battery.
Insert a new one.
Delicate wires.
Measure the other two resistors. 13.6 Ohms (with a black stripe between the white and red)
136.7 Ohms
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Batteries check
Use the multi-meter as an Voltmeter to measure the voltage of a battery. You can use your hand to hold the leads in tight contact with the battery. The voltage reading of a full battery should be close to 1.5 Volts or higher. If the reading is too low, ask your TA to give you a new D cell battery.
Check all 4 D cells.
Voltmeter and Ammeter
Voltmeter To measure voltage between any two points in a circuit. Ammeter To measure current flowing through a circuit or a branch of a circuit.
Activity 1: A single resistor and a single battery cell Fig. 1 A single D cell connected to a single resistor. Fig. 2 Break the circuit (black wire) and connect the ammeter into the circuit. Current must flow through the ammeter in order for it to measure the current. Ammeter Fig. 3 connect the Voltmeter parallel to the resistor. Voltmeter
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Notes for Activity 1
•
In Activity 1, with the 13
resistor, while the battery voltage is about 1.5 V, the voltage across the 13
resistor is only about 1.2 V. This difference is mainly caused by the internal resistance of the ammeter, which was measured as around 2.7
. •
When using the 39
resistor and 139
resistor, the voltage across the resistor gets closer to the battery voltage. This is because the internal resistance of the ammeter (2.7
) becomes less important.
Activity 2: a single resistor with multiple D cells
3 D cells are connected.
Activity 3: a single battery cell, and two resistors connected in series Ohm’s Law: V=IR
13Ω
39Ω
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Activity 4: a single battery cell, and two resistors connected in parallel 13Ω
39Ω
Have Fun!
•
When in doubt, read the directions.
•
When confused, ask questions
Theory
Slope = (in y vs. x graph)
R
series
= R
1
+ R
2
+ …
= +
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