phy 213 lab 5

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University of Kentucky *

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213

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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PHY 213 Lab 5 Worksheet: Faraday’s Law Researcher: Jackson Miller DA: Muznah Khalid PI: Zach Scott DA1: Record your groups' five situations. (If you are going to use my example as one of your five, the researcher should carefully explain what “placed appropriately” means specifically.) Situation 1: ends of the magnet going through the coils Situation 2: changing the loop area Situation 3: changing number of loops Situation 4: changing the strength of the magnet at a fixed position Situation 5: changing the polarity, flow of electrons will switch R1: Apply Faraday’s Law to each situation of DA1 to explain why light bulb lights in each case. Any change in the magnetic flux within a coil must create an induced voltage in the coil. The resulting voltage usually creates an induced current and therefore an induced magnetic field. The induced magnetic field will oppose the change in the magnetic flux. For situation 1, we are manipulating the magnetic field with the magnetic field of the bar magnet, this would then change the flux. In situation 2, changing the loop area increases the magnetic flux and thus increases voltage to produce light. In situation 3, changing the number of loops can increase or decrease the flux through magnetic field. In situation 4, as the strength of the magnetic increased, the more light was emitted, as the strength increases, there is more flux, increasing the induced voltage. Lastly, in situation 5, as you change polarity back and forth there is an induced voltage. In these situations, we see as the time interval decreases, the induced voltage increases and that is directly based on the Faradays Law equation. DA2: Take a picture of the largest voltage pulse you can obtain from the oscilloscope and add it to your worksheet. Note, you will be graded based on style and clarity so a fuzzy cell phone pic with poor labelling will not earn full points. +1 point to the group with the largest voltage pulse. R2: Record your group’s procedure for creating the DA2’s voltage pulse. Attach one magnet to the iron rod. Insert the rod into the large conductor. When you begin to move the rod back and forth inside the conductor it creates a voltage pulse.

PI1: Refine the answers to R1 and R2 to explain what aspects of your group’s procedure were responsible for the large size of the voltage pulse recorded in DA2. The aspect responsible was how fast the rod with the magnet moved in and out of the conductor. The faster the rod went in and out, the more the magnetic flux increased which induced more voltage in the coil which induced a higher voltage pulse. R3a: What effect does the amplitude setting have on voltage/current in the small coil of circuit 2? As amplitude increased, the voltage increased. R3b: What effect does the frequency setting have on the voltage/current of the small coil of circuit 2? As the frequency is increased, the voltage would increase. DA3a: What effect does the amplitude setting on the function generator have on Oscope display of the voltage in the big coil? changing the amplitude setting changes both voltage of big and small coil (if you increase the amplitude, the voltage for both coils will increase) DA3b: What effect does the frequency setting on the function generator have on the Oscope display of the voltage in the big coil? changing the frequency setting changes only the voltage of the big coil. The small will be unaffected PI2: Why does the oscilloscope register a non-zero voltage for the large coil? Pretend you are explaining how there can be no electrical connection between the two circuits and energy can transfer from one coil to the other. Energy transfers between the currents because when the small coil in put inside the large coil, the magnetic flux is changed which induces voltage on the coil which also induces a current. This is how the energy transferred from the small to the large coil. PI3: The answers to R3a and DA3a should be similar. However, the answers to R3b and DA3b should be different in one important aspect. Use the Faraday’s Law equation to explain why the frequency has this different effect on the two coils. Faraday’s Law is = − ΔΦ 𝜀 / 𝐵 Δ . 𝑡 In simpler terms, induce d voltage equals negative number of loops multiplied by (change in magnetic flux over change in time). The voltage between the two coils is influenced by how close or far apart they are when frequency changes. When thec oils are close(or inside one another), there is strong interaction between the magnetic fields, resulting in a higher induced electromotive force (emf). If the coils are placed farther apart, the interaction is weaker, leading to a smaller induced emf. Therefore, the positioning of the coils relative to each other determines if the voltage changes based on frequency.

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