306L2

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Purdue University *

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306

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Experiment 2: Spectrum and Network Analysis 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 Describe how the width of the spike changes as you change the time base. The spike width will increase if the time base decrease and form a more rounded hill like curve.

4.2.1 Describe the relationship between bin size and resultant width of the spike in frequency, as displayed on the spectrum analyzer. Smaller bin sizes in a spectrum analyzer yield better frequency resolution, distinguishing finer frequency differences and allowing for the detection of narrower frequency components. Larger bin sizes result in lower frequency resolution, potentially oversimplifying the representation of signals with broader spikes in the frequency domain. 4.2.2 Justify the changing of the width of the spike using bin size, number of samples, and the sampling rate. The width of spikes in a spectrum analyzer is determined by the interplay of bin size, number of samples, and sampling rate, where smaller bin sizes and higher sampling rates enhance frequency resolution and the ability to detect narrower spikes, contingent on a sufficient number of samples. 4.3.1 4.3.2 Describe why switching between linear and logarithmic y-axis units can be beneficial. Switching between linear and logarithmic y-axis units in a graph or chart can be beneficial for visualizing a wide range of data, particularly in scenarios involving exponential growth or wide variations in magnitude. A logarithmic scale compresses larger values, making patterns and trends in both small and large values more discernible, facilitating a clearer representation of data across diverse scales. 4.4.1

4.5.1 Discuss how adjusting the frequency on the signal generator affects the output of the spectrum analyzer. By adjusting the frequency on the signal generator, the peak value’s X axis reflects the value of frequency in FFT mode. 4.5.2 Discuss how adjusting the amplitude on the signal generator affects the output of the spectrum analyzer. The output amplitude of the FFT mode will increase if amplitude of the generator has increased. 4.5.3 4.5.4 Write down the time domain function for the signal used in Screen Capture 4.5.3, and justify the measurements you took. Frequency : 50kHz Amplitude : PK-Pk=8Vppm Vi = 8cos(2π50000t)

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4.6.1 4.6.2 How is the appropriate bin width selected? How is effective resolution quickly tested? The bin size is needs to be smaller than 0.5(f1 - f2) 4.7.1 Would these signals have the same phase plots? Yes, the signal will have the same magnitude spectrum when analyzed using the FFT. This is because these signals only differ in phase and amplitude, not in frequency. 4.8.1 Describe the magnitude and phase difference seen while increasing frequency. increase the frequency, the magnitudes of lower-frequency components may decrease, higher magnitudes at the new frequency components corresponding to the higher frequency of the input signal. Changes in the horizontal position of the peaks, indicating a phase shift between the frequency components. The phase difference can be interpreted as the time delay between different frequency components in the input signal. 4.8.2 Frequency (k) Gain (dB) Phase 10 -50.06 89.4 30 -40.10 88.79 50 -35.32 88.18 70 -31.51 87.35 90 -27.74 86.14 110 -23.90 84.24 130 -17.89 87.86 150 -6.37 43.26 170 -11.3 -65.23 190 -18.12 -79.47 200 -19.71 -81.26

4.9.1 4.9.2 Measure the peak magnitude and frequency location. At frequency = 159754 Hz, the gain has a maximum of -3.67 dB 4.9.3 Give the magnitude and frequency of the 3dB points (the 3dB points occur where the magnitude is 3dB lower than the peak magnitude value, and there are TWO points). The number of simulations was not enough to capture the exact frequency that the gain is 3dB lower. 4.9.4 Describe what the network analyzer tool does to automate the measurement process. Run multiple simulations between desire frequency. The numbers of times which the simulation is ran can be interpret as the resolution of the graph. 4.9.5 Did the frequency response analysis measurements of the magnitude and phase of the transfer function agrees with the manual oscilloscope measurements? Discuss your result. Compare from the analysis, the experiments results match it quite well, the offset may cause by the unreliable connections and unstable input from the generator.