WLS5000_Lab3_SpectrumAnalyzer

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Humber College *

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WL504

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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WLS-5000 Applied Electromagnetics Wireless Telecommunications Lab-3 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements 1 Lab Report Prepared By Lab Section: Lab Group: [1] Name: _____________ [2] Name: ________________ Student ID: ______________ Student ID: _______________ 2 Objectives  To become familiar with Spectrum Analyzers and gain hands-on experience for basic RF spectrum measurements. 3 Materials (all provided in the wireless lab)  Spectrum Analyzer  Antenna  Cables, connectors and adaptors as needed. 4 Information Spectrum Analyzer is one of the essential RF test equipment that is commonly used virtually in every field of wireless communications. The purpose of this lab is to get you familiar with Spectrum Analyzers by performing hands-on measurements and interpreting the results in frequency domain. You will be observing and comparing FM radio signals with respect to their frequency and signal strength. The FM radio spectrum is from 88 MHz to 108 MHz. The FM radio stations are assigned center frequencies at 200 kHz separation – which amounts to maximum of 100 stations for a given coverage area. Following videos can be watched for more information about spectrum analyzers (especially for online labs): Spectrum Analyzer Basics – Part 1 [14:26]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ze4V6Qp1mK8 Spectrum Analyzer Basics – Part 2 [12:47]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SrvCA2-zBG4 Resolution Bandwidth [8:36]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ffhs9Ny03lM 5 Pre-lab Assignment Review the notes on Spectrum Analyzers. Humber College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning

WLS-5000 Applied Electromagnetics Wireless Telecommunications 6 Experiment Procedure 6.1 Part-A 1. There are about 10 Spectrum Analyzers (SA) in the lab – there should be one for each group. Form your groups and choose a bench-top or handheld Spectrum Analyzer to work with. You can choose either type. (a) (b) Figure 1 : Spectrum Analyzers: (a) bench-top (b) hand-held. 2. Before you start, get familiar with the equipment. Note the make, model and the frequency range of the equipment you chose. Please record this information below. For bench-top SAs, the red square in Figure 2 indicates where you can find this information) Make (brand): _____Keysight_____________ Model: Humber College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning

WLS-5000 Applied Electromagnetics Wireless Telecommunications _____N9916A___________ Frequency Range: ______14GHz____________ Figure 2 : Spectrum Analyzer make, model and frequency range information. 3. Press the power button to turn-on the SA. It may take a few minutes to fully turn-on and be ready for measurements. For handheld devices, make sure the Spectrum Analyzer mode is selected. Figure 3 : Spectrum Analyzer power button and mode setting. 4. Set the center frequency to 98 MHz and the span to 20 MHz: Humber College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning

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WLS-5000 Applied Electromagnetics Wireless Telecommunications Figure 4 : Setting the center frequency and the span. 5. Now connect the provided FM radio antenna to your SA input port using the N-to-SMA adaptor. Carefully hand tighten the connections. If your antenna is picking up enough signal strength, you should be seeing ‘spikes’ on your SA screen. Figure 5 : Connecting the FM antenna to the Spectrum Analyzer. Note: Once the antenna is connected and you see the signals on the screen, you can now explore Spectrum Analyzer functions such as marker functions, trace functions and resolution bandwidth. Humber College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning

WLS-5000 Applied Electromagnetics Wireless Telecommunications 6. You can modify the resolution bandwidth (RBW) and trace averaging functions to obtain a better / more clear reading of the radio signals. (a) For R&S Spectrum Analyzers (b) For Keysight Spectrum Analyzers Figure 6 : Modifying resolution bandwidth and trace averaging manually. 7. Using the marker functions of the SA (i.e. Peak Search function or manually dialing), find the highest signal peak in the FM radio spectrum that we are monitoring on the SA screen. This should bring the cursor (small diamond shape indicator) to the top of the highest spike. Humber College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning

WLS-5000 Applied Electromagnetics Wireless Telecommunications Figure 7 : Peak Search function. 8. Record the frequency and the signal level of the highest spike. Most likely what you see is 96.9 MHz. Note that this is Humber College’s radio station. Explain why we might be seeing this station as the highest spike? Frequency: ________96.9________ (MHz) Signal power: _____-52.00___________ (dBm) Signal power: _____0.0063W________________ (mW / μW / nW) - You need to convert your dBm value to Watts. 9. Now observe the second highest peak on your screen. Use a marker to find the second station’s frequency and signal strength. Frequency: ___98.05_____________ (MHz) Signal power: _____-74.21___________ (dBm) Humber College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning

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WLS-5000 Applied Electromagnetics Wireless Telecommunications 10. What is the difference (in power) between the first station and the second station? Difference between the 1 st and 2 nd stations: ____22.21_________ (dB) 11. Let’s assume Humber’s radio transmitter is approximately 500 m away from the lab. Can we find out approximately how far away the 2 nd radio station’s transmitter should be? Note: For this exercise, we will assume the transmitters are identical. We will also assume the frequency of both stations are identical. Therefore, P t (transmit power), G t (transmit antenna gain), G r (receive antenna gain) and λ (wavelength) in the Friis transmit equation are assumed to be identical for both signals. Hence, the difference in the received power can be attributed to the difference in distance to the radio stations (R). Friis Transmit Equation: P r = G t G r λ 2 ( 4 π R ) 2 P t ANSWER= 7kms Calculations are attached below Humber College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning

WLS-5000 Applied Electromagnetics Wireless Telecommunications Humber College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning