Ay1_hw7

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University of Iowa *

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1080

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Electrical Engineering

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May 22, 2024

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pdf

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Ay 1 – Homework #7 Distributed on May 27, due by 5 pm on Friday, June 3, directly to your TA, or to the Head TA’s mailbox as usual. Your name: ____________________________________________ Your section: __________ Collaboration policy: you can discuss it among yourselves in general terms, but everyone has to write or derive their own solutions. Multiple choice questions have only one correct answer, worth 1 point; circle only one. 1. True or False? Galaxies are distributed randomly and approximately uniformly in space. A. True B. False 2. What is believed to be the origin of the structure that we see in the universe today? A. Asymmetries in the expansion of the universe created places where matter could condense to form galaxies and clusters. B. Small density perturbations in the early universe grew into the structure that we see today. C. Once galaxy clusters formed, their large gravitational potentials aided in the formation of galaxies and smaller-scale structure. D. None of the above. 3. How do we infer the size (diameter) of the inner-most regions of a quasar? A. We can resolve them in our telescopes. B. The timescale of variability of the quasar. C. Orbits of stars around the center of a galaxy that has a quasar. D. The absolute magnitude of the quasar’s brightness. 4. Radiation from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) is the main source for which cosmic background(s)? A. Radio B. Microwave C. Optical D. X-ray E. A and D F. A, B, and D Homework continues on next page…
5. Every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole in its center, but we do not see quasars in all galaxies. Why is this? A. Quasars are not active for the entire life of the galaxy. B. Quasars are extremely faint and hard to detect. C. The central black hole is currently not accreting enough matter to be called a quasar. D. Some supermassive black holes were formed in a way that doesn’t create a quasar. E. A and B F. A and C 6. True of False? The first galaxies formed in the regions where dark matter density was highest. A. True B. False 7. That galaxies and clusters have “peculiar” velocities can be explained by… A. The expansion of the universe is not the same in all places and directions. B. Peculiar velocities of galaxies and clusters are optical illusions. C. These objects are gravitationally attracted to regions of higher density. D. None of the above. 8. Why are galaxies much denser and compact than their dark matter halos? A. Regular matter can dissipate its kinetic energy and sink closer together. B. Dark matter feels less of a gravitational force than regular matter. C. Galaxies formed before dark matter halos. D. A and C E. A and B 9. What is the observational evidence for the existence of galaxy clusters? A. Small deviations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) from its blackbody temperature of 2.7 K caused by CMB photons interacting with the hot gas in galaxy clusters. B. Over-densities of galaxies on the sky, corresponding to their being bound gravitationally. C. Very bright X-ray sources, which indicate the presence of the hot gas found in galaxy clusters. D. Gravitational lensing of background sources by the cluster. E. All of the above. 10. Pick the sources of radiation we detect from the inner disk of a quasar and the jet of a quasar. A. Disk and Jet: Accretion B. Disk and Jet: Synchrotron C. Disk: Accretion; Jet: Blackbody D. Disk: Accretion; Jet: Synchrotron Homework continues on next page… Computational question :
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