Unit 3 Assignment - John Perkins

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Running head: UNIT III ASSIGNMENT 1 Unit III Assignment John Perkins FIR 5301 Fire Protection Technology Dr. Steven Gillespie July 25, 2023

UNIT II ASSIGNMENT 2 Unit III Assignment SECTION I: I will start by saying that I am the occupational safety superintendent for and Air Force Base. For the most part, safety professionals view dilemmas like the fire pump usage as black and white. There is a right and a wrong way to accomplish a goal and keep workers safe and using the fire pump that doesn’t meet standards is a wrong decision. There is a reason that it is not up to standards therefore it should not be used. Although using the foreign pump would likely be safer than not using a pump at all, the right choice in this scenario is to not open the warehouse to employees until the appropriate equipment is available. At the end of the day, I don’t view this as a right and wrong scenario but more of a test in risk management. While using the foreign pump would be less risky, it could still lead to a catastrophic failure that would potentially kill several employees. When looking at a comparison of probability versus severity, the severity of the mishap would outweigh any good that could come from using the foreign-made fire pump. Safety of people should never be put to the side due to costs which is exactly what this scenario is asking for. The cost of keeping the warehouse our of commission is leading to the idea of using an inadequate fire protection system because its “good enough.” SECTION II: As discussed in the points to ponder scenario, there is a lot wrong with the current fire protection systems in the warehouse. The building was used for a different purpose prior to the current occupants taking it over and the different usage of the building would warrant a significant overhaul. The first step in overhauling the system if I were to take over this project

UNIT II ASSIGNMENT 3 would be to remove the pre-signal system from service and have an automatic alarm system installed. The pre-signal system might have worked for the previous occupants of the warehouse but as the reading stated, an employee cleared the alarm thinking that it was false. Under the old management, there was likely a control desk that was manned all the time to receive the notifications from the pre-signal system to dispatch their local fire brigade. If there were an automatic notification system installed, this entire situation would have been avoided. After handling the pre-signal system, I would look at the actual layout of the building. Based off the blueprint we are provided there does not appear to be an adequate number of emergency exits for the warehouse facility or the office area. The only egress route for a warehouse employee is through the office area and out one of the doors on the southeast corner of the office area. If a fire were to ignite in the office space, the employees of the warehouse would be required to exit through the dangerous area. Additionally, the office area could likely use another exit or two on the north side of the facility. Without seeing a scale drawing of the facility and warehouse, it is hard to determine exactly where to place these exits to allow for safe egress but the two that are available now don’t seem sufficient. The last step would be to do a thorough inspection of the warehouse to ensure that the systems in place already are given the opportunity to work. As stated in the scenario, the warehouse was full of debris that was blocking sprinkler head and made it dangerous for firefighters to enter and exit the facility. The facility manager and safety professional should have been doing thorough inspections to ensure adequate clearance for proper operation of the fire suppression system. SECTION III:

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UNIT II ASSIGNMENT 4 The stages of fire can be broken down into four basic stages. The ignition is essentially when the fire begins. All the required items from the fire tetrahedron are present such as oxygen, heat, fuel, and a chemical reaction are present, and the fire begins to burn. The next stage is the growth stage which is the point at which the fire will increase its consumption of fuel and will create more heat and smoke. The fully developed stage is the point at which the fire has consumed the greatest amount of fuel and is burning at its hottest point. The last stage is the decay stage. This is the point at which the fire has consumed all the fuel available and begins to die down and smolder. When a fire is burning a chemical reaction is occurring. The flame that is visible to us is due to the particles burning. Different fuels for a flame will be different colors depending on how cleanly the fuel is burning. This is why a gas flame on a natural gas range or a butane torch is typically blue compared to the orange and red colors we see in a campfire. The gasses burn much cleaner and there are less particles to burn in comparison with the wood from the campfire. There will still be the blue burning in a campfire but the orange and red colors that we see are all the wood particles burning more brightly. Structures require different fire protection systems depending on what purpose they serve as well as what the construction of a building is. For example, a building made of steel will likely not burn as easily as a building made from wood. The steel will melt and not provide fuel for the fire in the same way that a wood building would. If a warehouse is filled with cardboard and other packing materials, the fire protection system will need to be able to sustain putting out a fire because the product housed inside will continue to burn for a significant amount of time in comparison with a propane facility. While the propane will have a much bigger boom and likely

UNIT II ASSIGNMENT 5 a hotter fire, the fuel and oxygen will be gone almost immediately for the fire to continue to thrive. SECTION IV: A fire alarm control unit serves several functions depending on the configuration of the system and the facility in which it is installed. The control unit will send signals to all the emergency services within the facility like activating smoke control systems, sprinkler systems, automatic doors, and elevator recall controls. Audible notification appliances can be broken down into two main categories. Speakers can be used to make occupants aware of an emergency with tones and voice signals. Horns on the other hand are used to create a single sound to warn the occupants. Which type is used is going to be subject to the local fire code in the area. There are three types of specialty signals for fire alarm systems. The first signal is a trouble signal. Trouble signals are used to notify personnel that there is some type of problem in the fire protection system. These aren’t usually cause for alarm however, a fire protection specialist should be contacted to service the system and figure out what the fault is within the panel. The next type of signal is supervisory signal. Supervisory signals will show that there is a problem somewhere within the fire protection system for the facility. These will pop up if there is an issue with sprinklers or the pump for the system. Once again these are not typically an emergency, but a specialist should be contacted to service the unit and ensure that all systems are on-line and ready for use. The last and in my opinion the most important type of signal within an alarm panel is the alarm signal. The alarm signal will notify employees and the fire department of a fire. It can start

UNIT II ASSIGNMENT 6 the other systems within the facility to help start the fire if it is configured for that function and the systems are available. While there can be false alarms, the facility could be experiencing emergency and personnel should be evacuated whenever an alarm signal is activated. Once the fire department has responded and determined it to be a false alarm then a specialist should be called to find out what is going on with the system.

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UNIT II ASSIGNMENT 7 References: A guide to fire alarm basics: NFPA . National Fire Prevention Association. (n.d.). https://www.nfpa.org/News-and-Research/Publications-and-media/Blogs-Landing- Page/NFPA-Today/Blog-Posts/2021/03/03/A-Guide-to-Fire-Alarm-Basics Brakhage, C. (2016). Fire protection, detection, and Suppression Systems . Fire Protection Publications, Oklahoma State University. Reporter’s guide: All about fire . NFPA. (n.d.). http://www.nfpa.org/News-and- Research/Publications-and-media/Press-Room/Reporters-Guide-to-Fire-and-NFPA/All- about-fire

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