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Kison 1 Sabrina Kison Ann Johnson English Comp II 13 December 2022 Multilingual Educational Growth Imagine you are in class, it's your first day of second grade or sophomore year of high school, the teacher is giving instructions for your homework assignment, however you can’t understand the teacher and you couldn’t understand the lesson. You go home and your parents can’t understand your homework because it is in a language they don’t speak or understand. When you ask your teacher for help, they are too busy with grading and helping other students; you don’t receive the teacher’s help like you need. You are then frustrated by the lack of guidance provided to you for you to fulfill your educational needs, you start to feel excluded and under-prepared for life events. Would you want to stay in school if this is how you felt? How you’re treated? This is the normal for about 21.6% of people, that is about 33 billion people worldwide, over 600,000 primary school students receive part or all their education in another language, statistics based off Elizabeth Gration, her 2022 article. Multilingual students and families are struggling to understand their new environment that was intended to better their child's education and futures, by creating a more inclusive classroom of interaction opportunities, provide guidelines for understanding, and modifying text and tone. We can create this setting where students can grow their cognitive abilities, their educational knowledge will expand, and physically students will become more confident not only in the classroom but also in society.

Kison 2 It has become normal for teachers to give their lecture, hand out the students' homework, and tell them to look at their notes when asked for help. Families who have immigrated here from all over the world are seeking a better life, economy, opportunities, educational, and much more, when those families arrive some have decent English proficiencies many are still unable to understand the language. Grace Chen states, “ESL students, standing for English as a Second Language, typically need additional resources and support to adjust to the various linguistic complications of learning a new language.” When their educational studies began, they found it was hard to grasp the information the teacher was lecturing about because of their accent and the students lack knowledge in the language made it hard to interpret the lesson, this made the students frustrated and overly stressed out. When students, especially multilingual students, get frustrated they are prone to not participate in the classroom setting of projects, homework, or class discussions. Syed Ali Raza Bukhari states, “Pronunciation is also a factor as some students can't pronounce words and feel embarrassed in presentations. Their work and social life balance, combined with a new culture and its norms may cause a deadlock in the way of their academic progression.” This kind of miscommunication can lead to a disconnection between the student and teacher in the classroom setting; this can suggest a language barrier is present; this kind of barrier is harmful to those of multi languages. When the disconnection in the classroom happens, it can also affect their social life, without knowing English and being an ESL student, they aren’t high on the to be friends with list of most people. Bukhari described an issue that an ESL student can experience in their daily lives saying, “Educational barriers may include hurtful racial attitudes, intolerance to linguistic and cultural differences, lower levels of expectations from school professionals, a lack of access to adequate or higher-level educational services due to tracking, and the implementation of policies and regulations insensitive to the needs of culturally

Kison 3 different students.” Every student's family that comes from all over is different, society has an issue with categorizing people by their looks and language, meaning those who don’t look like they speak English or don’t speak English are pushed to the side and talked down to, most are yelled at, spat at, or told hurtful terms of going back to where they came from. Having that kind of treatment will lead those students down to a hard future, they’ll want to drop out of school, it will be difficult to find a job, and their resources will be limited. Shirley Wright says, “While the need/ability to create a framework to organize our perceptions of others is a human trait, if this categorization becomes stereotyping, it can harm individuals by denying them educational, work, and social opportunities.” We need to change the way we treat the students in the classroom, they are the future of our world. There are a few ways we can help multilingual students want to stay and participate so they can succeed in the classroom, teachers are a huge part in the upbringing of multilingual students educational and mental growth. Teachers could try speaking slower and clearer, students learn better when they are able to understand what you’re saying. Penn State College of Education says, “Speak more slowly, enunciating carefully while still using a natural tone and rhythm. Use gestures with your speech. Hold up one, two, and three fingers as you list three attributes or give three steps to follow. Use facial expressions to indicate emotion and other kinds of body language or miming. Provide visual aids in the form of pictures or realia.” Managing behavior was talked about as another source to help multilingual students, it was found that no matter the age a reward system is still one of the best ways to get students engaged and willing to ask questions. Fiona Drever states, “ A good solution I have found is using non-verbal praise and reward systems. These can be used either as a whole class or on an individual basis and could include strategies such as sticker charts, marbles in a jar and traffic light systems." Another way

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Kison 4 could be by communicating with the parents, you can use a translator however if you give small gestures throughout the school year, whether it be by a thumbs up/down or a smiley face/frown on a paper given to the parents when the student gets home. Dr. Tracy Vasquez, Michelle Keso, and Dusty Sanchez quotes, “Take time to communicate to the families that their questions are welcomed, and then be sure to answer them in a timely manner.” Teachers and parents are the support systems when it comes to the development of the child going through the adjustment of a new culture, economy, language, and educational barriers, teachers and parents should be there to uplift the child and help them on the path to success. One of the benefits of breaking the language barriers in the classroom would enhance the multilingual students' mental state of mind. Christopher Livaccari states, “ The power of the multilingual mind is its ability to improvise in these different styles, to switch back and forth, and to select from among a range of possibilities for communication and problem solving.” There was also an increase of support from teachers, administrators, and parents to be able to continue their education using both mother tongue and learning tongue that are being used simultaneously throughout their educational years. When multilingual students have an advanced mindset, they can use their abilities to their advantage when it comes to getting a job you’ve always dreamed of, getting into a college you always wanted to be a part of, and they’ll help you socially interact with the community around you on several levels. Asta Haukas states, “Research from several fields suggests that there are many benefits associated with multilingualism, such as increased cognitive flexibility and working memory, creativity, increased metalinguistic awareness and better language learning skills, increased empathy and open-mindedness, economic advantages and increased academic performance.” Multilingual students have the mental advantage to communicate with a wide range of people in their community, there is an

Kison 5 urgent need for multilingual workers in today's era. The benefit of having a dual language educational opportunity is more beneficial than harmful when it comes to the students and their abilities. Over time multilingualism has begun to be a new resource in educational growth. The other benefit of a breakdown in language barriers is that multilingual students can use both their mother and learning tongue to promote their work ethic. The School of Education stated, “Students can also benefit academically from bilingual education. Students who pursue higher education are typically required to take a foreign language at the collegiate level, so those who have been exposed to bilingual educational environments before college—and speak two or more languages—have an advantage over their peers.” In the job opportunities posted today multilingual workers are in high demand, they are much needed for those business to continue to help all the public and thrive in the community they need workers who can talk to everyone, the top earners that are multilingual earn roughly $2,461 per week, from Zip Recruiters calculations, just because of the skills those people possess. Having those multilingual workers promotes diversity in the company and will help the business bloom. Spinkerton states, “helping to build a culturally diverse workforce, which in turns allows for fresh ideas and perspectives in creating new business solutions. They also help with the expansion into global markets and the building of employee/customer trust.” Understanding the personal employee success with the business success has some ties but not always, if businesses have successful employees, they will have a successful business. The final benefit from the removal of language barriers gives the multilingual students the chance to come out of their shell, express themselves, and become more confident in themselves and their skills. Dr Jacqueline D’warte, from the School of Education at Western

Kison 6 Sydney University, conducted research involving students and teachers seeing exactly how literacy practices improve the student's confidence and learning outcomes, Rebecca Vukovic reports in Teacher Magazine . Vukovic states “By sharing their stories and their experiences, D'warte says students became more confident in the classroom. This was particularly evident in the students who found themselves struggling with English.” This means that when teachers change the way they set the tone for their classroom their students will start to engage in lessons and do their homework. When the students become more engaged and confident in the classroom the parents then start to become involved in their children's school events. The American University of Washington D.C. states, “Exploring multiple languages in the classroom provides a foundation for cultural education that allows students to learn and grow alongside classmates from a different cultural background. As a result, students learn to become more adaptable and more aware of the world around them.” There are so many more cultural opportunities that come from multilingualism that will help shape a person's personality by the knowledge they are able obtain. Though there are many benefits for multilingual learners in the classroom there are still those that question if those practices will venture from the speed and quality of the information being handed out by teachers, will students still get their full educational needs by taking down those language barriers in the classroom for them to be culturally inclusive. In her blog, Masters in ESL , Serena Makofsky states, “Some critics of bilingual education point to programs in which students take a long time to learn English, or situations in which students seem to lag in both their native and target languages.” Multilingual students must work harder than English speakers do in the classroom because of their need to make up knowledge of the basics native English speakers learn in kindergarten. The parents of multilingual learners could pose concerns over

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Kison 7 their child's educational lives if they see their kids coming home with failing grades, it could indicate something is happening bigger than the students control and there may be a need for the parent to step in, it is good for the teacher to listen and try to understand the parents' point of view if parents come baring concerns. Erica Buchanan-Rivera quoted in Education Weeks opinionated questionnaire saying, “Through clarifying questions, I have learned that some families are not concerned about the content—despite categorizing the complaint as a content issue—but may want educators to be more equipped and intentional in their approaches or implementation.” This is stating that even when parents come to you with issues or concerns when teachers and staff are willing to listen there is a solution that can be figured out. In my problem section we discussed racial terms and language barriers causing issues in the personal and public lives of multilingual students. This can cause another concern for parents, they can be worried about safety, they may pose a question asking if their education is worth their lives. The schools need to listen to everyone no matter who they are. With cultures and differences being expressed today you wouldn’t believe there would be a language barrier in the educational system when children do their most developing. Multilingual students who come from all over the world with their families has a hard time adapting and understanding to the new environment around them, the students' lessons and homework in schools never get done and they are set behind the rest of the class due to the language barrier between students and teachers. The best way for those language barriers in the classroom to be removed is by the teachers stepping up and making their classroom culturally inclusive by reward systems, communication, and a support system. Having those language barriers gone with the help of the teachers' multilingual students find the confidence and skills

Kison 8 needed to succeed in their future endeavors, these current students are our future we need as many skills as possible, it’s better to uplift those skills rather than bury them. WORK CITED Bukhari Raza Ali Syed. “Barriers Related to Languages and Culture Which Prevent Overseas Students from Achieving Their Potential,” JMU Education , 18 pg. PDF, 6 July 2011, www.jmu.edu/global/isss/resources/global-campus-toolkit/files/barriers.pdf . Chen, Grace. “Inclusion or Exclusion? The ESL Education Debate,” Public School Review Blog, 9 November 2022, https://www.publicschoolreview.com/blog/inclusion-or-exclusion-the- esl-education-debate Drever, Fiona. “Breaking the Language Barrier,” Teachers Pet , Classroom Environment, 1 October 2019, www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01434632.2022.2075001 . Ferlazzo, Larry et al. “How Should Educators Respond to Parents Who Criticize What’s Being Taught?” Education Week , Families and the Community Opinion Article, 24 October 2022, www.edweek.org/leadership/opinion-how-should-educators-respond-to-parents- who-criticize-whats-being-taught/2022/10 . Gration, Elizabeth. “Bilingualism in 2022: US, UK, and Global Statistics,” Preply Blog, wrote 9 November 2021, updated 12 September 2022, preply.com/en/blog/bilingualism- statistics/#:~:text=There%20are%20approximately%203.3%20billion,to%20learn%20in %20the%20US.

Kison 9 Haukas, Asta. “School Students’ Beliefs About the Benefits of Multilingualism,” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development , 9 May 2022, www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01434632.2022.2075001 . “How Can I Support ELLs in my Classroom?” Penn State University, Professional Development School, old.ed.psu.edu/pds/elementary/intern-resources/esl-handbook/supporting-ells. Livaccari, Christopher. “The Mental Advantages of the Multilingual Mind, and How More Americans Can Benefit from Them,” The Brain , Aspen Institute Blog, 1 July 2016, www.aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/mental-advantages-multilingual-mind-americans-can- benefit/#:~:text=Communicating%20in%20multiple%20languages %20improves,understand%20things%20from%20different%20perspectives . Makofsky, Serena. “The Bilingual Education Debate: A Hindrance to Learning Language or Enrich Learning Experience?” Masters in ESL , Blog, 16 September 2013, mastersinesl.org/blog/the-bilingual-education-debate-a-hindrance-to-learning-language- or-enriched-learning-experience/#:~:text=Grooms%20finds%20the%20principal %20arguments,even%20worse%2C%20to%20assimilate%20culturally. Spinkerton. “Business Benefits of Multilingualism,” Language Testing International, Commercial, Language Proficient, 4 October 202, www.languagetesting.com/blog/2021/10/04/business-benefits-of- multilingualism/#:~:text=Multilingual%20employees%20bring%20undeniable %20value,building%20of%20employee%2Fcustomer%20trust . Vasquez, Tracy, Michelle Keso, and Dusty Sanchez. “Teaching Tuesday: Communication Strategies for Partnering With ELL Families,” Grand Canyon University , Teaching and

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Kison 10 School Administration, 19 April 2022, www.gcu.edu/blog/teaching-school- administration/teaching-tuesday-communication-strategies-partnering-ell. Vukovic, Rebecca. “Valuing Multilingual Students Skills,” Teacher Magazine , 4 June 2019, www.teachermagazine.com/au_en/articles/valuing-multilingual-students-skills . Wright, Shirley. “Classifying and Stereotyping,” The Internet TESL Journal, Vol X No. 2, February 2004, iteslj.org/Articles/Wright-Stereotyping.html. “Multilingual Solutions Salary Comparison by Location,” ZipRecruiter , Multilingual Solutions, 22 Nov 2022, www.ziprecruiter.com/Salaries/Multilingual-Solutions-Salary . “The Benefits of Bilingual Education and Its Impact on Student Learning and Growth,” School of Education , Blog, 19 May 2020, www.soeonline.american.edu/blog/benefits-of- bilingual-education/.

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