Alex Amado, HW8

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School

Purdue University *

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Course

10100

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Computer Science

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by MinisterPartridge3587

CS 10100 Homework 08 This is Question 1 on Page 1 CS 10100 Homework 08 Due 11:59pm Thursday Nov. 2, 2023 • Delete nothing from this file. • Edit this file to add your typewritten answers to each question. • When your answer includes a diagram make sure that it is clear and large enough to read. • Ensure that your answer fits on the same page as its question. • If you change the pagination of this file or if your complete answer to a question does not fit on the page with that question, then you may receive a lower score. • Export your completed Word file to PDF. • Upload your PDF file to Gradescope.com. It is your responsibility to upload this assignment to its correct place in Gradescope. You may upload multiple times. Your final upload will be scored. Use the download capability to check your upload. • Uploading will be blocked after the due time (plus grace period). • Max score = 10 points; 1 point per question. • The above directions apply for all assignments uploaded to Gradescope. • Why should your answer be on the same page with its question? Answer: Gradescope has been programmed to expect that your PDF file will have exactly one question and your entire answer to it on one page. This allows Gradescope to automatically find and display your answers to the instructional team for scoring. HW08 Q1. A friend shows you some pictures that they took over Fall Break. They decide to present them in class, but when the pictures are viewed on the auditorium projector you notice while standing near the 10 meter (diagonal measure) screen that the image is full of little rectangles of color. What causes the rectangles to appear? These rectangles on the image are caused because the image resolution is fairly low, and this causes pixels to be easily visible in the image. These rectangles are also caused by pixelation and from the quality of the projector. Pixelation is when the image is enlarged past the resolution that it was taken at, and this causes the image to become blurry and each pixel will become more visible to the natural eye. The quality of the projector also causes the rectangles to appear because lower quality projectors may be more prone to pixelation.

CS 10100 Homework 08 This is Question 2 on Page 2 HW08 Q2. When a user runs an app that plays an MP3 song, does the app use compression or decompression? Explain. When a user runs an app that plays an mp3 song, the app uses decompression. The app uses decompression because when you play an mp3 song, the app needs to reverse the compression process that took place when the mp3 file was made. Decompression needs to happen and take place in order for the original audio to be restored, since when the file was originally made, it was compressed to make the file size smaller.

CS 10100 Homework 08 This is Question 3 on Page 3 HW08 Q3. What does it mean for an audio signal to be under sampled? What problem(s) does it introduce? When an audio sample is under-sampled, it means that the rate of the sampling used to digitize the analog audio wavelengths is too low to effectively and accurately capture and reproduce the original audio signal. The sampling rate refers to the number of samples of an analog audio file taken per second. Under sampling occurs when the sampling rate does not represent the audio file in its entirety. Some of the biggest problems surrounding under sampling is that the audio signal can degrade in terms of quality, and it can even lead to loss of information in the audio file.

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CS 10100 Homework 08 This is Question 4 on Page 4 HW08 Q4. According to the lecture, digital phone calls are sampled at 8,000 samples per second, and music is typically sampled at 44,100 samples per second. What is the main reason that phone calls are not sampled at a higher rate like music? The main reason that phone calls are not sampled at a higher rate like music is because phone calls have to make and create a balance between optimizing the bandwidth of the call, storage of the calls, the processing capabilities, and cost efficiency. This is important for efficient and intelligible communication between users, although, they may not be the best or handling and reproducing certain aspects effectively, such as music.

CS 10100 Homework 08 This is Question 5 on Page 5 HW08 Q5. A friend of you has just finished recording his new mixtape in the studio and wants to send a copy to his producer. The copy will be remixed and then published. Your friend needs your help picking the audio file to send. Would you recommend a format that uses lossless compression or lossy compression? Explain. I would recommend a format that uses lossless compression. I would recommend lossless compression because of audio preservation and flexibility in terms of editing. A lossless compression system preserves the quality of the audio and maintain the original quality without any data loss, which is extremely important when producing music. Music artists need to make sure and take all steps necessary to preserve audio quality to the best degree and ensure that no data is lost in the process. Flexibility of editing is also a major benefit of lossless compression compared to lossy compression since lossless compression formats allow modifications to be done to the audio file without any degrade in audio quality; ease of editing is important for music artists and producers so that they can make changes effectively and quickly to their music.

CS 10100 Homework 08 This is Question 6 on Page 6 HW08 Q6. Imagine your friend sends you a picture via text message (SMS) of a recent road trip you took together. You are looking at the photo and you notice that it doesn't look nearly as good on your phone as it does on your friend's phone. The phone company tells you that to fit SMS messages into the phone's storage, they "make digital objects smaller." What do they mean? In the case of the picture, you cannot see some of the detail your friend can see, even though you have the same make and model phone. Explain. When the company says that they make digital objects smaller to fit into text messages and the photo into the phone’s storage, the company is referring to the process of compressing the the content to reduce file size. Compressing media and file size is crucial to optimize the use of network bandwidth and storage space being used. This optimization is needed for sending and receiving text messages most efficiently, especially when dealing with attachments, like photos and videos.

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CS 10100 Homework 08 This is Question 7 on Page 7 HW08 Q7. Your grandfather tells you that he's having a hard time reading the computer screen to read the eBook that you recently got him for his birthday. Should he increase or decrease his screen resolution setting? Explain why this has the desired effect. He should try decreasing his screen resolution. If he decreases his screen resolution, it will increase the text size as well as the size of icons on the screen. Decreasing the screen resolution will also reduce eye strain because it will make text easier to see on the screen.

CS 10100 Homework 08 This is Question 8 on Page 8 HW08 Q8. Watch the following YouTube video: https://youtu.be/3BJU2drrtCM a. List 3 differences between the display on the analog television vs the digital televisions. The 3 differences between the display on the analog television versus the digital television are that the screen on the analog television has a refresh rate lower than the camera, which causes a shuttering effect to happen on camera; the digital television has a much faster processing rate than the analog television; the digital television is backlit by LED’s. b. What are the differences between the two digital televisions they talk about in the video? What repercussion might that have in regard to the television’s power consumption? The differences between the two digital televisions they talk about is that in the OLED televison, each pixel is self illuminated, which means that it can create absolue black, since it does not contain any global backlight. In the OLED television, pixels can be shut off individually to make black, rather than having to turn off the entire panel, like in the LED television. Because OLED televisions control each pixel individually it takes a lot more power to control an OLED television versus an LED television, since in the LED television, it just turns on or off the entire panel.

CS 10100 Homework 08 This is Question 9 on Page 9 HW08 Q9. Look at the following gigapixel image (preferably using a laptop or desktop): https://gigapixel.panoramas.com/purdue/football/20170923/ Scroll around the field, and zoom in as far as you can (i.e., use digital zoom to enlarge an area of the image as much as possible). If you used the digital zoom on a conventional photo to zoom in as much, what would you see? Explain. If I used the digital zoom on a conventional photo to zoom in as much as I am doing in this panorama photo, it would appear to be much blurrier than that of the image linked. If you just used the digital zoom, they image would appear to be far more pixelated than that of the panorama, and the image would be of much less quality.

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CS 10100 Homework 08 This is Question 10 on Page 10 HW08 Q10. Look at 3D images on https://www.flickr.com/groups/anaglyph a. Choose one of the images that has depth with something sticking into the foreground. When you move your head from left to right, what appears to happen? When I move my head from left to right, it appears that the image changes perspectives. I notice the shift in the position of the object as it is viewed from different angles as I move my head, and this perspective is mimicking our depth perception. b. If you move far enough, can you see what's “behind” an object? If I move far enough away from the image, I can not see what’s behind the object in the image. If I move farther away from the image, and if I keep altering my perspective, it will change my perspective of the image and potentially alter the apparent positions of the objects, but it will not reveal new information in the image and I will not be able to see what’s is behind an object. To see what is behind an object in the image, I would need a whole different representation of the object, such as a different and new viewpoint or a change in the image rendering.

Alex Amado, HW8

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