Tech 4010 - Assignment 3-2

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Memorial University of Newfoundland *

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4010

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Computer Science

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Dec 6, 2023

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Tech 4010 - Assess Implementation of Technology Memorial University of Newfoundland Assignment 3: Analysis November 27th, 2023 Table of Contents

Question 1: 3 Answer 1: 3 Question 2: 4 Answer 2: 4 Figure 1: Software Decision Tree 6 Question 3: 6 Answer 3: 7 Question 4: 8 Answer 4: 9 Figure 2. Smartphone Relevance Tree 9 Question 5: 10 Answer 5: 10 Panel of Experts: 10 Survey Questions: 11 Question 6: 12 Answer 6: 12 Strengths: 12 Weaknesses: 12 Opportunities: 13 Threats: 13 Recommendation: 14 Question 1: 2

John Doe has to choose how many sandwiches to make in advance of each day before he knows the actual demand. If left overnight, the sandwiches will be off and be unable to be sold. His choice is between 40, 50, 60 and 70 sandwiches. The actual demand can also vary between 40, 50, 60 and 70 with the probabilities as shown in the table - e.g. P(demand = 40) is 0.2. The table then shows the profit or loss, for example, if he chooses to make 70 but demand is only 50, then he will make a loss of $75.00. Daily Demand Probability Daily Supply 40 50 60 70 40 0.2 $100.00 $0.00 $(100.00) $(200.00) 50 0.2 $100.00 $125.00 $25.00 $(75.00) 60 0.3 $100.00 $125.00 $150.00 $(25.000) 70 0.3 $100.00 $125.00 $150.00 $175.00 Using the minimax, maximax, minimax regret theorem, determine the optimal number of sandwiches John Doe should produce per day. Answer 1: Minimax: 40 sandwiches will guarantee no loss in profit. You will always be gaining $100 no matter the demand. Maximax: 70 sandwiches has the highest upside, with a potential profit of $175, but there is also a risk of losing $200 if the demand is low. Minimax Regret Theorem: 40 sandwiches will result in the least regret. Even if the demand is at its lowest, it still will have a profit of $100 and no regret. Optimal #: Based on the above results, the optimal number of sandwiches is 40. 3

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Question 2: You are a technology manager of a firm that offers retail items in an on-line environment. The software that your firm currently utilizes does not fully meet the requirements of your clients and you have three options, as outlined below, to correct the issues. Using a decision tree, determine the best option for the firm (Show All Calculations) . Process Cost Market Reaction Probability of Success Return-On-Inv estment Purchase New Software $3,000,000 Good 90% $4,000,000 Poor 10% $50,000 Create Software (In-House) $1,500,000 Good 75% $3,000,000 Poor 25% $250,000 Update Current Software $500,000 Good 60% $2,000,000 Poor 40% $250,000 Answer 2: Expected Value (EV) Calculation (Purchase Software) EV ($) 0.9 x 4,000,000 3,600,000 0.1 x 50,000 5,000 EV Total 3,605,000 EV Calculation (Create Software) EV ($) 0.75 x 3,000,000 2,250,000 0.25 x 250,000 62,500 4

EV Total 2,312,500 EV Calculation (Update Software) EV ($) 0.6 x 2,000,000 1,200,000 0.4 x 250,000 100,000 EV Total 1,300,000 Software Calculation Purchase New Software EV - Cost = $3,605,000 - $3,000,000 = $605,000 Create Software EV - Cost = $1,500,000 - $2,312,500 = $812,500 Update Software EV - Cost = $1,300,000 - $500,000 = $800,000 5

Figure 1: Software Decision Tree Based on the expected value calculations, the best outcome for this project is purchasing new software. It has the highest expected value of $3,605,000 and also has the highest probability of success at 90%. Question 3: You are the technology manager of a small construction firm and before the upcoming construction season you wish to make the argument that the use of nail guns can reduce costs and save the firm money and time. To demonstrate this, you decide to use a benefit cost analysis on the three popular types of nail guns, namely the generic, name brand and professional units. The various costs and benefits of these tools are outlined below. Determine the tool with the best 6

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benefit-cost ratio and if this tool depreciates by 7% per year, what would the asset (the tool) be worth after its life expectancy of 5 years. Item Generic Name Brand Professional Nail Gun Cost $10,300.00 $15,850.00 $30,300.00 Revenue Increase $22,000.00 $30,000.00 $40,000.00 Increased Quality $3,000.00 $4,000.00 $6,000.00 Warranty Reduction $1,200.00 $1,500.00 $1,200.00 Labour Reduction $31,200.00 $31,200.00 $31,200.00 Training $1,800.00 $1,800.00 $1,800.00 Extra Insurance $1,500.00 $900.00 $300.00 Answer 3: The costs of this decision include the nail guns cost, the training costs, and the price of the extra insurance. The benefits from this decision include the increased revenue, warranty reduction, labour reduction and increased quality. Brand Cost Benefit Generic Cost = Nail Gun Cost + Training Cost + Extra Insurance $10,300 + $1,800 + $1,500 = $13,600 Benefits = Quality Increase + Revenue Increase + Warranty Reduction + Labour Reduction $3,000 + $22,000 + $1,200 + $31,200 = $57,400 Name Brand Cost = Nail Gun Cost + Training Cost + Extra Insurance $15,850 + $1,800 + $900 = $18,550 Benefits = Quality Increase + Revenue Increase + Warranty Reduction + Labour Reduction $4,000 + $30,000 + $1,500 + $31,200 = $66,700 7

Professional Cost = Nail Gun Cost + Training Cost + Extra Insurance $30,300 + $1,800 + $300 = $32,400 Benefits = Quality Increase + Revenue Increase + Warranty Reduction + Labour Reduction $6,000 + $40,000 + $1,200 + $31,200 = $78,400 The benefit cost ratio for the Generic brand is: 57,400/13,600 = 4.2205 The benefit cost ratio for the Name brand is: 66,700/18,550 = 3.5956 The benefit cost ratio for the Professional brand is: 78,400/32,400 = 2.4198 The incremental benefit cost ratio analyzes the alternative with the lowest cost being compared to the second lowest cost alternative first. Incremental benefit cost ratio for Generic over Name brand: (57, 400 − 66, 70) ÷ (13, 600 − 18. 550) = 1. 879 Since the result is greater than 1, the generic brand is rejected. Incremental benefit cost ratio for Name brand over Professional: (66, 700 − 78, 400) ÷ (18, 550 − 32, 400) = 0. 845 Since the result is less than 1, the Name brand nail gun will be selected. This means the Name Brand Nail Gun has the best benefit - cost ratio. Nail Gun worth after 5 years if it undergoes 7% depreciation each year: PV= 15, 850 𝑥 (1 − 0. 07) 5 = $11, 026. 6 Question 4: 8

You are purchasing a new smartphone and unsure which model to select.You decide to construct a relevance tree to determine which is the best option for you. Research at least five (5) different cell phone manufacturers and develop a relevance tree based on five (5) different aspects of the cell phone, such as battery life, camera quality, processor speed, etc. Choose a cell phone, based on the relevance tree, and explain your choice. Answer 4: Figure 2. Smartphone Relevance Tree 9

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When comparing the smartphone price, battery life, camera quality, base storage and operating system, I would choose the OnePlus 11. It has a long battery life, and is relatively affordable compared to other options listed, it also has one of the best camera qualities on the market, making it covetable. Its base operating system is also one of the newest versions offered by Android, meaning it will have high specs and processing speeds among the phone's applications. Overall this is a highly rated phone, and has the best combination of qualities amongst the options listed in Figure 2 above. Question 5: You are a technology manager of a new but promising cell phone manufacturer, located in St. John's, Newfoundland. Your CEO has come to you with a potential new product of developing a new business cell phone to replace the older models that do not seem to fit with the current business community. The CEO has tasked you with developing a Delphi survey that could justify your firm breaking into this new market area and he would like you to prepare a preliminary survey identifying five (5) experts and five (5) potential survey questions. Note, you do not have to identify the experts by name but by firm, position and qualifications. Answer 5: Panel of Experts: Expert 1: ● Business Affiliation: Memorial University, Department of Computer Science ● Position: Tenured Professor. ● Expertise: Mobile computing, business communication. ● Qualifications: Ph.D. in Computer Science. Expert 2: ● Business Affiliation: Tech Trends Solutions ● Position: Senior IT Consultant. ● Expertise: Corporate mobile device adoption trends, IT consulting. ● Qualifications: Bachelor's degree in Information Technology. 10

Expert 3: ● Business Affiliation: Canadian Center for Cybersecurity, Government of Canada ● Position: Cybersecurity Expert. ● Expertise: Mobile device management, cybersecurity. ● Qualifications: Ph.D. in Cybersecurity. Expert 4: ● Business Affiliation: Integrated Digital Solutions ● Position: CEO ● Expertise: Enterprise mobility solutions, business management. ● Qualifications: M.B.A. with a concentration in Technology Management. Expert 5: ● Business Affiliation: Atlantic Insights ● Position: Business and Technology Analyst. ● Expertise: Market trends, consumer preferences, technology analysis. ● Qualifications: Bachelor's degree in Business and Technology Analysis. Survey Questions: Current Business Needs Assessment: ● How well do you think existing mobile phones address the specific needs of businesses in terms of communication, productivity, and security? Emerging Technology Trends: ● What emerging technologies do you believe should be integrated into a new business cell phone to stay ahead in the rapidly evolving business technology landscape? Security Priorities: ● How important is data security for businesses when considering mobile devices, and what specific security features do you believe are essential in a business cell phone? Integration with Existing Systems: 11

● To what extent should a new business cell phone seamlessly integrate with existing business systems and software to enhance overall efficiency and workflow? User Experience and Training: ● How important is user experience to you in the adoption of a new business cell phone, and what measures should be taken to ensure a smooth transition for employees, considering potential training requirements? Question 6: Your CEO is intrigued by your Delphi questions and choice of experts, and now wishes that you perform a SWOT analysis of the new business cell phone, as outlined in the above question, to determine if it is a viable business idea and if further time should be allocated to this project. Complete the SWOT and make your recommendation to the CEO. Answer 6: Strengths: Expertise and Industry Connections: ● Leveraging the expertise of the selected experts with diverse backgrounds in mobile technology, cybersecurity, and business management. ● Building partnerships and collaborations with established institutions and industry leaders. Innovation and Technology: ● Incorporating cutting-edge features and technologies such as AI and machine learning to enhance productivity and user experience. ● Potential for differentiation through innovative design and functionality. Weaknesses: Market Competition: ● Intense competition in the business cell phone market from established players. ● Challenges in gaining market share and brand recognition in a saturated market. 12

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● As a newer brand we do not have the same reputation as competitors, which may present a problem and lack of sales when we first reach the market. Development Costs and Timeframe: ● High initial development costs associated with research, design, and testing. ● Longer timeframe for product development, potentially leading to delays in entering the market. Security Concerns: ● New phones may bring security concerns and vulnerabilities into the company, such as data breaches or other cyber threats. Opportunities: Growing Market: ● Increasing demand for business-oriented mobile devices due to the rise of remote work and flexible business environments. ● Opportunity to move into the business sector and work with private companies in potential partnerships. ● Chance to overcome market competitors. Technological Advancements: ● Rapid advancements in technology provide opportunities to stay ahead of the competition. ● Continuous improvement through software updates and feature enhancements. Threats: Market Competition: ● Saturation in the business cell phone market, making it challenging to introduce a new product. ● Risk of being overshadowed by well-established competitors. Security Concerns: ● Growing concerns about data security and privacy may impact the adoption of new devices. 13

● Addressing and mitigating security threats is crucial to gaining trust in the business community. ● Potential privacy issues internally with data sharing grids. Recommendation: The new business cell phone project appears promising based on the SWOT analysis above, especially when considering the potential opportunities in the growing business mobility market and the knowledge of the chosen survey respondents. It is essential to effectively address the threats and weaknesses that have been identified. I recommend investing more time and money in the new business cell phone project because of the market potential and project alignment with current trends. However, it is also critical to create a strategic plan that addresses the weaknesses that have been found, including implementing effective cost control and accelerating the development process when practical. Success in this competitive market will also depend heavily on addressing the security concerns and improving the product to set it apart from competitors products. Regular progress evaluations and adjustments to the strategy would also be of interest to ensure the project's viability in this market. 14

Tech 4010 - Assignment 3-2

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