GGR272_Lab4_Fall22

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Geographic Information and Mapping I University of Toronto, Fall 2022 1 Lab 4: Vector Data Analysis Due on November 25th _______________________________________________________________________ File Format : All questions and maps should be submitted as a single MS Word or Adobe Acrobat file. Learning Outcomes: • Translate a theoretical model into a GIS suitability model • Perform vector analysis using a combination of layers • Understand how Overlay operations (Union, Intersect etc.,) work • Know how to use Buffer, Erase and Dissolve tools • Use spatial joins to access GIS layers ’ attributes • Analyze data and create maps from vector-based operations The Bunny Lab Lab description A new rabbit species, possibly escaped from the secret lab of a well-known battery manufacturer, has recently been spotted at certain locations in southern Iowa. Four guided rabbit-spotting tours for curious tourists are in their planning stage. As a GIS specialist, you’ve been tasked by several small local tour companies to help predict rabbit sightings as a basis for planning the guided tours. The locations of confirmed rabbit sightings have been entered into a GIS layer. The famous rabbitologist Dr. Erwin Hasenpfeffer has worked out two simple rules for generally predicting locations for this new rabbit species. However, you will first need to independently verify the validity of these two rules by comparing the locations of actual sightings in your area with his predictions. If his rules are reliable, you could use them to create a map that predicts rabbit sightings (i.e., shows areas in which they occur with a high probability). This map would help each of the four rabbit-spotting tour companies to efficiently plan their tours. Theoretical background: Dr. Hasenpfeffer’s model for predicting rabbits is based on two fundamental rules: ▪ The new rabbits live primarily inside forests and venture at most 800 m outside of them . ▪ They are shy and stay at least 200 m from roads and 1800 m from cities, even if they are technically less than 800 m away from a forest.
Geographic Information and Mapping I University of Toronto, Fall 2022 2 The lab data This lab is based on a lab by Chris Harding (ISU). A copy of the lab data is available on Quercus. Please do not change the directory of files in the Bunny_Sight folder, or else the data will become unusable. Data description: • bunny_sightings.shp – points showing documented rabbit sightings • bunny_tour_starts – locations from which each company has decided to start their tour • roads.shp – lines indicating roads • towns.shp – polygons defining the location (outline) of towns • land_use.shp – polygons showing types of land, however, you are only interested in those polygons indicating Forest • Region of Interest (Elsewhere.shp) – polygon defining the area of interest for your work Start ArcMap and open the rabbit_start.mxd file in the Bunny_Sight folder. Inspect the attribute table and note the values for the various landcover types. You will observe that the forest class has a value of “4”. This implies we can simply use SELECT BY ATTRIBUTE to extract a class and create a new layer. See the example below. Before you continue with the rest of the exercise, take some time to review the questions in the Assignment!
Geographic Information and Mapping I University of Toronto, Fall 2022 3 Create a buffer around the forest • Inspect the LANDUSE_1 layer attribute to know the value of each landuse type • Run SQL query (SELECT BY ATTRIBUTE) to select all the Forest polygons from land_use layer. • Create a layer from the selection (forest) or use data → export and save it as a shape file (forest.shp) • Create a dissolved 800 m buffer operation ( Buffer tool) and call it forest_buf.shp 1 3 2
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Geographic Information and Mapping I University of Toronto, Fall 2022 4 Go to Question 1 in the Assignment. Determine No-Bunny areas • Create a dissolved 200 m buffer around roads and call it road_buf.shp • Create a dissolved 1800 m buffer around towns and call it town_buf.shp • Using an overlay (hint: see the overlay toolbox above) method, create a layer that combines the shapes of the road buffer and the town buffer. The Union tool would help! Call it Prob_0.shp (for “Probability is 0” i.e., According to Dr. Hasenpfeffer’s model, one should never encounter a rabbit within these polygons!) 1 2 3 4
Geographic Information and Mapping I University of Toronto, Fall 2022 5 Unfortunately, your Prob_0.shp now “overlaps” with the forest_buffer layer, to see this make Prob_0 semi-transparent (layer properties, display tab) as shown below. Go to Question 2 in the Assignment. 1 2 3
Geographic Information and Mapping I University of Toronto, Fall 2022 6 Determine High Probability Bunny Areas As shyness wins out in Dr. Hasenpfeffer’s rules, you need to first erase the Prob_0.shp layer from the forest_buf layer before you can continue. Call the resulting layer Prob_high.shp (for “high probability for rabbit encounters") . After erasing, the Prob_high layer looks like this. Go to Question 3 in the Assignment. Determine Areas with Unexpected Bunnies Dr. Hasenpfeffer’s rules have given you a probability for areas that are inside the road/ town buffer and areas that are inside forest buffers, but this still leaves some parts of your region undefined. Seeing that there are a few rabbit sightings in these parts, you decide to simply assign them a “low probability” (low probability but not zero). • Create a helper layer called FRT (forest-road-town) that combines forest_buf and Prob_0. • Erase the FRT layer from the Region of Interest layer (which completely covers your area) and call the result Prob_low.shp (“Probability is low”, rabbit encounters are theoretically possible but not likely)
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Geographic Information and Mapping I University of Toronto, Fall 2022 7 Your FRT layer should appear like the map above. Go to Question 4 in the Assignment. Re-assemble Bunny Probability Maps Make sure the boundaries in each of the Prob_0, Prob_low and Prob_High layers are dissolved, if not run the dissolve tool and rename the layers. To access the dissolve tool, use this command sequence: Data Management Tools → Generalization → Dissolve . Also, color the layers according to their probability. Check, that all the pieces indeed fit into each other like a jigsaw puzzle (i.e., that there are no gaps or overlaps!). It should appear like this.
Geographic Information and Mapping I University of Toronto, Fall 2022 8 The bunny_sightings shapefile has an attribute that records how many people were present during the tour who sighted the bunny. We would like to know the total number of viewers of bunnies in each of the three areas (Prob_high, Prob_low and Prob_0). Use a spatial join to compute this for each layer (joins → join data → join data from another layer based on spatial location). See an example below:
Geographic Information and Mapping I University of Toronto, Fall 2022 9 Go to Questions 5-7 in the Assignment. Evaluate Tour Locations To count how many of the bunny sightings are closest to each tour company (you can use the Voronoi or Thiessen Polygon tool to determine the operating areas of each company which will help with this). Hint: you may have to adjust the Environment Settings ‘processing extent’ to the region of interest (Elsewhere). Environment settings are accessed by right-clicking on ArcToolbox and selecting Environments (see below). To use the Thiessen Polygon tool, navigate this path: Analysis Tools → Proximity → Create Thiessen Polygons. If you run the analysis well, your Thiessen Polygons should appear like this. 1 2 3 4
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Geographic Information and Mapping I University of Toronto, Fall 2022 10 If you execute the Thiessen Polygon tool correctly, your output map should look like this. Go to Questions 8-9 in the Assignment. 1 2 3 4
Geographic Information and Mapping I University of Toronto, Fall 2022 11 Assignment (out of 15 Points) 1. What is the total area in square km of the forest buffer layer (i.e., areas within 800 m of the forest boundary, including the forest itself) (1.5 points) 2. What is the total area in square km of the Prob_0 layer (i.e., areas within 200 m of a road or 1800 m of a town, including the roads and towns themselves) (1.5 points) 3. What is the total area in square km of the Prob_high layer? (1 point) 4. What is the total area in square km of the Prob_low layer? (1 point) 5. How many bunny sightings fall within the Prob_high zone (1 point) 6. How many bunny sightings fall within the Prob_low zone (1 point) 7. How many viewers saw bunnies in the Prob_high zone? (1 point) 8. The tour company that has the best habitat type in its operating area can claim to have the “Best Potential for Rabbit Si ghtings. Show a table with the total area (square Km) of each habitat type (Prob_0, Prob_low, Prob_high) within the operating area of each of the tour companies. Which company has the lowest total high-quality (i.e., prob_high area)? What is the value of the area in square km? (3 points) 9. Create a map showing zero, low, and high probability habitats for bunnies. Also include the sightings, tour starts, tour operation areas (Thiessen polygons), towns, roads any other relevant information. The purpose of the map is to present the tour operations to rabbit enthusiasts wanting to go on a tour. Include all map elements. Add a 10-minute latitude/longitude grid to the map (4 points) Note: Your final maps will be marked according to the rubric below: ▪ Bunny sightings, tour starts, Thiessen polygons, towns, roads (2 points) ▪ Add a 10-minute latitude/longitude grid (1 point) ▪ Good layout and presence of all map elements (e.g., Author, scale bar, legend, north arrow, date, coordinate system) (1 point) BONUS Mark How many rabbits were sighted in the zero potential (i.e., probability) habitat? Explore the characteristics of these areas in terms of landuse, roads, towns, etc. Briefly explain why Dr. Hasenpfeffer’s model perform ed poorly in this area. How could Dr. H asenpfeffer’s mode l be improved to help the tour companies? (1 point).

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