Prog Design Plan & Eval - Module 6 Project Prep

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Nikkia A Bates Southern New Hampshire University IHP-670-Q2487 Program Design Plan & Eval Prof. Cheryl Avant January 18, 2024

Role of Feedback Loops and Communication Pathways Including feedback loops and communication in the implementation of a new program is important because it identifies potential risks and provides strategies to correct those risks resulting in the program's success. The “Crisis Surrounding Opioid Abuse” program will utilize the “Theory of Change” as the feedback loop method and for a communication pathway “Responsive Feedback Mechanism” will be utilized. Theory of Change assists in identifying the desired long-term goals and then strategizes to identify all the conditions that must be in place for the goals of the program to successfully occur (Center for Theory of Change, n.d.). Responsive Feedback Mechanism assists in reducing tension between traditional monitoring, evaluation, implementation, and decision-making (Viswanath, et al., 2019). RFM implements that the programs' activities should be driven by the actionable insights of program implementers (Viswanath, et al., 2019). That said, these methods will provide insight into program activities that are not functioning correctly due to the feedback amongst all individuals. Life Cycle of Program’s Adjustment Needs To identify the programs' adjustment needs program leaders should review the program's design and performance. This will include the program's objectives, structure, delivery, and evaluation method. After identifying the adjustment needs implementing changes are next, which may include revising the programs overall objectives. The last step would be evaluating how effective changes are to the program's succession. Continuous Improvement

The PDSA/PDCA cycle is known for solving problems to provide the highest quality result. This method will allow for the continuous improvement of the program because of its four-step management model. The four-step management model includes plan, do, study or check, and act. This method will address program specific improvements; which includes setting outcomes, identifying areas of improvement, and strategizing methods for success. Overall, the PDSA/PDCA drives the program forward with continuous insights into continuous improvements which allows program leaders the opportunity to expand their program to their audiences. Barriers, Risks, and Benefits An external barrier of the “Crisis Surrounding Opioid Abuse” program would be the lack of education on postoperative pain management and opioid use places patients at risk for poor compliance, worse pain control, and addiction (Lee and Wu, 2020). Patients who are not well educated on opioid-related side effects are more likely to abuse the medication in hopes of easing pain and result in an addiction versus a positive solution. I would consider the possibility of relapse as a barrier and a risk to the program as well; studies show that 40-60% of individuals relapse within 30 days of trying to get clean and 85% relapse within their first year of soborerity (Sternlicht & Sternlicht, 2023). Although the program will have barriers and risks there will be resources and benefits to offset them. To minimize the barrier of lack of education on postoperative pain management and opioid use, program leaders will utilize the program resources of pharmacists. Pharmacists could expand their counseling practices to include education on safe postoperative opioid use to prevent misuse/addiction (Kosobuski, et al., 2022). To minimize the barrier and risk of opioid relapse program leaders will use the Narcotics

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Anonymous (NA) group's program resource offered as an activity to individuals enrolled in the program. References Kosobuski, L., O’Donnell, C., Koh-Knox Sharp, C. P., Chen, N., & Palombi, L. (2022). The Role of the Pharmacist in Combating the Opioid Crisis: An Update. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation , Volume 13 , 127–138. https://doi.org/10.2147/sar.s351096

Lee, B. H., & Wu, C. L. (2020). Educating Patients Regarding Pain Management and Safe Opioid Use After Surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia , 130 (3), 574–581. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000004436 Sternlicht, L., & Sternlicht, A. (2023). 10 Most Common Reasons for Addiction Relapse: Family Addiction Specialist: Addiction Counselor . Www.familyaddictionspecialist.com . https://www.familyaddictionspecialist.com/blog/10-most-common-reasons-for-addiction- relapse Viswanath, K., Synowiec, C., & Agha, S. (2019). Responsive feedback: Towards a new paradigm to enhance intervention effectiveness. Gates Open Research , 3 , 781. https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12937.2 What is the theory of change? Theory of Change Community. (2023, July 19). https://www.theoryofchange.org/what-is-theory-of-change/ Xu, J., Wang, J., Rapp, R. C., & Carlson, R. G. (2007). The Multidimensional Structure of Internal Barriers to Substance Abuse Treatment and Its Invariance across Gender, Ethnicity, and Age. Journal of Drug Issues , 37 (2), 321–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/002204260703700205

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