ALD16 (1)
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Active Learning Discussion 16, Sample Exam Questions and Focus Questions on the Family Life Cycle.
Monday, March 22, 2021:
Question 1:
Angus Campbell collected measures of Life Satisfaction, Positive Mood, and Stress from 2,164 randomly selected Americans in 1975, to describe the changes in subjective well-being that occur as people move through the stages of the family life cycle. Focusing on the stages from being single and never married through having children, having them develop and leave home, what are the general changes in Life-Satisfaction, Positive Mood, and Stress that occur during this period.
Question 2:
In Lecture 16-1 I provided some explanations for why the pattern of changes you’ve discussed for Question 1 occur and how that pattern of change from single to grown children having left the household might change if Americans postponed the birth of their first child (from the typical
of two years after marriage) to 7 year after marriage. Discuss the reasons I offered for the patterns of change Campbell reported and how the pattern of change in subjective well-being might be different if parents waited 7 years into their marriage to have their first child?
Question 3:
Campbell’s data show the pattern of subjective well-being for the Empty Nest and Widowhood period of the family life cycle. Discuss how the subjective well-being of parents change after their adult children leave the household, versus how widows and widowers well-being changes after they lose their spouse? In addition to discussing the patterns of similarity and difference, discuss the reason you think explain those differences.
Question 4:
In lecture 16-3 I described divorce as the “ugliest stage” of the family life cycle. In addition to discussing how Angus Campbell’s data support that description, discuss the reasons you think explain the ugly part of divorce?
Question 5:
Lecture 16-3 described what have become common “community property and no fault” divorce laws across the United States. Knowing what you have learned about these laws, would you consider suggesting a prenuptial agreement to some future, prospective spouse? Sample Review Questions (33 of 87 which will be on your exam)
1. Which of the following are advantages of life-long relationships? They provide
a. Companionship, social contacts and emotional support.
b. Better health through shared diets and monogamous sexual relationships.
c. Family support for raising children.
d. Better economic well-being, through two incomes, two pensions, and shared
housing.
e. All of the above.
4. Some dramatic changes that occurred in the nature of American Families between 1965 and 2010 were described in lecture. For the next 7 items, indicate whether the change between 1965 and 2021 was an increase, decrease or no change.
The percentage of women who were employed full-time outside of the home?
a. Increased from 1965 to 2021.
b. Decreased from 1965 to 2021.
c. Remained about the same in 2021 as it was in 1965.
5. The rate of new marriages per 1000 people in the population?
a. Increased from 1965 to 2021.
b. Decreased from 1965 to 2021.
c. Remained about the same in 2021 as it was in 1965.
11. As described in lecture, Hill, Rubin and Peplau studied the break up before marriage of 103 dating couples. Their study recruited 231 dating couples, of which 96% of the men and 97% of the women believed they would someday marry. Which of the following was the one factor that Hill, Rubin and Peplau found to best
predict
who would and who would not break up?
a. Similarity of Physical Attractiveness.
b. Similarity of Socioeconomic Status.
c. Similarity of interest and educational aspirations.
d. Relative degree of involvement in the relationship.
e. Interpersonal Intimacy.
14. Hill, Rubin and Peplau examined the shared explanations that breaking-up couples provided for the end of their relationship? If the break-up was caused by a dyadic reasons (problems cause by interactions between the couple) how much agreement was their among the couple as to the exact cause of the break-up?
a. About 100% common agreement as to why the relationship ended.
b. About 75% common agreement as to why the relationship ended.
c. About 50% common agreement as to why the relationship ended.
d. About 25% common agreement as to why the relationship ended.
e. About 0% common agreement as to why the relationship ended.
17. Self-Disclosure?
a. is a person’s willingness to talk about personally relevant information.
b. is likely a major factor in the development of interpersonal intimacy.
c. is the foundation of the Self-Revelation stage of Reiss’s Wheel Theory.
d. is related to knowing others and falling in love.
e. All of the listed item are true.
18. In general, we like those that self-disclose. Which of the following is a guideline we should use in determining our pattern of self-disclosure?
a. It should start at a modest level and gradually increase over the length of a relationship.
b. It should start low and remain at that level when meeting someone you like.
c. It should start high and gradually decrease over the length of a relationship.
d. We should disclose deviant behaviors and past sexual conquests only several weeks into a relationship.
22. Studies of sex differences in self-disclosure and interpersonal compatibility suggest?
a. on average, women have higher levels of self-disclosure than men.
b. one of the chief complaints of women is their male counterparts do not self- disclose.
c. one of the chief complaints of men is they don’t get enough physical affection from
their female companions.
d. on average, women show more physical attention to men who self-disclose.
e. All of the listed options are ture.
23. Studies of the self-disclosure behavior of college students show some differences in to whom they are willing to self-disclose?
a. in general, they reveal the most to their same sex friends.
b. in general, they reveal the most to their different sex friends.
c. in general, they reveal the most to their mothers.
d. in general, they reveal the most to their fathers.
25. Locus of control refers to a person’s?
a. willingness to share personal information about themselves with a partner.
b. beliefs about the extent to which they personally control the good and bad events that happen in their own lives.
c. beliefs about the extent to which they personally control the good and bad events that happen in other people’s lives.
d. self-regard for their own personal worth.
e. None of the listed options is correct.
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26. People who score high on the “internal” locus of control dimension are?
a. likely to believe they have little control over the things that happen in their lives.
b. likely to believe they have great control over the things that happen in their lives.
c. likely to think that most of the bad things that happen to them are due to bad luck.
d. likely to think that most of the good things that happen to them are due to good luck.
e. all of the listed options are correct.
30. Which of the following statements is not
likely to be true of a person who scores high on an external locus of control dimension?
a. They will believe they have little control over their own future.
b. Will be most happy if they marry a person who is internal in locus of control.
c. They will be more agreeable in their interpersonal relationships.
d. They will be less likely to change if they are persuaded a problem exists.
e. They will remember criticism directed toward them quite well.
31. Self-esteem refers to a person’s?
a. willingness to share personal information about themselves with a partner.
b. beliefs about the extent to which they personally control the good and bad events that happen in their own lives.
c. status within their community of friends and family
d. belief about their own personal worth.
e. None of the listed options is true.
32. In general, people high in self-esteem tend to like others more than do people with low self-esteem. Which of the following is an element in the process that explains this pattern?
a. High self-esteem people like themselves.
b. High self-esteem people assume that others like them. c. High self-esteem people reciprocate what they perceive as liking and like others in return.
d. Others reciprocate the positive behavior of high self-esteem people and treat
them well in return. e. all of the above are steps in the process.
36. If a person low in self-esteem is paired with a partner who is high in self-esteem,
the high self-esteem partner is?
a. likely to treat the low self-esteem person well.
b. less likely to be negatively affected by the low self-esteem person’s negativity.
c. less likely to brood and ruminate about past problems in their interactions.
d. more likely to be confused by their low self-esteem partner’s negativity.
e. All of the listed options are true.
37. Which of the following is not
true of romantic love?
a. It is a universal concept found in all cultures.
b. It protects couples from divisive pressures.
c. Provides a motivation for marriage.
d. Reported symptoms are similar to those of the flu.
38. Which of the following is not
one of the four stages proposed by Reiss in his "wheel theory" of romantic love?
a. Rapport.
b. Self-revelation.
c. Mutual dependency.
d. Sexual arousal.
e. Need fulfillment.
40. Which of the following is not
an important element in the miss-attribution theory of romantic love proposed by Berscheid and Walster?
a. Individuals experience similar patterns of physiological arousal
for a wide variety of environmental stimuli.
b. Individuals experience highly specific patterns of physiological arousal in the presence of an attractive person of the opposite sex.
c. People's labels for emotional experiences are determined by socio-cultural experiences.
d. Western culture in general, and the United States in particular, have created a strong cultural belief in romantic love.
43. Angus Campbell studied the Life Satisfaction, Mood & Feelings, and Stress levels of 2,164 American Adults who were randomly selected from the population. The focus of his study was how quality of life changes across the family life cycle as people move among the following stages: (1) single, never married, (2) married without children (3) married with children under 6, (4) married with children 7-17 and (4) married with children over 17. In general, he found Life Satisfaction and Mood & Feelings changed in unison across the life cycle while Stress showed quite a
different pattern of change. The following 10 questions address the patterns of change he found:
Relative to the overall, national average of Life Satisfaction/Mood, young unmarried
men and women?
a. were above the national averages on Life Satisfaction/Mood.
b. were equal to the national averages on Life Satisfaction/Mood.
c. were below the national averages on Life Satisfaction/Mood.
44. Relative to the overall, national average of Stress, young unmarried men? (Remember high bars on the graph represent low Stress.)
a. were above the national averages on Stress.
b. were equal to the national averages on Stress.
c. were below the national averages on Stress.
51. In general, how does the Life Satisfaction/Mood of men and women change as their children grow older? In other words what happens as the children grow from age 6, to 7-17 or over 17?
a. Their Life Satisfaction/Mood shows an increase.
b. Their Life Satisfaction/Mood shows no change.
c. Their Life Satisfaction/Mood shows a decrease.
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52. In general, how does the Stress of men and women change as their children grow older? In other words what happens as the children grow from age 6, to 7-17 or over 17?
a. Their Stress increases.
b. Their Stress level does not change.
c. Their Stress decreases.
53. The men and women studied by Angus Campbell married on average by ages 26 and 24, respectively. Their first child was typically born within two years of their marriage. How might the patterns of changes in Life Satisfaction and Stress be different if they had postponed the birth of their first child until 7 years after their marriage (5 years longer than the 2 years of Campbell’s sample)?
a. They would probably have far less Stress and greater Life Satisfaction while raising their children (from birth to over 17).
b. They would probably have far more Stress and less Life Satisfaction while raising their children (from birth to over 17).
c. They would probably have far more Stress and more Life Satisfaction while raising their children (from birth to over 17).
d. They would probably have far less Stress and less Life Satisfaction while raising their children (from birth to over 17).
55. Angus Campbell’s data show the most Stressed stage of the family life cycle?
a. is for single, unmarried women.
b. is for young married men with children under the age of 6.
c. is for widows or widowers in the years following the death of their spouse.
d. is for mothers suffering from the empty nest syndrome.
e. is for divorced women who probably have custody of their children.
58. From a sociological perspective, the system developed by a culture to give order and predictability to the path followed by individuals as they move through life is called:
a. Age-status system.
b. Life-cycle system.
c. Age norms.
d. Chronological age.
61. Cardiac output, minute ventilation, and oxygen consumption are three measures used by exercise physiologists to index a person's physical conditioning. In general, between the ages of 20 and 70 these measures show:
a. No significant decline.
b. Declines by about 25 percent.
c. Declines by about 50 percent.
d. Declines by about 75 percent.
63. Hypokinetic disease refers to:
a. Undiagnosed disease in its early stages.
b. Physical and mental declines resulting from inactivity.
c. Loss of muscle strength resulting from hormonal imbalance.
d. Loss of movement speed from central nervous system disintegration.
66. Exercise physiology research by Elsayed, Ismail, & Young and by Lichtman & Poser with older adults has shown that regular physical activity:
a. Can improve cognitive functioning as measured by tests of fluid IQ and perceptual speed.
b. Can improve cognitive functioning as measured by tests of fluid and crystalized IQ.
c. Can improve cognitive functioning as measured by tests of crystalized IQ and perceptual speed.
d. Does not have any effect on cognitive functioning.
67. Griest et al used two conditions of psychotherapy (time limited and time unlimited) and one of exercise (running) to treat patients from 18-30 years of age suffering from moderate depression. The results of that investigation show that:
a. Running was less effective than both forms of psychotherapy in treating the patient’s depression.
b. Running was more effective than time limited but less effective than time unlimited psychotherapy in treating depression.
c. Running was more effective than time unlimited but less effective than time limited therapy in treating depression.
d. Running was more effective than time limited and as effective as time unlimited therapy in treating depression.
70. An optimal, life-long exercise program should?
a. combine strength training and aerobic exercise.
b. involve at least five 30-minute moderate intensity periods a week.
c. be performed in the most time effective and convenient way, preferably at home, first thing in the morning.
d. all of the listed options are true.
71. The advantage of a life-long exercise program is (are)?
a. improved cardiovascular and respiratory capacity.
b. improved fluid intellectual abilities.
c. improved mood and overall mental health
d. improved weight management ability.
e. all of the listed options are true.
7
2. Lawton and Nahemow's theory of people's adaptation to their environment focuses on the balance between
a. competency and environmental press
b. congruence and competency
c. loss and environmental press
d. congruence and loss
75. Which two aspects of community services are most important to young adults?
a. jobs and medical services
b. medical services and shops
c. shops and schools
d. jobs and schools
78. A housing arrangement in which an older adult sleeps and bathes in their own space, but shares common living, entertainment and dining space with other residents is called?
a. independent living
b. assisted living
c. continuing care community
d. intermediate nursing home
e. skilled nursing home
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