1008PSY Assignment 2022

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Griffith University *

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1008PSY

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Communications

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Apr 3, 2024

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1 Reflection on an Interpersonal Interaction [Dana Hamad] Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Student Number: [s5292924] Course: 1008PSY Interpersonal Skills Tutor: [Elia Edwards] Tutorial: [Wednesday]; [11:30] Word Count: 150 [Transcript] + 1300 words Statement of originality: I declare that this assignment is my own work and other than the material that was provided in the template document, it does not include: (i) material from published sources used without proper acknowledgement; or (ii) material copied from the work of other students

2 Background/Context and Transcript Dana and Rheanna are close friends as well as Uni roommates. To ensure that their apartment stays clean they both agreed to implement a strict cleaning schedule so that all chores are split equal and fair amongst the girls. Key: Rheanna = R; Dana= D (I am Dana) R1: I see you haven’t been following our schedule. I cannot keep doing all this myself! (Assertive tone of voice, Direct eye contact. Relaxed facial expression) D1: Okay, I didn’t think you were this mad about it. I’ll do it later. (No eye contact, crossed arms, bored tone of voice) R2: What? (Offended facial expression) You’ve been saying that for weeks now! I’ve been too nice; you need to get your shit together. Why can’t people do things without being reminded, it’s just as exhausting for the both of us! I don't want to be the bad guy all the time, but I'm getting tired of it all! (Frustrated and irritated tone of voice, intense eye contact, aggressive hand gestures) D2: Rheanna, are you okay? Because what ever this is sounds a lot bigger than me not sticking to the cleaning schedule. Come, sit, let’s talk about it. (Softly taps the couch, softened facial expression, assuring tone of voice, direct eye contact) R3: God you’re right, I could really use a seat. (Direct eye contact, hand on forehead, calmer tone of voice)

3 Reflection on an Interpersonal Interaction Effective Communication Interpersonal skills are a distinctive, transactional form of human communication involving mutual influence, usually for the purpose of managing relationship (Webb & Thompson-Hayes, 2002). Managing the relationship between Me and Rheanna resulted in a variety of communication skills to be used, however, this report will focus on the essence of effective and ineffective communication skills as well as skills to improve the interaction. Effective communication is a process of exchanging ideas, thoughts, knowledge, and information such that the purpose or intention is fulfilled in the best possible manner (J, 2022). Therefore, an example of an effective communication can be seen in D2 through the use of non-verbal communication of direct eye contact. Eye contact may serve various crucial communication roles, including securing attention and regulating the discourse. As seen in D2, when both persons-maintained eye contact, it suggested an openness in communication, allowing Rheanna to recognise that she had captured my attention and interest. Another example of an effective communication style is the use of Assertive behaviour. This verbal communication skill is valuable in interpersonal communication as you express thoughts, feelings and beliefs in an honest and appropriate form while also listening to the views of others (Skill you Need,2022). This is seen in D2 where I am seen listening to Rheanna’s views and responding appropriately, whether I agree with Rheanna’s views or not. By inviting Rheanna to have a calm conversation about what is genuinely upsetting her, I exercised a form of self-control. Through the use of assertive communication, both parties’ need, wants and feeling are more likely to be acknowledged, appreciated, and heard,

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4 strengthening the relationship and avoiding fewer negative disputes. (Assertiveness - Better Health Channel, 2022) Ineffective Communication Ineffective communication can be caused by both sides failing to convey, or process received messages. Communication barriers, which can arise at any point in a discussion, foster a lack of knowledge, awareness, and consideration for both the sender and recipient, preventing proper co-operation when misunderstanding is apparent. (Skills You Need, 2022) In this interaction, an example of an ineffective communication is shown in D1, where I portray a negative and defensive body language. Through the movement of crossing my arms, I am presented as insecure, closed-off, unapproachable, aggressive, or indifferent, which may imply to Rheanna that during this conversation I explicitly disagree with her statements. (Examples of Body Language: Recognize Nonverbal Cues, 2022) This creates a barrier between both parties since the attitude not only stifles the conversation, but lead both me and Rheanna to be less productive and cooperative. (Barriers to Effective Communication, 2022). Furthermore, in D1 it seen that when I am aggressively confronted there is an avoidance of eye contact which is another form of an ineffective interpersonal communication skill. Eye contact avoidance will negatively impact communication, increasing the likelihood of a miscommunication. When compared to other types of nonverbal communication, eye contact is said to have the greatest influence on how much people like and trust you. (Sundaram& Webster, 2000). For that reason, when I avoid eye contact while conversing with Rheanna, as portrayed in D1, it can signal to the other party that I either do not want to talk to them, am not interested in the conversation or that I am passive, insecure or afraid (DeVito, 2016).

5 Skills to Improve the Interaction To improve this interaction, a skill I should have regularly adopted through my conversation is consistent eye contact. As understood, eye contact during a conversation is vital. This is because extensive research has shown that eye contact is very effective for understanding where someone's attention is concentrated, predicting someone's behaviour, and responding appropriately, and, most crucially, knowing whether the channels of communication are open or closed between you. (Bencic & Jarick, 2019). If I had adopted this non-verbal communication skill consistently in D1, it would have obvious to Rheanna in R2 that I was aware and understanding of her comments, even if I did not agree with them. This would have wiped the negative impression Rheanna had received leading up to her outburst in R2 and avoided the negative situation. In addition, the use of negative and defensive body language such as crossed arms, as portrayed in D2 has hindered both the sender and receivers’ ability for a positive interaction. To remedy this, I would have opted to consistently use open and positive body language, or in this example, holding my arms back and avoid crossing them, which not only shows how open I am to this topic, but also conveys power and confidence, demonstrating my attentiveness to this conversation. (Centono, 2022) Reflection on My Communication Reflecting on my communication skill throughout the conversation, it is noted that I have utilised certain effective and ineffective interpersonal skills, which have influenced the result of this interaction. This may be shown in D1 through the employment of inefficient communication techniques such as avoiding eye contact, using negative and defensive body language, and speaking in a bored tone of voice. As a result of my behaviours, it had a detrimental impact on the interaction, becoming a catalyst for Rheanna in R2 to become more

6 confrontational and aggressive as shown through her frustrated and irritated tone of voice, intense eye contact, and aggressive hand gestures. My use of ineffective communication ultimately demonstrated to Rheanna that I was uninterested in the discussion any anything she had to say to me. As a result, the aggressive reaction by Rheanna made it very plain to me that this was led by my application of weak communication skills. The second behaviour was found as a result of the effective skills utilised in this conversation. This was demonstrated in D2, when I used an assuring and calmer tone of voice and made direct eye contact with Rheanna. This had a beneficial influence on the encounter since I took advantage of the chance to build a channel for effective, polite, and efficient communication between myself and Rheanna. Furthermore, I demonstrated to her that I was listening to what she had to say by making direct eye contact, leading her to feel appreciated and respected. As evidenced in R3, my behaviour had a favourable impact on Rheanna, since she essentially imitated my effective communication skills and enabled herself to state her feelings in a more positive way. Contextual Factor/s Influencing the Interaction The poor emotional management that Rheanna had demonstrated during the conversation was a Contextual Factor which affected our interaction. Poor emotional mastery can lead to issues with communication (Mehrabian, 1971; Schmitz, 2016). Rheanna attempting to communicate one emotion; her concern for my lack of persistent with the cleaning schedule, while in reality feeling and displaying the signs of another; her internal frustration from build-up anger involving unrelated situations, can lead to mixed messages which leaves the other individual in the interaction confused and disconnected (Mehrabian, 1971; Schmitz, 2016). As shown in R2, Rheanna had been experiencing prior conflicts unrelated to the situation involving herself and I, however, the engagement involving our situation eventually arose to

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7 an outburst of negative emotions which could have increased the chance of misunderstandings and conflict. (Hyden et al., 1994; Schmitz, 2016) Due to our relationship of being good friends, I was able to pay attention to these often-subtle messages which provided hints about unspoken implications and intentions which lead to clearer and more effective communication and greater understanding between the sender and receiver.

8 References Assertiveness - An Introduction | SkillsYouNeed. Skillsyouneed.com. (2022). Retrieved 19 May 2022, from https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ps/assertiveness.html. Barriers to Effective Communication | SkillsYouNeed. Skillsyouneed.com. (2022). Retrieved 19 May 2022, from https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/barriers-communication.html. Barot, H. (2022). Franticallyspeaking.com. Retrieved 19 May 2022, from https://franticallyspeaking.com/ineffective-communication-explained-and-how-to- avoid-it/. Examples of Body Language: Recognize Nonverbal Cues. Examples.yourdictionary.com. (2022). Retrieved 15 May 2022, from https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples- of-body-language.html. Hendrix, Rachel E. and Morrison, Carley C. (2020) "Student Emotional Responses to Different Communication Situations," Journal of Applied Communications: Vol. 104: Iss. 3. https://doi.org/10.4148/ 1051-0834.2322 Howell, D. (2022). Interpersonal Communication: How To Improve It And Why It Is a Must- Have Business Skill - Beekeeper. Beekeeper. Retrieved 19 May 2022, from https://www.beekeeper.io/blog/interpersonal-communication/. Hyden, J. S., Jordan, A. K., Steinauer, M. H., & Jones, M. J. (1994). Communicating for success: An applied approach . Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing Company.

9 J, A. (2022). What is Effective Communication? Definition, Characterstics, Skills, Significance, Barriers - The Investors Book. The Investors Book. Retrieved 19 May 2022, from https://theinvestorsbook.com/effective-communication.html. Mehrabian, A. (1971). Silent messages . Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc. Positive Body Language With Examples. Harappa. (2021). Retrieved 19 May 2022, from https://harappa.education/harappa-diaries/positive-body-language-with-examples/ #:~:text=A%20positive%20body%20language%20is,ease%20during%20interactions %20or%20exchanges. Schmitz, T. (2016). The importance of emotional awareness in communications. Retrieved from https://www.conovercompany.com/the-importance-of-emotional-awareness- incommunication/ Shafer, H. (2022). Why Eye Contact is Important in Communication. SocialSelf. Retrieved 19 May 2022, from https://socialself.com/blog/eye-contact-important/. Vu, M. (2022). Communication: Effective vs Ineffective. How communication affect motivation?. Retrieved 19 May 2022, from https://maxcommunicationmotivation.weebly.com/communication-effective-vs- ineffective.html.

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1008PSY Assignment 2022

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